2023 |
Vardali, Sofia; Papadouli, Christina; Maniaki, Myrto; Karatzinos, Theodoros; Rigos, George; Nengas, Ioannis; Panagiotaki, Panagiota; Golomazou, Eleni Detection of Mycotoxins in Aquaculture Feed Ingredients Using a Rapid FT-NIR Method Journal Article Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 14 (12), pp. 1–7, 2023, ISSN: 2155-9546. @article{vardali_detection_2024, title = {Detection of Mycotoxins in Aquaculture Feed Ingredients Using a Rapid FT-NIR Method}, author = {Sofia Vardali and Christina Papadouli and Myrto Maniaki and Theodoros Karatzinos and George Rigos and Ioannis Nengas and Panagiota Panagiotaki and Eleni Golomazou}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2023-Vardali-JAquaRD-69-2.pdf https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/abstract/detection-of-mycotoxins-in-aquaculture-feed-ingredients-using-a-rapid-ftnir-method-125229.html}, issn = {2155-9546}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-12-28}, urldate = {2024-01-18}, journal = {Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {1--7}, abstract = {Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different types of fungi. They are frequently present in fish feed ingredients and may negatively impact fish farming operations. In this study aquafeed ingredients collected from suppliers in Greece were spectrally analyzed with Fourier-transform Near Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR). Mycotoxin concentration was indirectly estimated by measuring the spectral absorption from organic compounds present in the samples. In the examined samples, Fumonisin B1 (FB1), Fumonisin B2 (FB2), Zearalenone (ZEN), and Deoxynivalenol (DON) were measured as the predominant mycotoxins, whereas Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) were not detected. Notably, all mycotoxin concentrations in aquafeed ingredients remained well below the Maximum Permitted Limits (MPL), affirming the safety of aquaculture feeds used in Greece in compliance with the relevant legislation. This underscores the importance of continuous monitoring of fish feed ingredients, given the presence of mycotoxins at low concentrations that may pose a threat to animal health. Moreover, the application of FT-NIR confirms that it is a valuable analytical tool for contaminant detection, offering distinct advantages compared to traditional analytical methods, including speed, cost-effectiveness, safety, and simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different types of fungi. They are frequently present in fish feed ingredients and may negatively impact fish farming operations. In this study aquafeed ingredients collected from suppliers in Greece were spectrally analyzed with Fourier-transform Near Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR). Mycotoxin concentration was indirectly estimated by measuring the spectral absorption from organic compounds present in the samples. In the examined samples, Fumonisin B1 (FB1), Fumonisin B2 (FB2), Zearalenone (ZEN), and Deoxynivalenol (DON) were measured as the predominant mycotoxins, whereas Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) were not detected. Notably, all mycotoxin concentrations in aquafeed ingredients remained well below the Maximum Permitted Limits (MPL), affirming the safety of aquaculture feeds used in Greece in compliance with the relevant legislation. This underscores the importance of continuous monitoring of fish feed ingredients, given the presence of mycotoxins at low concentrations that may pose a threat to animal health. Moreover, the application of FT-NIR confirms that it is a valuable analytical tool for contaminant detection, offering distinct advantages compared to traditional analytical methods, including speed, cost-effectiveness, safety, and simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters. |
Rigos, George; Padrós, Francesc; Golomazou, Eleni; Zarza, Carlos Reviews in Aquaculture, pp. raq.12857, 2023, ISSN: 1753-5123, 1753-5131. @article{rigos_antiparasitic_2023, title = {Antiparasitic approaches and strategies in European aquaculture, with emphasis on Mediterranean marine finfish farming: Present scenarios and future visions}, author = {George Rigos and Francesc Padrós and Eleni Golomazou and Carlos Zarza}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-Rigos-RevAqua-52.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/raq.12857}, doi = {10.1111/raq.12857}, issn = {1753-5123, 1753-5131}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-10-04}, urldate = {2023-10-12}, journal = {Reviews in Aquaculture}, pages = {raq.12857}, abstract = {Abstract Parasitic infections can be occasionally severe in the European marine aquaculture industry, including the Mediterranean region, as they can incur considerable financial losses. Due to the lack of commercial vaccines, therapeutic approaches seem the only measure to battle parasitic outbreaks. Integrated strategies and increased resilience of the hosts, may limit to some degree the level of infestation. Ectoparasitic therapy is traditionally based on baths, with few exceptions. Several antiparasitic compounds have been registered in European aquatic medicine to combat mainly salmon sea lice; however, few of them are readily used against Mediterranean fish parasites. Formalin and less commonly hydrogen peroxide baths are applied against ectoparasites in the Mediterranean region. Most of the registered anti‐lice antiparasitics have limited potential perhaps due to their adverse environmental impact. Future therapies against fish parasites will rely mainly on effective substances ensuring consumer, animal, and environmental welfare. Ideally, dietary antiparasitics such as praziquantel exhibiting mild environmental impact and high efficacy against a wide range of pathogens should be adopted. Moreover, combined strategies such as integrated pest management, involving various management practices with limited use of chemicals, should be a priority for specific parasitic outbreaks. The information presented in this review can guide future research and promote effective and prudent parasite control practices for Mediterranean‐farmed fish.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Parasitic infections can be occasionally severe in the European marine aquaculture industry, including the Mediterranean region, as they can incur considerable financial losses. Due to the lack of commercial vaccines, therapeutic approaches seem the only measure to battle parasitic outbreaks. Integrated strategies and increased resilience of the hosts, may limit to some degree the level of infestation. Ectoparasitic therapy is traditionally based on baths, with few exceptions. Several antiparasitic compounds have been registered in European aquatic medicine to combat mainly salmon sea lice; however, few of them are readily used against Mediterranean fish parasites. Formalin and less commonly hydrogen peroxide baths are applied against ectoparasites in the Mediterranean region. Most of the registered anti‐lice antiparasitics have limited potential perhaps due to their adverse environmental impact. Future therapies against fish parasites will rely mainly on effective substances ensuring consumer, animal, and environmental welfare. Ideally, dietary antiparasitics such as praziquantel exhibiting mild environmental impact and high efficacy against a wide range of pathogens should be adopted. Moreover, combined strategies such as integrated pest management, involving various management practices with limited use of chemicals, should be a priority for specific parasitic outbreaks. The information presented in this review can guide future research and promote effective and prudent parasite control practices for Mediterranean‐farmed fish. |
Rigos, George; Glaropoulos, Alexis; Tzokas, Kostantinos; Gourzioti, Evgenia; Kogiannou, Dimitra; Golomazou, Eleni Journal of Fish Diseases, pp. jfd.13854, 2023, ISSN: 0140-7775, 1365-2761. @article{rigos_field_2023, title = {A field evaluation of orally administered praziquantel against the gill fluke \textit{Sparicotyle chrysophrii} infecting gilthead seabream ( \textit{Sparus aurata} )}, author = {George Rigos and Alexis Glaropoulos and Kostantinos Tzokas and Evgenia Gourzioti and Dimitra Kogiannou and Eleni Golomazou}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-Rigos-JFD-pre-print-46.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jfd.13854}, doi = {10.1111/jfd.13854}, issn = {0140-7775, 1365-2761}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-09-08}, urldate = {2023-09-11}, journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases}, pages = {jfd.13854}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Kogiannou, Dimitra; Nikoloudaki, Chrysanthi; Valsamidi, Vasilia; Kotsiri, Mado; Golomazou, Eleni; Rigos, George Pharmacokinetics of praziquantel in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) plasma and gills Journal Article Aquaculture, 577 , pp. 739975, 2023, ISSN: 00448486. @article{kogiannou_pharmacokinetics_2023, title = {Pharmacokinetics of praziquantel in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) plasma and gills}, author = {Dimitra Kogiannou and Chrysanthi Nikoloudaki and Vasilia Valsamidi and Mado Kotsiri and Eleni Golomazou and George Rigos}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/2023-Kogiannou-AQUA-pre-print45.pdf https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044848623007494}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739975}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-09-06}, urldate = {2023-09-07}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {577}, pages = {739975}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Kotsiri, Mado; Panara, Anthi; Koupa, Anastasia; Gourzioti, Evgenia; Thomaidis, Nikolaos S; Rigos, George Preliminary measurements of formaldehyde in seawater and edible tissues of farmed gilthead seabream after formalin immersion Journal Article Mediterranean Marine Science, 24 (2), pp. 384–391, 2023, ISSN: 1791-6763, 1108-393X. @article{kotsiri_preliminary_2023, title = {Preliminary measurements of formaldehyde in seawater and edible tissues of farmed gilthead seabream after formalin immersion}, author = {Mado Kotsiri and Anthi Panara and Anastasia Koupa and Evgenia Gourzioti and Nikolaos S Thomaidis and George Rigos}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-Kotsiri-MMS-39.pdf https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/hcmr-med-mar-sc/article/view/33606}, doi = {10.12681/mms.33606}, issn = {1791-6763, 1108-393X}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-07-21}, urldate = {2023-07-21}, journal = {Mediterranean Marine Science}, volume = {24}, number = {2}, pages = {384--391}, abstract = {This study was performed to measure the possible persistence of formaldehyde, the active substance of formalin solution, in seawater and edible gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) tissues after a formalin bath. The trial was carried out during the summer period as parasitic infestations are of a high frequency. Water samples were taken within or at a short distance from the treatment cages, during and following formalin immersion. Fish fillets were also sampled at the same sampling points. Chromatographic analysis of water and tissue samples was performed with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). Measured formaldehyde concentrations in gilthead seabream fillets clearly showed no increase due to the immersion or advent of time. Formaldehyde measurements in seawater revealed that after formalin treatments negligible amounts of the substance remain in the aquatic environment and these values seem to be relatively unaffected by depth in the vicinity of the fish cages. Further research is required to investigate the formalin degradation cycle under Mediterranean seawater conditions, including more farm sites and temperature ranges.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study was performed to measure the possible persistence of formaldehyde, the active substance of formalin solution, in seawater and edible gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) tissues after a formalin bath. The trial was carried out during the summer period as parasitic infestations are of a high frequency. Water samples were taken within or at a short distance from the treatment cages, during and following formalin immersion. Fish fillets were also sampled at the same sampling points. Chromatographic analysis of water and tissue samples was performed with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). Measured formaldehyde concentrations in gilthead seabream fillets clearly showed no increase due to the immersion or advent of time. Formaldehyde measurements in seawater revealed that after formalin treatments negligible amounts of the substance remain in the aquatic environment and these values seem to be relatively unaffected by depth in the vicinity of the fish cages. Further research is required to investigate the formalin degradation cycle under Mediterranean seawater conditions, including more farm sites and temperature ranges. |
Mladineo, Ivona; Volpatti, Donatella; Beraldo, Paola; Rigos, George; Katharios, Pantelis; Padros, Francesc Monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii : The major pathogen of the Mediterranean gilthead seabream aquaculture Journal Article Reviews in Aquaculture, pp. raq.12839, 2023, ISSN: 1753-5123, 1753-5131. @article{mladineo_monogenean_2023, title = {Monogenean \textit{Sparicotyle chrysophrii} : The major pathogen of the Mediterranean gilthead seabream aquaculture}, author = {Ivona Mladineo and Donatella Volpatti and Paola Beraldo and George Rigos and Pantelis Katharios and Francesc Padros}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-Mladineo-RevAqua-33.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/raq.12839}, doi = {10.1111/raq.12839}, issn = {1753-5123, 1753-5131}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-06-26}, urldate = {2023-06-26}, journal = {Reviews in Aquaculture}, pages = {raq.12839}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Vardali, Sofia; Papadouli, Christina; Rigos, George; Nengas, Ioannis; Panagiotaki, Panagiota; Golomazou, Eleni Recent Advances in Mycotoxin Determination in Fish Feed Ingredients Journal Article Molecules, 28 (6), pp. 2519, 2023, ISSN: 1420-3049. @article{vardali_recent_2023, title = {Recent Advances in Mycotoxin Determination in Fish Feed Ingredients}, author = {Sofia Vardali and Christina Papadouli and George Rigos and Ioannis Nengas and Panagiota Panagiotaki and Eleni Golomazou}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-Vardali-Mol-15-1.pdf https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2519}, doi = {10.3390/molecules28062519}, issn = {1420-3049}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-03-13}, urldate = {2023-03-13}, journal = {Molecules}, volume = {28}, number = {6}, pages = {2519}, abstract = {Low-cost plant-based sources used in aquaculture diets are prone to the occurrence of animal feed contaminants, which may in certain conditions affect the quality and safety of aquafeeds. Mycotoxins, a toxic group of small organic molecules produced by fungi, comprise a frequently occurring plant-based feed contaminant in aquafeeds. Mycotoxin contamination can potentially cause significant mortality, reduced productivity, and higher disease susceptibility; thus, its timely detection is crucial to the aquaculture industry. The present review summarizes the methodological advances, developed mainly during the past decade, related to mycotoxin detection in aquafeed ingredients, namely analytical, chromatographic, and immunological methodologies, as well as the use of biosensors and spectroscopic methods which are becoming more prevalent. Rapid and accurate mycotoxin detection is and will continue to be crucial to the food industry, animal production, and the environment, resulting in further improvements and developments in mycotoxin detection techniques.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Low-cost plant-based sources used in aquaculture diets are prone to the occurrence of animal feed contaminants, which may in certain conditions affect the quality and safety of aquafeeds. Mycotoxins, a toxic group of small organic molecules produced by fungi, comprise a frequently occurring plant-based feed contaminant in aquafeeds. Mycotoxin contamination can potentially cause significant mortality, reduced productivity, and higher disease susceptibility; thus, its timely detection is crucial to the aquaculture industry. The present review summarizes the methodological advances, developed mainly during the past decade, related to mycotoxin detection in aquafeed ingredients, namely analytical, chromatographic, and immunological methodologies, as well as the use of biosensors and spectroscopic methods which are becoming more prevalent. Rapid and accurate mycotoxin detection is and will continue to be crucial to the food industry, animal production, and the environment, resulting in further improvements and developments in mycotoxin detection techniques. |
Rigos, George; Kogiannou, Dimitra Antimicrobial drugs in aquaculture: use and abuse Incollection Present Knowledge in Food Safety, pp. 142–161, Elsevier, 2023, ISBN: 9780128194706. @incollection{rigos_antimicrobial_2023, title = {Antimicrobial drugs in aquaculture: use and abuse}, author = {George Rigos and Dimitra Kogiannou}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022-Rigos-preprint-72.pdf https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128194706000275}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-819470-6.00027-5}, isbn = {9780128194706}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-02}, urldate = {2022-10-24}, booktitle = {Present Knowledge in Food Safety}, pages = {142--161}, publisher = {Elsevier}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {incollection} } |
2021 |
Kogiannou, Dimitra; Nikoloudaki, Chrysanthi; Katharios, Pantelis; Triga, Adriana; Rigos, George Evaluation of absorption and depletion of florfenicol in European seabass textitDicentrarchus labrax Journal Article Veterinary Medicine and Science, 7 (3), pp. 987–997, 2021, ISSN: 2053-1095, 2053-1095. @article{kogiannou_evaluation_2021, title = {Evaluation of absorption and depletion of florfenicol in European seabass textitDicentrarchus labrax}, author = {Dimitra Kogiannou and Chrysanthi Nikoloudaki and Pantelis Katharios and Adriana Triga and George Rigos}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-Kogiannou-VetMed-Sci-40.pdf https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/vms3.415}, doi = {10.1002/vms3.415}, issn = {2053-1095, 2053-1095}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-01}, urldate = {2021-06-24}, journal = {Veterinary Medicine and Science}, volume = {7}, number = {3}, pages = {987--997}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Rigos, George; Kogiannou, Dimitra; Vasilaki, Antigoni; Kotsiri, Mado Evaluation of Praziquantel Efficacy against Zeuxapta seriolae Infections in Greater Amberjack, Seriola dumerili Journal Article Applied Sciences, 11 (10), pp. 4656, 2021, ISSN: 2076-3417. @article{rigos_evaluation_2021, title = {Evaluation of Praziquantel Efficacy against Zeuxapta seriolae Infections in Greater Amberjack, Seriola dumerili}, author = {George Rigos and Dimitra Kogiannou and Antigoni Vasilaki and Mado Kotsiri}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-Rigos-ApllSciences-41l.pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4656}, doi = {10.3390/app11104656}, issn = {2076-3417}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-01}, urldate = {2021-06-24}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {10}, pages = {4656}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dietary praziquantel (PZQ), a promising fish anthelminthic, against Zeuxapta seriolae, a lethal ectoparasite of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili Risso) farmed in the Mediterranean and elsewhere. The trial was carried out in small cages (3 m3) in situ, harbouring fish (125 ± 14 g) naturally infected with Z. seriolae, at 25 ± 1 °C water temperature. Praziquantel-medicated diet (150 mg PZQ/kg fish) was delivered for three days against a control group. Measurement of both adults and oncomiracidia of Z. seriolae in sampled gill arches revealed significant differences between the tested groups (PZQ: 19.3 ± 9.8 vs. Control: 3.8 ± 6.3). Considering an estimated efficacy of 80.4% in the medicated fish, the present study indicates that oral PZQ treatments can confront Z. seriolae infections considerably in farmed greater amberjack and, perhaps, replace the commonly used hydrogen peroxidase baths.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dietary praziquantel (PZQ), a promising fish anthelminthic, against Zeuxapta seriolae, a lethal ectoparasite of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili Risso) farmed in the Mediterranean and elsewhere. The trial was carried out in small cages (3 m3) in situ, harbouring fish (125 ± 14 g) naturally infected with Z. seriolae, at 25 ± 1 °C water temperature. Praziquantel-medicated diet (150 mg PZQ/kg fish) was delivered for three days against a control group. Measurement of both adults and oncomiracidia of Z. seriolae in sampled gill arches revealed significant differences between the tested groups (PZQ: 19.3 ± 9.8 vs. Control: 3.8 ± 6.3). Considering an estimated efficacy of 80.4% in the medicated fish, the present study indicates that oral PZQ treatments can confront Z. seriolae infections considerably in farmed greater amberjack and, perhaps, replace the commonly used hydrogen peroxidase baths. |
Kogiannou, Dimitra; Nikoloudaki, Chrysanthi; Rigos, George Absorption and depletion of dietary administered praziquantel in greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili Journal Article Aquaculture, 535 , pp. 736354, 2021, ISSN: 00448486. @article{kogiannou_absorption_2021, title = {Absorption and depletion of dietary administered praziquantel in greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili}, author = {Dimitra Kogiannou and Chrysanthi Nikoloudaki and George Rigos}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044848621000168}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736354}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-01}, urldate = {2021-02-02}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {535}, pages = {736354}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Fioravanti, Maria Letizia; Gustinelli, Andrea; Rigos, George; Buchmann, Kurt; Caffara, Monica; Pascual, Santiago; Pardo, Miguel Ángel Negligible risk of zoonotic anisakid nematodes in farmed fish from European mariculture, 2016 to 2018 Journal Article Eurosurveillance, 26 (2), 2021, ISSN: 1560-7917. @article{fioravanti_negligible_2021, title = {Negligible risk of zoonotic anisakid nematodes in farmed fish from European mariculture, 2016 to 2018}, author = {Maria Letizia Fioravanti and Andrea Gustinelli and George Rigos and Kurt Buchmann and Monica Caffara and Santiago Pascual and Miguel Ángel Pardo}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2021-Fioravanti-Eurosurv-5.pdf https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.2.1900717}, doi = {10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.2.1900717}, issn = {1560-7917}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-01}, urldate = {2021-02-02}, journal = {Eurosurveillance}, volume = {26}, number = {2}, abstract = {Background The increasing demand for raw or undercooked fish products, supplied by both aquaculture and fisheries, raises concerns about the transmission risk to humans of zoonotic fish parasites. This has led to the current European Union (EU) Regulation No 1276/2011 amending Annex III of Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 and mandating a freezing treatment of such products. Zoonotic parasites, particularly anisakid larvae, have been well documented in wild fish. Data on their presence in European aquaculture products, however, are still scarce, except for Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), where the zoonotic risk was assessed as negligible, exempting it from freezing treatment. Aim To evaluate the zoonotic Anisakidae parasite risk in European farmed marine fish other than Atlantic salmon. Methods From 2016 to 2018 an observational parasitological survey was undertaken on 6,549 farmed fish including 2,753 gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ), 2,761 European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) and 1,035 turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) from 14 farms in Italy, Spain and Greece. Furthermore, 200 rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) sea-caged in Denmark, as well as 352 seabream and 290 seabass imported in Italy and Spain from other countries were examined. Fish were subjected to visual inspection and candling. Fresh visceral organs/fillet samples were artificially digested or UV pressed and visually examined for zoonotic anisakid larvae. Results No zoonotic parasites were found in any of the fish investigated. Conclusions The risk linked to zoonotic Anisakidae in the examined fish species from European mariculture appears negligible. This study laid the groundwork for considerations to amend the current EU regulation.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background The increasing demand for raw or undercooked fish products, supplied by both aquaculture and fisheries, raises concerns about the transmission risk to humans of zoonotic fish parasites. This has led to the current European Union (EU) Regulation No 1276/2011 amending Annex III of Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 and mandating a freezing treatment of such products. Zoonotic parasites, particularly anisakid larvae, have been well documented in wild fish. Data on their presence in European aquaculture products, however, are still scarce, except for Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), where the zoonotic risk was assessed as negligible, exempting it from freezing treatment. Aim To evaluate the zoonotic Anisakidae parasite risk in European farmed marine fish other than Atlantic salmon. Methods From 2016 to 2018 an observational parasitological survey was undertaken on 6,549 farmed fish including 2,753 gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ), 2,761 European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) and 1,035 turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) from 14 farms in Italy, Spain and Greece. Furthermore, 200 rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) sea-caged in Denmark, as well as 352 seabream and 290 seabass imported in Italy and Spain from other countries were examined. Fish were subjected to visual inspection and candling. Fresh visceral organs/fillet samples were artificially digested or UV pressed and visually examined for zoonotic anisakid larvae. Results No zoonotic parasites were found in any of the fish investigated. Conclusions The risk linked to zoonotic Anisakidae in the examined fish species from European mariculture appears negligible. This study laid the groundwork for considerations to amend the current EU regulation. |
2020 |
Kogiannou, Dimitra; Rigos, George Praziquantel depletion from muscle plus skin tissue of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) Journal Article Mediterranean Marine Science, 22 (1), pp. 121–124, 2020, ISSN: 1791-6763, 1108-393X, (AQUA). @article{kogiannou_praziquantel_2020, title = {Praziquantel depletion from muscle plus skin tissue of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)}, author = {Dimitra Kogiannou and George Rigos}, url = {https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/hcmr-med-mar-sc/article/view/25126}, doi = {10.12681/mms.25126}, issn = {1791-6763, 1108-393X}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-11-01}, urldate = {2022-01-17}, journal = {Mediterranean Marine Science}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {121--124}, abstract = {The depletion pattern of praziquantel (PZQ) from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) muscle plus skin was determined in this study. Fish averaging 100.2 ± 17.7 g and kept at 25oC received a PZQ-dosing of 150 mg/kg fish for 3 days. Muscle plus skin of each of ten fish were collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 days post-treatment. Depletion of PZQ from the edible gilthead sea bream tissues was rapid, as its concentrations declined to 0.04 μg/g as early as 24 h post-treatment, while was undetectable at 72 h. This information confirms the fact that PZQ is depleted fast from farmed animals including fish such as the gilthead sea bream and its levels in edible tissues failed below the detection limit in approximately 75 dd.}, note = {AQUA}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The depletion pattern of praziquantel (PZQ) from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) muscle plus skin was determined in this study. Fish averaging 100.2 ± 17.7 g and kept at 25oC received a PZQ-dosing of 150 mg/kg fish for 3 days. Muscle plus skin of each of ten fish were collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 days post-treatment. Depletion of PZQ from the edible gilthead sea bream tissues was rapid, as its concentrations declined to 0.04 μg/g as early as 24 h post-treatment, while was undetectable at 72 h. This information confirms the fact that PZQ is depleted fast from farmed animals including fish such as the gilthead sea bream and its levels in edible tissues failed below the detection limit in approximately 75 dd. |
Henry, Morgane A; Kokou, Fotini; Palenzuela, Oswaldo; Pyrenis, George; Rigos, George Folia Parasitologica, 67 , 2020, ISSN: 00155683, 18036465. @article{henry_experimental_2020, title = {Experimental infection model with the bivalvulid Enteromyxum leei (Myxidiidae) in the sharpsnout seabream, Diplodus puntazzo (Sparidae), and evaluation of the antiparasitic efficacy of a functional diet}, author = {Morgane A Henry and Fotini Kokou and Oswaldo Palenzuela and George Pyrenis and George Rigos}, url = {http://folia.paru.cas.cz/doi/10.14411/fp.2020.024.html}, doi = {10.14411/fp.2020.024}, issn = {00155683, 18036465}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-01}, urldate = {2020-12-08}, journal = {Folia Parasitologica}, volume = {67}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Rigos, George; Katharios, Pantelis; Kogiannou, Dimitra; Cascarano, Chiara M Infectious diseases and treatment solutions of farmed greater amberjack Seriola dumerili with particular emphasis in Mediterranean region Journal Article Reviews in Aquaculture, pp. raq.12476, 2020, ISSN: 1753-5123, 1753-5131. @article{rigos_infectious_2020, title = {Infectious diseases and treatment solutions of farmed greater amberjack Seriola dumerili with particular emphasis in Mediterranean region}, author = {George Rigos and Pantelis Katharios and Dimitra Kogiannou and Chiara M Cascarano}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/raq.12476}, doi = {10.1111/raq.12476}, issn = {1753-5123, 1753-5131}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-07-01}, urldate = {2020-09-02}, journal = {Reviews in Aquaculture}, pages = {raq.12476}, abstract = {Abstract Greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is a very promising candidate for the diversification of the Mediterranean aquaculture due to its high demand, excellent flesh quality and high market prices. Its production expansion has, however, failed so far, due to several bottlenecks mainly related to pathology. This review addresses the major pathogens, which hinder the culture of greater amberjack with special focus in the Mediterranean region, and highlights possible treatment solutions. Among the important recorded pathogens of caged greater amberjack in the Mediterranean, the gill monogenean Zeuxapta seriolae seems to be the most problematic, causing significant losses. While formalin immersions are inefficient to combat this parasite, baths with hydrogen peroxide are extremely effective and praziquantel administration could be a more practical in-feed treatment solution. The digenean blood flukes, Paradeontacylix spp., also account for important losses in greater amberjack farms in the same region. Dietary administration of praziquantel constitutes an effective therapeutic measure against those infections. Vibrio harveyi is also a bacterial pathogen severely affecting fish maintained both in land-based facilities and in cages, whereas Epitheliocystis is a disease reported frequently that can be fatal when it occurs at early stages. Skin flukes such as Benedenia seriolae and Neobenedenia girellae as well as other parasites bacteria and viruses mentioned herein, which have caused substantial losses in Asian enterprises, but have not been identified yet in greater amberjack farmed in the Mediterranean, should be considered as potential threats.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is a very promising candidate for the diversification of the Mediterranean aquaculture due to its high demand, excellent flesh quality and high market prices. Its production expansion has, however, failed so far, due to several bottlenecks mainly related to pathology. This review addresses the major pathogens, which hinder the culture of greater amberjack with special focus in the Mediterranean region, and highlights possible treatment solutions. Among the important recorded pathogens of caged greater amberjack in the Mediterranean, the gill monogenean Zeuxapta seriolae seems to be the most problematic, causing significant losses. While formalin immersions are inefficient to combat this parasite, baths with hydrogen peroxide are extremely effective and praziquantel administration could be a more practical in-feed treatment solution. The digenean blood flukes, Paradeontacylix spp., also account for important losses in greater amberjack farms in the same region. Dietary administration of praziquantel constitutes an effective therapeutic measure against those infections. Vibrio harveyi is also a bacterial pathogen severely affecting fish maintained both in land-based facilities and in cages, whereas Epitheliocystis is a disease reported frequently that can be fatal when it occurs at early stages. Skin flukes such as Benedenia seriolae and Neobenedenia girellae as well as other parasites bacteria and viruses mentioned herein, which have caused substantial losses in Asian enterprises, but have not been identified yet in greater amberjack farmed in the Mediterranean, should be considered as potential threats. |
Golomazou, E; Athanassopoulou, F; Vagianou, S; Sabatakou, O; Tsantilas, H; Rigos, G; Kokkokiris, L Diseases of white sea bream (Diplodus sargus L.) reared in experimental and commercial conditions in Greece Journal Article Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 30 , pp. 389 – 396, 2020. @article{golomazou_diseases_2020, title = {Diseases of white sea bream (Diplodus sargus L.) reared in experimental and commercial conditions in Greece}, author = {E Golomazou and F Athanassopoulou and S Vagianou and O Sabatakou and H Tsantilas and G Rigos and L Kokkokiris}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33750426535&partnerID=40&md5=4bc8f61cb354d45cda198a0c66ddd15c}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, journal = {Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences}, volume = {30}, pages = {389 -- 396}, abstract = {A bacteriological and parasitological study of the white sea bream, Diplodus sargus L., was conducted as this species is a potential candidate for aquaculture in Mediterranean countries. The study comprised fish reared in commercial cages (2 farms) located in different geographical localities, as well as fish reared experimentally in cages located in a natural enclosed lagoon. Fish were examined in the fresh state by means of smears from all internal and external organs and by histology. Microbiology was also performed at all sites. Mortality was low (12%) at farm 1 (Argolida), while at farm 2 (Korinth) and the lagoon it reached 32% and 42%, respectively. Microbial infections were low in prevalence and these concerned Vibrio anguillarum, V. alginoliticus and Pseudomonassp. The parasitic fauna comprised external Monogenea, Digenea and internal Myxosporida. Monogenea were present throughout the year at all locations, but at low intensity. Three species of Myxosporida were recorded in this study: Myxobolus sp. in the kidneys, Kudoa sp. in the musculature and Enteromyxum leeiin the intestine. Nephrocalcinosis was found in all sampled fish and this was suspected to be related to Myxobolus sp. infections. The study showed that D. sargusreared under captive conditions is prone to several parasitic and bacterial infections. Amongst them the most important in terms of pathology were the myxosporeans (Myxobolus sp. and Kudoa sp). These may play a role in the mortality observed, thus making this fish culture questionable in terms of cost effectiveness. © TÜBİTAK.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A bacteriological and parasitological study of the white sea bream, Diplodus sargus L., was conducted as this species is a potential candidate for aquaculture in Mediterranean countries. The study comprised fish reared in commercial cages (2 farms) located in different geographical localities, as well as fish reared experimentally in cages located in a natural enclosed lagoon. Fish were examined in the fresh state by means of smears from all internal and external organs and by histology. Microbiology was also performed at all sites. Mortality was low (12%) at farm 1 (Argolida), while at farm 2 (Korinth) and the lagoon it reached 32% and 42%, respectively. Microbial infections were low in prevalence and these concerned Vibrio anguillarum, V. alginoliticus and Pseudomonassp. The parasitic fauna comprised external Monogenea, Digenea and internal Myxosporida. Monogenea were present throughout the year at all locations, but at low intensity. Three species of Myxosporida were recorded in this study: Myxobolus sp. in the kidneys, Kudoa sp. in the musculature and Enteromyxum leeiin the intestine. Nephrocalcinosis was found in all sampled fish and this was suspected to be related to Myxobolus sp. infections. The study showed that D. sargusreared under captive conditions is prone to several parasitic and bacterial infections. Amongst them the most important in terms of pathology were the myxosporeans (Myxobolus sp. and Kudoa sp). These may play a role in the mortality observed, thus making this fish culture questionable in terms of cost effectiveness. © TÜBİTAK. |
Kokou, Fotini; Bastias, Roberto; Kokkari, Konstantina; Katharios, Pantelis; Cotou, Efthimia; Seimenis, Nikos; Vasilakis, Manolis; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Henry, Morgane; Rigos, George Surplus of dietary micronutrients promotes antioxidant defense and improves fin erosions in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fry Journal Article Aquaculture, 523 , pp. 735224, 2020, ISSN: 0044-8486. @article{kokou_surplus_2020, title = {Surplus of dietary micronutrients promotes antioxidant defense and improves fin erosions in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fry}, author = {Fotini Kokou and Roberto Bastias and Konstantina Kokkari and Pantelis Katharios and Efthimia Cotou and Nikos Seimenis and Manolis Vasilakis and Nikos Papandroulakis and Morgane Henry and George Rigos}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044848619330868}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735224}, issn = {0044-8486}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {523}, pages = {735224}, abstract = {Dietary micronutrient supplementation can serve as skin health promotor to prevent from natural infections and can be applied to decrease the use of antibacterial agents and their impact on the environment. Such supplementation has indicated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in farmed fish. In this study, dietary supplementation of zinc, selenium, ascorbic acid and niacin, at levels 2 to 3-fold higher than recommended, was evaluated as a measure to promote skin health and antioxidant defense in European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, fry. For this purpose, fish survival, growth performance, fin and skin erosions as well as whole-fish antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, selenium (Se)-independent and dependent glutathione peroxidase) were assessed. Moreover, bacterial load in the rearing water and skin mucus were evaluated to assess the potential of the dietary micronutrient mixture as a preventive from natural infections. A group fed with a diet including these micronutrients at recommended levels served as a control. Surplus of these micronutrients significantly reduced the percentage of fish with eroded fins, while also induced the activity of catalase and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase. Fish growth and bacterial loads in the water and fish skin mucus were not affected, whereas no skin lesions were observed. Overall, a mineral- and vitamin-supplemented diet at levels higher than recommended seems to act as a promotor of skin health and prevent from fin erosions, potentially through an increase in the antioxidant defense system.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dietary micronutrient supplementation can serve as skin health promotor to prevent from natural infections and can be applied to decrease the use of antibacterial agents and their impact on the environment. Such supplementation has indicated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in farmed fish. In this study, dietary supplementation of zinc, selenium, ascorbic acid and niacin, at levels 2 to 3-fold higher than recommended, was evaluated as a measure to promote skin health and antioxidant defense in European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, fry. For this purpose, fish survival, growth performance, fin and skin erosions as well as whole-fish antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, selenium (Se)-independent and dependent glutathione peroxidase) were assessed. Moreover, bacterial load in the rearing water and skin mucus were evaluated to assess the potential of the dietary micronutrient mixture as a preventive from natural infections. A group fed with a diet including these micronutrients at recommended levels served as a control. Surplus of these micronutrients significantly reduced the percentage of fish with eroded fins, while also induced the activity of catalase and Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase. Fish growth and bacterial loads in the water and fish skin mucus were not affected, whereas no skin lesions were observed. Overall, a mineral- and vitamin-supplemented diet at levels higher than recommended seems to act as a promotor of skin health and prevent from fin erosions, potentially through an increase in the antioxidant defense system. |
Henry, Morgane A; Fountoulaki, Eleni; Vasilaki, Antigoni; Rigos, George; Kokou, Fotini; Karalazos, Vasileios Aquaculture, 528 , pp. 735479, 2020, ISSN: 0044-8486. @article{henry_dietary_2020, title = {Dietary micronutrient supplementation in low fishmeal based diets for optimum growth and immune status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles}, author = {Morgane A Henry and Eleni Fountoulaki and Antigoni Vasilaki and George Rigos and Fotini Kokou and Vasileios Karalazos}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044848620312412}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735479}, issn = {0044-8486}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {528}, pages = {735479}, abstract = {The present study aimed to evaluate the optimal dietary micronutrient supplementation of plant-based diets for juvenile European sea bass. A 90-day feeding trial was performed, where fish were fed a high fishmeal (FM) based diet (62% DM; positive control) or low FM diets (12.5% FM and krill meal), supplemented with increasing levels of a micronutrient mixture (Nutrient Package, NP) consisting of vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients. The supplementation levels ranged from 0% (no supplementation, negative control) to 400%, where 100% supplementation level corresponded to the requirement levels recommended for other fish species. Fish growth and feed performance (SGR, DGI, FCR, PER) were significantly impaired at levels NP0 and NP25 compared to the FM control. Body Fe and Zn concentrations were positively affected by the graded levels of the NP, while Mn and Se concentrations remained stable. Growth parameters were particularly correlated to body Fe and Zn, while immune parameters were mainly correlated to body Zn. Significant immunosuppression was evidenced (concerning the respiratory burst activity) when low FM diets were not supplemented with NP. High inclusion levels of the NP showed a negative impact on lysozyme activity. Histological examinations did not reveal any significant effects on gills, gut and liver morphology. At identical NP supplementation level (50%), fish fed low and high FM diets showed similar growth and innate immunity suggesting that long-term feeding with plant-based diets do not significantly affect the fish when adequate minerals and vitamins supplementation is provided. Quadratic regression analysis showed that the inclusion of the NP between 260 and 300% improves growth and immune parameters of fish fed low-FM diets as well as Zn body incorporation. Overall, the present study suggested the positive impact of NP supplementation of PM-based diets on both fish growth and health but future NP could include less Mn, more Fe, closer to levels obtained in fish fed FM (245 mg·kg−1), and Zn at 122 mg·kg−1.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study aimed to evaluate the optimal dietary micronutrient supplementation of plant-based diets for juvenile European sea bass. A 90-day feeding trial was performed, where fish were fed a high fishmeal (FM) based diet (62% DM; positive control) or low FM diets (12.5% FM and krill meal), supplemented with increasing levels of a micronutrient mixture (Nutrient Package, NP) consisting of vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients. The supplementation levels ranged from 0% (no supplementation, negative control) to 400%, where 100% supplementation level corresponded to the requirement levels recommended for other fish species. Fish growth and feed performance (SGR, DGI, FCR, PER) were significantly impaired at levels NP0 and NP25 compared to the FM control. Body Fe and Zn concentrations were positively affected by the graded levels of the NP, while Mn and Se concentrations remained stable. Growth parameters were particularly correlated to body Fe and Zn, while immune parameters were mainly correlated to body Zn. Significant immunosuppression was evidenced (concerning the respiratory burst activity) when low FM diets were not supplemented with NP. High inclusion levels of the NP showed a negative impact on lysozyme activity. Histological examinations did not reveal any significant effects on gills, gut and liver morphology. At identical NP supplementation level (50%), fish fed low and high FM diets showed similar growth and innate immunity suggesting that long-term feeding with plant-based diets do not significantly affect the fish when adequate minerals and vitamins supplementation is provided. Quadratic regression analysis showed that the inclusion of the NP between 260 and 300% improves growth and immune parameters of fish fed low-FM diets as well as Zn body incorporation. Overall, the present study suggested the positive impact of NP supplementation of PM-based diets on both fish growth and health but future NP could include less Mn, more Fe, closer to levels obtained in fish fed FM (245 mg·kg−1), and Zn at 122 mg·kg−1. |
Rigos, George; Kogiannou, Dimitra; Padrós, Francesc; Cristòfol, Carles; Florio, Daniela; Fioravanti, Marialetizia; Zarza, Carlos Reviews in Aquaculture, pp. raq.12523, 2020, ISSN: 1753-5123, 1753-5131. @article{rigos_best_2020, title = {Best therapeutic practices for the use of antibacterial agents in finfish aquaculture: a particular view on European seabass ( textitDicentrarchus labrax ) and gilthead seabream ( textitSparus aurata ) in Mediterranean aquaculture}, author = {George Rigos and Dimitra Kogiannou and Francesc Padrós and Carles Cristòfol and Daniela Florio and Marialetizia Fioravanti and Carlos Zarza}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/raq.12523 https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-Rigos-RIAqua-56.pdf}, doi = {10.1111/raq.12523}, issn = {1753-5123, 1753-5131}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, urldate = {2020-12-29}, journal = {Reviews in Aquaculture}, pages = {raq.12523}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Aslam, Muhammad Luqman; Carraro, Roberta; Sonesson, Anna Kristina; Meuwissen, Theodorus; Tsigenopoulos, Costas S; Rigos, George; Bargelloni, Luca; Tzokas, Konstantinos Genetic Variation, GWAS and Accuracy of Prediction for Host Resistance to Sparicotyle chrysophrii in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Journal Article Frontiers in Genetics, 11 , pp. 594770, 2020, ISSN: 1664-8021. @article{aslam_genetic_2020, title = {Genetic Variation, GWAS and Accuracy of Prediction for Host Resistance to Sparicotyle chrysophrii in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)}, author = {Muhammad Luqman Aslam and Roberta Carraro and Anna Kristina Sonesson and Theodorus Meuwissen and Costas S Tsigenopoulos and George Rigos and Luca Bargelloni and Konstantinos Tzokas}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2020.594770/full https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/2020-Aslam-Frontiers-inGen-55.pdf}, doi = {10.3389/fgene.2020.594770}, issn = {1664-8021}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, urldate = {2020-12-29}, journal = {Frontiers in Genetics}, volume = {11}, pages = {594770}, abstract = {Gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) belongs to a group of teleost which has high importance in Mediterranean aquaculture industry. However, industrial production is increasingly compromised by an elevated outbreak of diseases in sea cages, especially a disease caused by monogeneans parasite Sparicotyle chrysophrii. This parasite mainly colonizes gill tissues of host and causes considerable economical losses with mortality and reduction in growth. The aim of current study was to explore the genetics of host resistance against S. chrysophrii and investigate the potential for genomic selection to possibly accelerate genetic progress. To achieve the desired goals, a test population derived from the breeding nucleus of Andromeda Group was produced. This experimental population was established by crossing of parents mated in partial factorial crosses of ∼8 × 8 using 58 sires and 62 dams. The progeny obtained from this mating design was challenged with S. chrysophrii using a controllable cohabitation infection model. At the end of the challenge, fish were recorded for parasite count, and all the recorded fish were tissue sampled for genotyping by sequencing using 2b-RAD methodology. The initial (before challenge test) and the final body weight (after challenge test) of the fish were also recorded. The results obtained through the analysis of phenotypic records ( n = 615) and the genotypic data ( n = 841, 724 offspring and 117 parents) revealed that the resistance against this parasite is lowly heritable ( h 2 = 0.147 with pedigree and 0.137 with genomic information). We observed moderately favorable genetic correlation ( R g = −0.549 to −0.807) between production traits (i.e., body weight and specific growth rate) and parasite count, which signals a possibility of indirect selection. A locus at linkage group 17 was identified that surpassed chromosome-wide Bonferroni threshold which explained 22.68% of the total genetic variance, and might be playing role in producing genetic variation. The accuracy of prediction was improved by 8% with genomic information compared to pedigree.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) belongs to a group of teleost which has high importance in Mediterranean aquaculture industry. However, industrial production is increasingly compromised by an elevated outbreak of diseases in sea cages, especially a disease caused by monogeneans parasite Sparicotyle chrysophrii. This parasite mainly colonizes gill tissues of host and causes considerable economical losses with mortality and reduction in growth. The aim of current study was to explore the genetics of host resistance against S. chrysophrii and investigate the potential for genomic selection to possibly accelerate genetic progress. To achieve the desired goals, a test population derived from the breeding nucleus of Andromeda Group was produced. This experimental population was established by crossing of parents mated in partial factorial crosses of ∼8 × 8 using 58 sires and 62 dams. The progeny obtained from this mating design was challenged with S. chrysophrii using a controllable cohabitation infection model. At the end of the challenge, fish were recorded for parasite count, and all the recorded fish were tissue sampled for genotyping by sequencing using 2b-RAD methodology. The initial (before challenge test) and the final body weight (after challenge test) of the fish were also recorded. The results obtained through the analysis of phenotypic records ( n = 615) and the genotypic data ( n = 841, 724 offspring and 117 parents) revealed that the resistance against this parasite is lowly heritable ( h 2 = 0.147 with pedigree and 0.137 with genomic information). We observed moderately favorable genetic correlation ( R g = −0.549 to −0.807) between production traits (i.e., body weight and specific growth rate) and parasite count, which signals a possibility of indirect selection. A locus at linkage group 17 was identified that surpassed chromosome-wide Bonferroni threshold which explained 22.68% of the total genetic variance, and might be playing role in producing genetic variation. The accuracy of prediction was improved by 8% with genomic information compared to pedigree. |
Kogiannou, Dimitra; Rigos, George Depletion of praziquantel from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) muscle plus skin Journal Article Medit. Mar. Sci., 2020, ISSN: 1791-6763, 1108-393X. @article{kogiannou_depletion_2020, title = {Depletion of praziquantel from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) muscle plus skin}, author = {Dimitra Kogiannou and George Rigos}, url = {https://ejournals.epublishing.ekt.gr/index.php/hcmr-med-mar-sc/article/view/25126}, doi = {10.12681/mms.25126}, issn = {1791-6763, 1108-393X}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, urldate = {2021-02-24}, journal = {Medit. Mar. Sci.}, abstract = {The depletion pattern of praziquantel (PZQ) from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) muscle plus skin was determined in this study. Fish averaging 100.2 ± 17.7 g and kept at 25oC received a PZQ-dosing of 150 mg/kg fish for 3 days. Muscle plus skin of each of ten fish were collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 days post-treatment. Depletion of PZQ from the edible gilthead sea bream tissues was rapid, as its concentrations declined to 0.04 μg/g as early as 24 h post-treatment, while was undetectable at 72 h. This information confirms the fact that PZQ is depleted fast from farmed animals including fish such as the gilthead sea bream and its levels in edible tissues failed below the detection limit in approximately 75 dd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The depletion pattern of praziquantel (PZQ) from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) muscle plus skin was determined in this study. Fish averaging 100.2 ± 17.7 g and kept at 25oC received a PZQ-dosing of 150 mg/kg fish for 3 days. Muscle plus skin of each of ten fish were collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 days post-treatment. Depletion of PZQ from the edible gilthead sea bream tissues was rapid, as its concentrations declined to 0.04 μg/g as early as 24 h post-treatment, while was undetectable at 72 h. This information confirms the fact that PZQ is depleted fast from farmed animals including fish such as the gilthead sea bream and its levels in edible tissues failed below the detection limit in approximately 75 dd. |
2017 |
Kokou, F; Sarropoulou, E; Cotou, E; Kentouri, M; Alexis, M; Rigos, G Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 64 , pp. 111–121, 2017, ISSN: 10504648, (Publisher: Academic Press). @article{kokou_effects_2017, title = {Effects of graded dietary levels of soy protein concentrate supplemented with methionine and phosphate on the immune and antioxidant responses of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)}, author = {F Kokou and E Sarropoulou and E Cotou and M Kentouri and M Alexis and G Rigos}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015366036&doi=10.1016%2fj.fsi.2017.03.017&partnerID=40&md5=248a8c59f873e9dfc679de05a6cbcdfb}, doi = {10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.017}, issn = {10504648}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Fish and Shellfish Immunology}, volume = {64}, pages = {111--121}, abstract = {The effects of a dietary soy protein concentrate (SPC) as a fish meal (FM) substitute, on selected innate immune responses, the oxidative status, hepatic and intestinal morphology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, were evaluated after a three-month feeding trial. Isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isoenergetic (23 kJ/g gross energy) diets with 20% (SPC20), 40% (SPC40) and 60% (SPC60) of SPC inclusion, supplemented with methionine and phosphate, were evaluated against a diet containing FM as the sole protein source. Diets were allocated in triplicate groups of 26-g fish (8 kg m−3/tank) and administered for three months. Immune responses were evaluated by performing immunological assays in blood (respiratory burst activity) and serum (myeloperoxidase content, bacteriolytic and lysozyme activity), as well as by gene expression analysis of immune-associated genes (MHCIIα, β2m, CSF-1R, NCCRP-1, TGF-β1, HSP70) in the head kidney and distal intestine. In addition, oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the activity of liver enzymes associated with the antioxidant system. The respiratory burst activity of blood was significantly decreased in the SPC40 group, while serum myeloperoxidase content and bacteriolytic and lysozyme activities were affected. Significantly higher expression levels of NCCRP-1 and HSP70 were found in SPC60 head kidneys, while increased intestinal MHCIIα and NCCRP-1 transcripts were observed in SPC40. Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase was significantly enhanced in the SPC40 and SPC60 groups, while superoxide dismutase activity was increased only in the SPC40 group. Moreover, increased lipid accumulation in the enterocytes of the distal intestine was observed in the SPC60 group. Overall, a three-month feeding period with diets over 40% of dietary SPC inclusion as a FM substitute, indicated increases on immune and antioxidant enzyme responses, suggesting the dietary SPC levels that gilthead sea bream can tolerate. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd}, note = {Publisher: Academic Press}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The effects of a dietary soy protein concentrate (SPC) as a fish meal (FM) substitute, on selected innate immune responses, the oxidative status, hepatic and intestinal morphology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, were evaluated after a three-month feeding trial. Isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isoenergetic (23 kJ/g gross energy) diets with 20% (SPC20), 40% (SPC40) and 60% (SPC60) of SPC inclusion, supplemented with methionine and phosphate, were evaluated against a diet containing FM as the sole protein source. Diets were allocated in triplicate groups of 26-g fish (8 kg m−3/tank) and administered for three months. Immune responses were evaluated by performing immunological assays in blood (respiratory burst activity) and serum (myeloperoxidase content, bacteriolytic and lysozyme activity), as well as by gene expression analysis of immune-associated genes (MHCIIα, β2m, CSF-1R, NCCRP-1, TGF-β1, HSP70) in the head kidney and distal intestine. In addition, oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the activity of liver enzymes associated with the antioxidant system. The respiratory burst activity of blood was significantly decreased in the SPC40 group, while serum myeloperoxidase content and bacteriolytic and lysozyme activities were affected. Significantly higher expression levels of NCCRP-1 and HSP70 were found in SPC60 head kidneys, while increased intestinal MHCIIα and NCCRP-1 transcripts were observed in SPC40. Hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase was significantly enhanced in the SPC40 and SPC60 groups, while superoxide dismutase activity was increased only in the SPC40 group. Moreover, increased lipid accumulation in the enterocytes of the distal intestine was observed in the SPC60 group. Overall, a three-month feeding period with diets over 40% of dietary SPC inclusion as a FM substitute, indicated increases on immune and antioxidant enzyme responses, suggesting the dietary SPC levels that gilthead sea bream can tolerate. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd |
Fountoulaki, E; Grigorakis, K; Kounna, C; Rigos, G; Papandroulakis, N; Diakogeorgakis, J; Kokou, F Growth performance and product quality of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) fed diets of different protein/lipid levels at industrial scale Journal Article Italian Journal of Animal Science, 16 (4), pp. 685–694, 2017, ISSN: 15944077, (Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd.). @article{fountoulaki_growth_2017, title = {Growth performance and product quality of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) fed diets of different protein/lipid levels at industrial scale}, author = {E Fountoulaki and K Grigorakis and C Kounna and G Rigos and N Papandroulakis and J Diakogeorgakis and F Kokou}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031429178&doi=10.1080%2f1828051X.2017.1305259&partnerID=40&md5=00a307713794256023244d2994240e65}, doi = {10.1080/1828051X.2017.1305259}, issn = {15944077}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Italian Journal of Animal Science}, volume = {16}, number = {4}, pages = {685--694}, abstract = {The rearing of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) up to commercial sizes, using diets of different protein/lipid ratios, was examined in two long-term trials. In the first 2 × 2 trial, four diets containing two protein (43% and 47%) and two lipid levels (15% and 20%) were evaluated in fish of 350 g initial weight. Fish were reared for 8 months in triplicate experimental cages, up to final weight of 900g. Growth performance showed that diets containing 43% protein were the most appropriate, as indicated by the better thermal growth coefficient (TGC): 0.70 and 0.71 (vs. 0.61 and 0.53 for 47/15 and 47/20 diets) and better daily growth index DGI: 0.91 and 1.00 (vs. 0.88 and 0.79 for 47/15 and 47/20, respectively). Liver fat did not differ among groups, but liver glycogen in the 43/15 dietary group was found to be significantly higher than the 47/20 (3.89% vs 1.88%). The histological examinations revealed a trend for increased lipid deposition when fish were fed high fat diets. Diets that performed best, namely 43/15 and 43/20, were used in a second trial conducted at a commercial fish farm. Fish weighing 520g were reared for 7 months up to 1100 g final weight. No significant differences were observed in the growth parameters examined. The feed conversion ratio was found to be better in the 43/20 diet compared to the 43/15 (1.58 vs. 1.68, respectively). The dietary fat levels significantly affected fillet fat content. However, such difference in nutritional content was not reflected in human-perceived sensory differences. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.}, note = {Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The rearing of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) up to commercial sizes, using diets of different protein/lipid ratios, was examined in two long-term trials. In the first 2 × 2 trial, four diets containing two protein (43% and 47%) and two lipid levels (15% and 20%) were evaluated in fish of 350 g initial weight. Fish were reared for 8 months in triplicate experimental cages, up to final weight of 900g. Growth performance showed that diets containing 43% protein were the most appropriate, as indicated by the better thermal growth coefficient (TGC): 0.70 and 0.71 (vs. 0.61 and 0.53 for 47/15 and 47/20 diets) and better daily growth index DGI: 0.91 and 1.00 (vs. 0.88 and 0.79 for 47/15 and 47/20, respectively). Liver fat did not differ among groups, but liver glycogen in the 43/15 dietary group was found to be significantly higher than the 47/20 (3.89% vs 1.88%). The histological examinations revealed a trend for increased lipid deposition when fish were fed high fat diets. Diets that performed best, namely 43/15 and 43/20, were used in a second trial conducted at a commercial fish farm. Fish weighing 520g were reared for 7 months up to 1100 g final weight. No significant differences were observed in the growth parameters examined. The feed conversion ratio was found to be better in the 43/20 diet compared to the 43/15 (1.58 vs. 1.68, respectively). The dietary fat levels significantly affected fillet fat content. However, such difference in nutritional content was not reflected in human-perceived sensory differences. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. |
Smyrli, M; Prapas, A; Rigos, G; Kokkari, C; Pavlidis, M; Katharios, P Fish Pathology, 52 (2), pp. 68–81, 2017, ISSN: 0388788X, (Publisher: Japanese Society of Fish Pathology). @article{smyrli_aeromonas_2017, title = {Aeromonas veronii infection associated with high morbidity and mortality in farmed European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax in the Aegean Sea, Greece}, author = {M Smyrli and A Prapas and G Rigos and C Kokkari and M Pavlidis and P Katharios}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85022184875&doi=10.3147%2fjsfp.52.68&partnerID=40&md5=d4e9a7e3342b0d17ae8291af235a0206}, doi = {10.3147/jsfp.52.68}, issn = {0388788X}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Fish Pathology}, volume = {52}, number = {2}, pages = {68--81}, abstract = {In the present study, we examined a disease caused by Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria in sea cage-farmed European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, in the Aegean Sea, Greece. Commercial sized fish were affected by A. veronii bv. sobria and exhibited high morbidity and mortality. Gross pathologic features and histology revealed a systemic infection characterized by the presence of abscesses and chronic granulomatous inflammation. Two clinical bacterial isolates (Aero NS and Aero PDB) were identified as A. veronii bv. sobria based on bacteriological characteristics and sequence analysis for 16S rRNA and gyrB genes. Infectivity tests in the form of intraperitoneal injection administration (Aero NS) and immersion in a bacterial suspension (Aero NS and Aero PDB) revealed that both isolates could cause clinical signs similar to those observed in the field and high mortality rate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. veronii bv. sobria isolated from farmed European seabass in the Mediterranean Sea accompanied by supporting data of its pathogenicity. © 2017 The Japanese Society of Fish Pathology.}, note = {Publisher: Japanese Society of Fish Pathology}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the present study, we examined a disease caused by Aeromonas veronii bv. sobria in sea cage-farmed European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax, in the Aegean Sea, Greece. Commercial sized fish were affected by A. veronii bv. sobria and exhibited high morbidity and mortality. Gross pathologic features and histology revealed a systemic infection characterized by the presence of abscesses and chronic granulomatous inflammation. Two clinical bacterial isolates (Aero NS and Aero PDB) were identified as A. veronii bv. sobria based on bacteriological characteristics and sequence analysis for 16S rRNA and gyrB genes. Infectivity tests in the form of intraperitoneal injection administration (Aero NS) and immersion in a bacterial suspension (Aero NS and Aero PDB) revealed that both isolates could cause clinical signs similar to those observed in the field and high mortality rate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. veronii bv. sobria isolated from farmed European seabass in the Mediterranean Sea accompanied by supporting data of its pathogenicity. © 2017 The Japanese Society of Fish Pathology. |
2016 |
Kokou, F; Rigos, G; Kentouri, Maroudio; Alexis, Maria Effects of dietary soy protein concentrate on growth performance and intestinal enzyme activity of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). Journal Article Aquaculture International, 24 , pp. 257–271, 2016. @article{kokou_effects_2016, title = {Effects of dietary soy protein concentrate on growth performance and intestinal enzyme activity of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.).}, author = {F Kokou and G Rigos and Maroudio Kentouri and Maria Alexis}, doi = {10.1007/s10499-015-9923-6}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture International}, volume = {24}, pages = {257--271}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Rigos, G; Mladineo, I; Nikoloudaki, C; Vrbatovic, A; Kogiannou, D Folia Parasitologica, 63 , 2016, ISSN: 00155683, (Publisher: Czech Academy of Sciences). @article{rigos_application_2016, title = {Application of compound mixture of caprylic acid, iron and mannan oligosaccharide against Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata}, author = {G Rigos and I Mladineo and C Nikoloudaki and A Vrbatovic and D Kogiannou}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019231071&doi=10.14411%2ffp.2016.027&partnerID=40&md5=5b741f866a7cc8a0e42e3efe344fce51}, doi = {10.14411/fp.2016.027}, issn = {00155683}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Folia Parasitologica}, volume = {63}, abstract = {We have evaluated the therapeutic effect of a compound mixture of caprylic acid (200 mg/kg fish), organic iron (0.2% of diet) and mannan oligosaccharide (0.4% of diet) in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata Linnaeus, infected with Sparicotyle chrysophrii Beneden et Hesse, 1863 in controlled conditions. One hundred and ten reared and S. chrysophrii-free fish (197 g) located in a cement tank were infected by the parasite two weeks following the addition of 150 S. chrysophrii-infected fish (70 g). Growth parameters and gill parasitic load were measured in treated against control fish after a ten-week-period. Differences in final weight, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and feed efficiency were not statistically significant between the experimental groups, suggesting no evident effect with respect to fish growth during the study period. Although the prevalence of S. chrysophrii was not affected by the mixture at the end of the experiment, the number of adults and larvae was significantly lower. The mean intensity encompassing the number of adults and larvae was 8.1 in treated vs 17.7 in control fish. Individual comparisons of gill arches showed that the preferred parasitism site for S. chrysophrii it the outermost or fourth gill arch, consistently apparent in fish fed the modified diet and in control fish. In conclusion, the combined application of caprylic acid, organic iron and mannan oligosaccharide can significantly affect the evolution of infection with S. chrysophrii in gilthead sea bream, being capable of reducing adult and larval stages of the monogenean. However, no difference in growth improvement was observed after the trial period, potentially leaving space for further optimisation of the added dietary compounds. © Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS.}, note = {Publisher: Czech Academy of Sciences}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We have evaluated the therapeutic effect of a compound mixture of caprylic acid (200 mg/kg fish), organic iron (0.2% of diet) and mannan oligosaccharide (0.4% of diet) in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata Linnaeus, infected with Sparicotyle chrysophrii Beneden et Hesse, 1863 in controlled conditions. One hundred and ten reared and S. chrysophrii-free fish (197 g) located in a cement tank were infected by the parasite two weeks following the addition of 150 S. chrysophrii-infected fish (70 g). Growth parameters and gill parasitic load were measured in treated against control fish after a ten-week-period. Differences in final weight, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and feed efficiency were not statistically significant between the experimental groups, suggesting no evident effect with respect to fish growth during the study period. Although the prevalence of S. chrysophrii was not affected by the mixture at the end of the experiment, the number of adults and larvae was significantly lower. The mean intensity encompassing the number of adults and larvae was 8.1 in treated vs 17.7 in control fish. Individual comparisons of gill arches showed that the preferred parasitism site for S. chrysophrii it the outermost or fourth gill arch, consistently apparent in fish fed the modified diet and in control fish. In conclusion, the combined application of caprylic acid, organic iron and mannan oligosaccharide can significantly affect the evolution of infection with S. chrysophrii in gilthead sea bream, being capable of reducing adult and larval stages of the monogenean. However, no difference in growth improvement was observed after the trial period, potentially leaving space for further optimisation of the added dietary compounds. © Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre CAS. |
2015 |
Kokou, F; Sarropoulou, E; Cotou, E; Rigos, G; Henry, M; Alexis, M; Kentouri, M Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 46 (2), pp. 115–128, 2015, ISSN: 08938849, (Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Inc.). @article{kokou_effects_2015, title = {Effects of fish meal replacement by a soybean protein on growth, histology, selected immune and oxidative status markers of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata}, author = {F Kokou and E Sarropoulou and E Cotou and G Rigos and M Henry and M Alexis and M Kentouri}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925962477&doi=10.1111%2fjwas.12181&partnerID=40&md5=8968f20ba7b477a763db252568770b94}, doi = {10.1111/jwas.12181}, issn = {08938849}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Journal of the World Aquaculture Society}, volume = {46}, number = {2}, pages = {115--128}, abstract = {The purpose of the trial was to study the impact of a 6-mo dietary administration of soybean protein on growth, liver and intestine morphology, immune response, and oxidative stress in gilthead sea bream. The immune response was evaluated by performing immunological assays in blood, head kidney (HK), or serum (respiratory burst activity [RBA], myeloperoxidase content and bacteriolytic activity) and gene expression analysis of immune-associated genes (MHCIIα [major histocompatibility complex IIα], β2m [β-2-microglobulin], CSF-1R [colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor], NCCRP-1 [nonspecific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1], TGF-β1 [transforming growth factor beta-1], and HSP70 [heat-shock protein 70]) in HK and intestine. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the activity of liver enzymes associated with antioxidant system. The soybean protein was administrated in the diets at 20, 40, and 60% levels and its effects were evaluated compared with a fish meal diet. Growth and feed efficiency were affected negatively from 40% level. Increased RBA and expression levels of TGF-β1 and β2m were found in HK only at 40% level. In intestine, at 60% level CSF-1R expression was upregulated and some signs of inflammation were evident. In liver, at 60% level lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was observed and enzyme activity was increased. Dietary administration of soybean protein indicated changes from 40% in growth and immune response, and exerted an antioxidative effect at 60% level. © by the World Aquaculture Society 2015.}, note = {Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Inc.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of the trial was to study the impact of a 6-mo dietary administration of soybean protein on growth, liver and intestine morphology, immune response, and oxidative stress in gilthead sea bream. The immune response was evaluated by performing immunological assays in blood, head kidney (HK), or serum (respiratory burst activity [RBA], myeloperoxidase content and bacteriolytic activity) and gene expression analysis of immune-associated genes (MHCIIα [major histocompatibility complex IIα], β2m [β-2-microglobulin], CSF-1R [colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor], NCCRP-1 [nonspecific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1], TGF-β1 [transforming growth factor beta-1], and HSP70 [heat-shock protein 70]) in HK and intestine. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the activity of liver enzymes associated with antioxidant system. The soybean protein was administrated in the diets at 20, 40, and 60% levels and its effects were evaluated compared with a fish meal diet. Growth and feed efficiency were affected negatively from 40% level. Increased RBA and expression levels of TGF-β1 and β2m were found in HK only at 40% level. In intestine, at 60% level CSF-1R expression was upregulated and some signs of inflammation were evident. In liver, at 60% level lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was observed and enzyme activity was increased. Dietary administration of soybean protein indicated changes from 40% in growth and immune response, and exerted an antioxidative effect at 60% level. © by the World Aquaculture Society 2015. |
Rigos, G; Henry, M; Tsigenopoulos, C Sparicotyle chrysophrii and gilthead sea bream - Potential experimental infection model Journal Article Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 35 (2), pp. 50–54, 2015, ISSN: 01080288, (Publisher: FRS Marine Laboratory). @article{rigos_sparicotyle_2015, title = {Sparicotyle chrysophrii and gilthead sea bream - Potential experimental infection model}, author = {G Rigos and M Henry and C Tsigenopoulos}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930162854&partnerID=40&md5=0a11a3004542dd5972bac0241c2a571e}, issn = {01080288}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists}, volume = {35}, number = {2}, pages = {50--54}, abstract = {An infection model of gilthead sea bream challenged with the monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii is described herein. Its design aimed to simulate the pathogenesis in situ. One thousand farmed fish (16 g) in a cement tank were heavily infected by adult parasites two weeks following the transfer of the 250 donor fish (50 g). Anorexia, lethargy and anaemia along with 15 % cumulatively mortalities were observed. A parasitological analysis carried out at end of the experiment (12 weeks) revealed that 7 % of the examined population was pathogen free and the mean intensity was 6.4 parasites/ fish. Surprisingly, growth reduction of infected fish was not correlated with the parasitic load, perhaps due to the unfavourable feeding ground for the parasite in anaemic small fish. Overall, the described infection pattern resembles the characteristics of the disease seen in the field and could be ideally adopted in controlled environments.}, note = {Publisher: FRS Marine Laboratory}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An infection model of gilthead sea bream challenged with the monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii is described herein. Its design aimed to simulate the pathogenesis in situ. One thousand farmed fish (16 g) in a cement tank were heavily infected by adult parasites two weeks following the transfer of the 250 donor fish (50 g). Anorexia, lethargy and anaemia along with 15 % cumulatively mortalities were observed. A parasitological analysis carried out at end of the experiment (12 weeks) revealed that 7 % of the examined population was pathogen free and the mean intensity was 6.4 parasites/ fish. Surprisingly, growth reduction of infected fish was not correlated with the parasitic load, perhaps due to the unfavourable feeding ground for the parasite in anaemic small fish. Overall, the described infection pattern resembles the characteristics of the disease seen in the field and could be ideally adopted in controlled environments. |
Henry, M A; Nikoloudaki, C; Tsigenopoulos, C; Rigos, G Strong effect of long-term Sparicotyle chrysophrii infection on the cellular and innate immune responses of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata Journal Article Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 51 (1), pp. 185–193, 2015, ISSN: 0145305X, (Publisher: Elsevier Ltd). @article{henry_strong_2015, title = {Strong effect of long-term Sparicotyle chrysophrii infection on the cellular and innate immune responses of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata}, author = {M A Henry and C Nikoloudaki and C Tsigenopoulos and G Rigos}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84926678862&doi=10.1016%2fj.dci.2015.03.010&partnerID=40&md5=174b70c31d6b753405608c4b64bd6416}, doi = {10.1016/j.dci.2015.03.010}, issn = {0145305X}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Developmental and Comparative Immunology}, volume = {51}, number = {1}, pages = {185--193}, abstract = {One thousand healthy recipient gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, cohabited with 250 donor fish parasitized by Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Van Beneden and Hesse, 1963) (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea), a common parasite of the gills of this fish species. Controls consisted of 1000 healthy fish kept in a separate tank. After 10 weeks, fish were weighed and parasite load, hemoglobin concentration and immunological parameters were assessed. Rather than the absence of parasite, hemoglobin concentration was a better marker of the health status of the fish, because S. . chrysophrii had detached from the strongly anemic gills of some animals leaving fish with affected immune system but without parasites. The parasite infection seemed to trigger a cellular response of the fish immune system but to inhibit its humoral components. Thus, parasitized fish may control the parasite infection through the action of reactive oxygen species but they may become more sensitive to potential secondary bacterial or parasitical infections. This phenomenon was demonstrated not only through significant differences between recipient and control fish but also through strong correlations between those parameters and parasite load, fish weight and/or hemoglobin concentration. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.}, note = {Publisher: Elsevier Ltd}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } One thousand healthy recipient gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, cohabited with 250 donor fish parasitized by Sparicotyle chrysophrii (Van Beneden and Hesse, 1963) (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea), a common parasite of the gills of this fish species. Controls consisted of 1000 healthy fish kept in a separate tank. After 10 weeks, fish were weighed and parasite load, hemoglobin concentration and immunological parameters were assessed. Rather than the absence of parasite, hemoglobin concentration was a better marker of the health status of the fish, because S. . chrysophrii had detached from the strongly anemic gills of some animals leaving fish with affected immune system but without parasites. The parasite infection seemed to trigger a cellular response of the fish immune system but to inhibit its humoral components. Thus, parasitized fish may control the parasite infection through the action of reactive oxygen species but they may become more sensitive to potential secondary bacterial or parasitical infections. This phenomenon was demonstrated not only through significant differences between recipient and control fish but also through strong correlations between those parameters and parasite load, fish weight and/or hemoglobin concentration. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. |
Rigos, G; Smith, P A critical approach on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dose optimisation and withdrawal times of oxytetracycline in aquaculture Journal Article Reviews in Aquaculture, 5 , pp. 1–30, 2015. @article{rigos_critical_2015, title = {A critical approach on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dose optimisation and withdrawal times of oxytetracycline in aquaculture}, author = {G Rigos and P Smith}, doi = {10.1111/raq.12055}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Reviews in Aquaculture}, volume = {5}, pages = {1--30}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2013 |
Rigos, G; Karagouni, E; Kyriazis, I; Athanasiou, E; Grigorakis, K; Kotou, E; Katharios, P In vitro and in vivo evaluation of quinine in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata naturally infected with the ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans Journal Article Aquaculture, 416-417 , pp. 185–191, 2013, ISSN: 00448486. @article{rigos_vitro_2013, title = {In vitro and in vivo evaluation of quinine in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata naturally infected with the ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans}, author = {G Rigos and E Karagouni and I Kyriazis and E Athanasiou and K Grigorakis and E Kotou and P Katharios}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884939051&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2013.09.021&partnerID=40&md5=0f7732d82be918191ceed6ca9f8115d8}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.09.021}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {416-417}, pages = {185--191}, abstract = {The use of quinine as a potential antiparasitic compound was evaluated at cellular level and in naturally infected gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata with the ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans. Quinine concentrations up to 10. μg/ml (30. μΜ) did not exhibit any in vitro hemolytic or pro-apoptotic effects on red blood cells or head kidney macrophages, respectively. Dietary administration of quinine in gilthead sea bream at a concentration of 100. mg/kg fish for 10. days was incomplete due to palatability problems after the fifth day post treatment. A decreasing distribution profile of quinine was evident in the analyzed tissues even during the period where quinine consumption was supposedly ensured. The highest concentrations were measured on day 1 reaching 8.98. ±. 3.85. μg/ml (27. μΜ), 1.33. ±. 0.45. μg/g and 0.75. ±. 0.48. μg/g in plasma, skin and gills respectively. Quinine was rapidly removed from the tissue compartment while it remained at low concentration in fish circulation after therapy. A 100% C. irritans prevalence was accompanied with no mortalities during the experiment. Parasitic intensity, measured as trophont number, was significantly reduced in quinine-treated fish at the first sampling point (3rd day: 8. ±. 0.8 vs 11. ±. 2.6), while no statistical differences were observed thereafter. A significant reduction in plasma glucose level was also observed at the same time point. Organoleptic evaluation in fillets, showed no difference in the flesh bitterness between quinine-treated and control fish.In conclusion, quinine has no cytotoxic effect on the assessed fish cells and is adequately absorbed in circulation, affecting the glycemic level but its distribution to the targeted tissues by the ciliate tissues is relatively small. Quinine significantly reduced C. irritans' intensity in lightly-infected gilthead sea bream. The sensory attributes of quinine-treated fish are not affected by the treatment. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The use of quinine as a potential antiparasitic compound was evaluated at cellular level and in naturally infected gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata with the ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans. Quinine concentrations up to 10. μg/ml (30. μΜ) did not exhibit any in vitro hemolytic or pro-apoptotic effects on red blood cells or head kidney macrophages, respectively. Dietary administration of quinine in gilthead sea bream at a concentration of 100. mg/kg fish for 10. days was incomplete due to palatability problems after the fifth day post treatment. A decreasing distribution profile of quinine was evident in the analyzed tissues even during the period where quinine consumption was supposedly ensured. The highest concentrations were measured on day 1 reaching 8.98. ±. 3.85. μg/ml (27. μΜ), 1.33. ±. 0.45. μg/g and 0.75. ±. 0.48. μg/g in plasma, skin and gills respectively. Quinine was rapidly removed from the tissue compartment while it remained at low concentration in fish circulation after therapy. A 100% C. irritans prevalence was accompanied with no mortalities during the experiment. Parasitic intensity, measured as trophont number, was significantly reduced in quinine-treated fish at the first sampling point (3rd day: 8. ±. 0.8 vs 11. ±. 2.6), while no statistical differences were observed thereafter. A significant reduction in plasma glucose level was also observed at the same time point. Organoleptic evaluation in fillets, showed no difference in the flesh bitterness between quinine-treated and control fish.In conclusion, quinine has no cytotoxic effect on the assessed fish cells and is adequately absorbed in circulation, affecting the glycemic level but its distribution to the targeted tissues by the ciliate tissues is relatively small. Quinine significantly reduced C. irritans' intensity in lightly-infected gilthead sea bream. The sensory attributes of quinine-treated fish are not affected by the treatment. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. |
Rigos, G; Zonaras, V; Nikoloudaki, X; Cotou, E; Henry, M; Varo, I; Alexis, M Distribution and depletion of sulfadiazine after a multiple per os dosing in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed two different diets Journal Article Mediterranean Marine Science, 14 (2), pp. 377–383, 2013, ISSN: 1108393X. @article{rigos_distribution_2013, title = {Distribution and depletion of sulfadiazine after a multiple per os dosing in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed two different diets}, author = {G Rigos and V Zonaras and X Nikoloudaki and E Cotou and M Henry and I Varo and M Alexis}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880738781&doi=10.12681%2fmms.490&partnerID=40&md5=4c0455add70b6cdc2410df863d88cc13}, doi = {10.12681/mms.490}, issn = {1108393X}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Mediterranean Marine Science}, volume = {14}, number = {2}, pages = {377--383}, abstract = {The distribution and depletion profile of sulfadiazine (SDZ) were investigated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed on fish oil (FO) or plant oil-based (PO) diets. Fish averaging 230 g were given medicated feed containing 25 mg SDZ kg-1 fish for 5 days at 24-26°C. Blood and muscle plus skin were sampled on days 1, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9. Differences in plasma and fillet SDZ levels between the two groups were statistically insignificant. The maximum drug concentrations in plasma were 3.2 ± 1.9 μg mL-1 and 2.9 ± 1.2 μg mL-1 in the PO and FO groups, respectively. In post-medicated samples depletion rapidly reached concentrations close to the level of quantification at 72 h post medication. Withdrawal times to reach consumer safety levels were calculated to be 103 and 118 h for the FO and the PO groups, respectively. N4-acetylation was found to be the major metabolic pathway of SDZ in gilthead sea bream fillet accounting for 23 and 19% of the parent compound in the FO and the PO groups, respectively. Overall, alteration of the dietary lipid profile induced insignificant effects on the kinetics of SDZ. The high tissue SDZ levels during medication and the fast removal of the parent compound and its metabolites from edible tissues of gilthead sea bream reflect a promising antibacterial profile.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The distribution and depletion profile of sulfadiazine (SDZ) were investigated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed on fish oil (FO) or plant oil-based (PO) diets. Fish averaging 230 g were given medicated feed containing 25 mg SDZ kg-1 fish for 5 days at 24-26°C. Blood and muscle plus skin were sampled on days 1, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9. Differences in plasma and fillet SDZ levels between the two groups were statistically insignificant. The maximum drug concentrations in plasma were 3.2 ± 1.9 μg mL-1 and 2.9 ± 1.2 μg mL-1 in the PO and FO groups, respectively. In post-medicated samples depletion rapidly reached concentrations close to the level of quantification at 72 h post medication. Withdrawal times to reach consumer safety levels were calculated to be 103 and 118 h for the FO and the PO groups, respectively. N4-acetylation was found to be the major metabolic pathway of SDZ in gilthead sea bream fillet accounting for 23 and 19% of the parent compound in the FO and the PO groups, respectively. Overall, alteration of the dietary lipid profile induced insignificant effects on the kinetics of SDZ. The high tissue SDZ levels during medication and the fast removal of the parent compound and its metabolites from edible tissues of gilthead sea bream reflect a promising antibacterial profile. |
Rigos, G; Fountoulaki, E; Cotou, E; Dotsika, E; Dourala, N; Karacostas, I Aquaculture, 408-409 , pp. 15–19, 2013, ISSN: 00448486. @article{rigos_tissue_2013, title = {Tissue distribution and field evaluation of caprylic acid against natural infections of Sparicotyle chrysophrii in cage-reared gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata}, author = {G Rigos and E Fountoulaki and E Cotou and E Dotsika and N Dourala and I Karacostas}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879045591&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2013.05.012&partnerID=40&md5=854d10cee3a90f6421a7cccebe7a7cc7}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.05.012}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {408-409}, pages = {15--19}, abstract = {The potential anthelmintic efficacy of dietary caprylic acid against the monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii in cage-reared gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata was investigated in this study. The selection of caprylic acid dosing for the field trials was based on laboratory kinetic experiments performed at 20-21. °C water temperature. A single in-feed administration of 200 mg/kg fish showed a superior distribution profile compared to 100 mg/kg fish. Based on samplings performed from 0.5 to 24 h post administration, caprylic acid tissue levels were measured earlier and remained longer in gilthead sea bream serum, gills and skin after double dosing while they were significantly higher compared to low dosing tissue levels when measurable concentrations were observed at the same sampling points.Therapeutic application of caprylic acid was carried out for 60 d in two farming units with noticed S. chrysophrii infection and water temperature ranged from 15 to 22. °C. At the commence of the experiment in the first farm, prevalence (44-47%) and mean intensity (1.1-1.5 adults) of S. chrysophrii were low but both showed an increasing pattern while the experiment was progressing. At the final sampling, mean intensity was significantly reduced in fish treated with caprylic acid (6. ±. 2.6 vs 14.1. ±. 3.1), while growth remained unaffected. A higher infestation with S. chrysophrii was already established at the initiation of therapy in the second farm. Prevalence was 100% in both groups and intensity reached values up to 17 adults. Both parameters remained at high levels 30 and 60 d after the start of the trial. Growth and parasitic intensity between experimental groups were not significantly affected by caprylic acid treatment during the 2-month medication period.It is concluded that a dietary dosing of 200 mg caprylic acid/kg for 60 d can significantly affect S. chrysophrii intensity in cage-reared gilthead sea bream when treatment is implemented at the first disease stages. It is thus recommended that the progress of the disease should be continuously monitored in the farmed population during the production cycle and administration of caprylic acid should be initiated prior to the development of the infection. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The potential anthelmintic efficacy of dietary caprylic acid against the monogenean Sparicotyle chrysophrii in cage-reared gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata was investigated in this study. The selection of caprylic acid dosing for the field trials was based on laboratory kinetic experiments performed at 20-21. °C water temperature. A single in-feed administration of 200 mg/kg fish showed a superior distribution profile compared to 100 mg/kg fish. Based on samplings performed from 0.5 to 24 h post administration, caprylic acid tissue levels were measured earlier and remained longer in gilthead sea bream serum, gills and skin after double dosing while they were significantly higher compared to low dosing tissue levels when measurable concentrations were observed at the same sampling points.Therapeutic application of caprylic acid was carried out for 60 d in two farming units with noticed S. chrysophrii infection and water temperature ranged from 15 to 22. °C. At the commence of the experiment in the first farm, prevalence (44-47%) and mean intensity (1.1-1.5 adults) of S. chrysophrii were low but both showed an increasing pattern while the experiment was progressing. At the final sampling, mean intensity was significantly reduced in fish treated with caprylic acid (6. ±. 2.6 vs 14.1. ±. 3.1), while growth remained unaffected. A higher infestation with S. chrysophrii was already established at the initiation of therapy in the second farm. Prevalence was 100% in both groups and intensity reached values up to 17 adults. Both parameters remained at high levels 30 and 60 d after the start of the trial. Growth and parasitic intensity between experimental groups were not significantly affected by caprylic acid treatment during the 2-month medication period.It is concluded that a dietary dosing of 200 mg caprylic acid/kg for 60 d can significantly affect S. chrysophrii intensity in cage-reared gilthead sea bream when treatment is implemented at the first disease stages. It is thus recommended that the progress of the disease should be continuously monitored in the farmed population during the production cycle and administration of caprylic acid should be initiated prior to the development of the infection. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. |
Varó, I; Navarro, J C; Rigos, G; Ramo, Del J; Calduch-Giner, J A; Hernández, A; Pertusa, J; Torreblanca, A Proteomic evaluation of potentiated sulfa treatment on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) liver Journal Article Aquaculture, 376-379 , pp. 36 – 44, 2013. @article{varo_proteomic_2013, title = {Proteomic evaluation of potentiated sulfa treatment on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) liver}, author = {I Varó and J C Navarro and G Rigos and J Del Ramo and J A Calduch-Giner and A Hernández and J Pertusa and A Torreblanca}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84870692909&partnerID=40&md5=1615fb55d8d7db116060d7719141a400}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {376-379}, pages = {36 -- 44}, abstract = {Potentiated sulfa drugs are a combination of sulfonamide and pyrimidine potentiators. They are currently used against fish bacterial pathogens in Mediterranean marine fish farming. The present work aimed studying the potential hepatotoxicity of a combination of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) in gilthead sea bream juveniles after oral administration, at the recommended ratio of 5:1 (SDZ/TMP), equivalent to a dose of 30mgkg-1fishday-1, for 10days at 19°C temperature. Electrophoresis (DIGE) technology coupled with MS was used to identify possible markers of hepatotoxicity of this treatment. The results obtained show significant changes in the expression of 41 proteins by treatment (ptextless=0.02). Among these proteins, 14 increased in abundance, and 27 decreased with respect to the control group. Proteins showing differential expression with respect to the control were identified by PMF and/or LC-MS/MS and database research. Proteins like apolipoprotein A-I and fatty acid binding protein (lipid metabolism and transport, and antioxidant role), phosphoglucomutase 1 (carbohydrate metabolism), elongation factor 1-alpha (protein biosynthesis and antioxidant role), mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (oxidation regulation activity and antioxidant role) and ypbc-32-D06 (aminotransferases), were differentially expressed in treated fish. These proteins have not been associated before with potentiated sulfa effect in farmed fish. However, they are frequently found differentially expressed as a characteristic cellular/tissue stress response under different experimental conditions, making difficult their use as specific biomarkers for this treatment. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Potentiated sulfa drugs are a combination of sulfonamide and pyrimidine potentiators. They are currently used against fish bacterial pathogens in Mediterranean marine fish farming. The present work aimed studying the potential hepatotoxicity of a combination of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP) in gilthead sea bream juveniles after oral administration, at the recommended ratio of 5:1 (SDZ/TMP), equivalent to a dose of 30mgkg-1fishday-1, for 10days at 19°C temperature. Electrophoresis (DIGE) technology coupled with MS was used to identify possible markers of hepatotoxicity of this treatment. The results obtained show significant changes in the expression of 41 proteins by treatment (ptextless=0.02). Among these proteins, 14 increased in abundance, and 27 decreased with respect to the control group. Proteins showing differential expression with respect to the control were identified by PMF and/or LC-MS/MS and database research. Proteins like apolipoprotein A-I and fatty acid binding protein (lipid metabolism and transport, and antioxidant role), phosphoglucomutase 1 (carbohydrate metabolism), elongation factor 1-alpha (protein biosynthesis and antioxidant role), mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (oxidation regulation activity and antioxidant role) and ypbc-32-D06 (aminotransferases), were differentially expressed in treated fish. These proteins have not been associated before with potentiated sulfa effect in farmed fish. However, they are frequently found differentially expressed as a characteristic cellular/tissue stress response under different experimental conditions, making difficult their use as specific biomarkers for this treatment. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. |
2012 |
Cotou, E; Henry, M; Zeri, C; Rigos, G; Torreblanca, A; Catsiki, V -A Chemosphere, 89 , pp. 1091 – 1097, 2012. @article{cotou_short-term_2012, title = {Short-term exposure of the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax to copper-based antifouling treated nets: Copper bioavailability and biomarkers responses}, author = {E Cotou and M Henry and C Zeri and G Rigos and A Torreblanca and V -A Catsiki}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865737122&partnerID=40&md5=756a3c35cf896d33539cf359b2ee5701}, doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.075}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {89}, pages = {1091 -- 1097}, abstract = {We studied if the levels of copper released from antifouling treated nets used in finfish mariculture could affect the immune defense mechanism and/or induce oxidative stress in Dicentrarchus labrax, after short term exposure in laboratory experiments. Dissolved copper concentration released from the treated nets, copper bioavailability and a set of biomarkers responses were measured. Biomarkers included hemoglobin concentration, activities of lysozyme, total complement, respiratory burst, glutathione S-transferase and acetycholinesterase and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Results indicated elevated copper concentration in seawater (184μgL-1) but low concentration in muscle (1.5μgg-1) and liver (117μgg-1). Copper bioavailability was independent of copper complexes with dissolved organic carbon. However, formation of copper complexes with other matrices could neither be excluded nor justified. The released copper from the treated nets did not induce oxidative stress but affected the immediate immune defense mechanism of the exposed fish making them more easily vulnerable to diseases. Consequently, copper-based antifouling treated nets could be a risk factor for D. labrax health. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We studied if the levels of copper released from antifouling treated nets used in finfish mariculture could affect the immune defense mechanism and/or induce oxidative stress in Dicentrarchus labrax, after short term exposure in laboratory experiments. Dissolved copper concentration released from the treated nets, copper bioavailability and a set of biomarkers responses were measured. Biomarkers included hemoglobin concentration, activities of lysozyme, total complement, respiratory burst, glutathione S-transferase and acetycholinesterase and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Results indicated elevated copper concentration in seawater (184μgL-1) but low concentration in muscle (1.5μgg-1) and liver (117μgg-1). Copper bioavailability was independent of copper complexes with dissolved organic carbon. However, formation of copper complexes with other matrices could neither be excluded nor justified. The released copper from the treated nets did not induce oxidative stress but affected the immediate immune defense mechanism of the exposed fish making them more easily vulnerable to diseases. Consequently, copper-based antifouling treated nets could be a risk factor for D. labrax health. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. |
Kokou, F; Rigos, G; Henry, M; Kentouri, M; Alexis, M Aquaculture, 364-365 , pp. 74 – 81, 2012. @article{kokou_growth_2012, title = {Growth performance, feed utilization and non-specific immune response of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fed graded levels of a bioprocessed soybean meal}, author = {F Kokou and G Rigos and M Henry and M Kentouri and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84865338480&partnerID=40&md5=3766be14a1b238e69520da3727139bf6}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.08.009}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {364-365}, pages = {74 -- 81}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of partial fish meal replacement by a bioprocessed soy product (BS) in juvenile gilthead sea bream over the course of a 3-month trial. A diet with fish meal as the sole protein source (FM) was compared to diets with 20% (BS20), 40% (BS40) and 60% (BS60) of replacement. The effects of diets on growth performance, feed utilization, gut integrity, liver structure and immune status were evaluated. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily growth index and specific growth rate decreased at the highest level of BS, while feed intake increased. In fish from BS40 and BS60 groups, indices indicating growth in response to protein intake such as protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value were decreased significantly. Body composition did not differ among groups for all parameters analysed. As far as non-specific immune response is concerned, spontaneous respiratory burst activity of blood significantly decreased at BS20 and BS40 groups, while stimulated activity did not indicate any significant change. Serum myeloperoxidase levels and total bacteriolytic activity of complement increased significantly at the highest dietary inclusion of BS, compared to the control group, while serum lysozyme levels did not indicate significant changes. Liver structure was not affected at any level, but some alterations in intestinal morphology were observed in the distal intestine mainly in the BS60 group. Overall, FM replacement by BS affected negatively gilthead sea bream growth performance at the 60% level, protein efficiency from the 40% level and affected some indicators of the immune response. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of partial fish meal replacement by a bioprocessed soy product (BS) in juvenile gilthead sea bream over the course of a 3-month trial. A diet with fish meal as the sole protein source (FM) was compared to diets with 20% (BS20), 40% (BS40) and 60% (BS60) of replacement. The effects of diets on growth performance, feed utilization, gut integrity, liver structure and immune status were evaluated. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily growth index and specific growth rate decreased at the highest level of BS, while feed intake increased. In fish from BS40 and BS60 groups, indices indicating growth in response to protein intake such as protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value were decreased significantly. Body composition did not differ among groups for all parameters analysed. As far as non-specific immune response is concerned, spontaneous respiratory burst activity of blood significantly decreased at BS20 and BS40 groups, while stimulated activity did not indicate any significant change. Serum myeloperoxidase levels and total bacteriolytic activity of complement increased significantly at the highest dietary inclusion of BS, compared to the control group, while serum lysozyme levels did not indicate significant changes. Liver structure was not affected at any level, but some alterations in intestinal morphology were observed in the distal intestine mainly in the BS60 group. Overall, FM replacement by BS affected negatively gilthead sea bream growth performance at the 60% level, protein efficiency from the 40% level and affected some indicators of the immune response. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. |
Rigos, G; Zonaras, V; Cotou, E; Henry, M; Nikoloudaki, X; Alexis, M Dietary fish oil replacement does not alter quinolone uptake in gilthead seabream Journal Article Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 32 , pp. 94 – 102, 2012. @article{rigos_dietary_2012, title = {Dietary fish oil replacement does not alter quinolone uptake in gilthead seabream}, author = {G Rigos and V Zonaras and E Cotou and M Henry and X Nikoloudaki and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84862734496&partnerID=40&md5=d73786c730ef0aecbefe7d2fd30181f7}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists}, volume = {32}, pages = {94 -- 102}, abstract = {The effects of fish oil replacement on the availability of oxolinic acid (OA) and flumequine (FLU) were investigated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Two experimental feeds were used containing 15% (FO diet) or 5% fish oil (VO diet), the later replaced by rapeseed, linseed and palm oil. Fish received through the diet a dosage of 30 or 75 mg OA/kg fish for 7 days at 26°C water temperature. FLU was administered at 30 mg/kg fish for 5 days at 26 or 13°C. Fish given FO diets showed insignificantly higher OA plasma levels compared to those receiving VO feeds. Maximum OA plasma concentrations were measured to be 0.13 and 0.08 ug/ml for the FO and VO groups, respectively at standard dosage. A small increase of OA levels in plasma was observed in FO and VO group (0.14 vs.0.13 μg/ml) when fish were administered double drug dosing. Circulatory FLU levels were also measured to be low and insignificantly different between the two groups at the low water temperature. They were higher compared to those measured at 26°C with peaked concentrations of 0.15 and 0.17 μg/ml for FO and VO groups, respectively vs. 0.085 and 0.083 μg/ ml at 13 °C. Overall, low quinolone levels were measured in circulation of gilthead sea bream fed alternative diets. Reduction of the dietary fish oil level induced insignificant effects on the uptake of OA and FLU in this species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The effects of fish oil replacement on the availability of oxolinic acid (OA) and flumequine (FLU) were investigated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Two experimental feeds were used containing 15% (FO diet) or 5% fish oil (VO diet), the later replaced by rapeseed, linseed and palm oil. Fish received through the diet a dosage of 30 or 75 mg OA/kg fish for 7 days at 26°C water temperature. FLU was administered at 30 mg/kg fish for 5 days at 26 or 13°C. Fish given FO diets showed insignificantly higher OA plasma levels compared to those receiving VO feeds. Maximum OA plasma concentrations were measured to be 0.13 and 0.08 ug/ml for the FO and VO groups, respectively at standard dosage. A small increase of OA levels in plasma was observed in FO and VO group (0.14 vs.0.13 μg/ml) when fish were administered double drug dosing. Circulatory FLU levels were also measured to be low and insignificantly different between the two groups at the low water temperature. They were higher compared to those measured at 26°C with peaked concentrations of 0.15 and 0.17 μg/ml for FO and VO groups, respectively vs. 0.085 and 0.083 μg/ ml at 13 °C. Overall, low quinolone levels were measured in circulation of gilthead sea bream fed alternative diets. Reduction of the dietary fish oil level induced insignificant effects on the uptake of OA and FLU in this species. |
Rigos, G; Grigorakis, K; Koutsodimou, M; Gialamas, I; Fountoulaki, E; Nengas, I Comparison of muscle fatty acid and vitamin composition between wild and farmed common dentex (Dentex dentex) Journal Article Journal of Biological Research, 17 , pp. 26 – 32, 2012. @article{rigos_comparison_2012, title = {Comparison of muscle fatty acid and vitamin composition between wild and farmed common dentex (Dentex dentex)}, author = {G Rigos and K Grigorakis and M Koutsodimou and I Gialamas and E Fountoulaki and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84858042535&partnerID=40&md5=001320c7330637a361286fd2529b6de2}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Biological Research}, volume = {17}, pages = {26 -- 32}, abstract = {The present study was carried out to compare the tissue composition of wild and farmed common dentex (Dentex dentex) and the major nutrients in order to further explore the dietary requirements of this species. Wild (41±14 g) and farmed (10±2 g) fish were analyzed for proximate composition, fatty acid profile and vitamin C and E muscle and liver content. The fat content of the farmed population was almost six times higher than that measured in wild fish at the expense of water content. There were no significant differences in the protein and ash content between the two populations. The vitamin C content was insignificantly lower in wild fish liver while differences were significant in muscle compared to their farmed conspecifics. Vitamin E concentration was found to be significantly higher in both examined tissues of the farmed fish. The fatty acid profiles were different between the wild and farmed individuals. Wild fish livers were significantly richer in ̂-6 fatty acids, poorer in total monounsaturates (MUFA), but no differences were observed for total polyunsaturates (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). As regards muscle tissues, farmed fish were found to contain higher 22:6̂3 levels but significantly lower 16:1̂7 and 18:1̂9 levels than the wild ones. The information given by the present study should be evaluated for the further improvement of common dentex diets.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study was carried out to compare the tissue composition of wild and farmed common dentex (Dentex dentex) and the major nutrients in order to further explore the dietary requirements of this species. Wild (41±14 g) and farmed (10±2 g) fish were analyzed for proximate composition, fatty acid profile and vitamin C and E muscle and liver content. The fat content of the farmed population was almost six times higher than that measured in wild fish at the expense of water content. There were no significant differences in the protein and ash content between the two populations. The vitamin C content was insignificantly lower in wild fish liver while differences were significant in muscle compared to their farmed conspecifics. Vitamin E concentration was found to be significantly higher in both examined tissues of the farmed fish. The fatty acid profiles were different between the wild and farmed individuals. Wild fish livers were significantly richer in ̂-6 fatty acids, poorer in total monounsaturates (MUFA), but no differences were observed for total polyunsaturates (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). As regards muscle tissues, farmed fish were found to contain higher 22:6̂3 levels but significantly lower 16:1̂7 and 18:1̂9 levels than the wild ones. The information given by the present study should be evaluated for the further improvement of common dentex diets. |
2011 |
Katharios, P; Rigos, G; Divanach, P Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa), a Lethal Intruder of Tropical Pet Fish: First Case in Humphead Wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus (Rüppell, 1835) Journal Article Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine, 20 (2), pp. 138–143, 2011, ISSN: 15575063. @article{katharios_enteromyxum_2011, title = {Enteromyxum leei (Myxozoa), a Lethal Intruder of Tropical Pet Fish: First Case in Humphead Wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus (Rüppell, 1835)}, author = {P Katharios and G Rigos and P Divanach}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955634789&doi=10.1053%2fj.jepm.2011.02.009&partnerID=40&md5=e3c00ff0668cec7f9df0c2a21f5fd013}, doi = {10.1053/j.jepm.2011.02.009}, issn = {15575063}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine}, volume = {20}, number = {2}, pages = {138--143}, abstract = {The lethal effect of enteromyxosis is recorded for the first time in the humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, a tropical pet fish. Enteromyxosis was caused by the myxosporean parasite Enteromyxum leei, and the gut was the only tissue affected in this case. Severe enteritis and degeneration of the intestinal mucosa may have caused a digestive function disorder, thereby resulting in the fish's death. The histopathological findings of this case included destruction of normal tissue architecture of the intestinal mucosa, chronic inflammation, and infiltration of mast cells/eosinophilic granular cells, which resembled findings described in other fish that were diagnosed with enteromyxosis. Induced stress by transportation and entrance to a new environment possibly played an underlying role in the virulence of the parasitic infection and associated tissue pathology. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The lethal effect of enteromyxosis is recorded for the first time in the humphead wrasse, Cheilinus undulatus, a tropical pet fish. Enteromyxosis was caused by the myxosporean parasite Enteromyxum leei, and the gut was the only tissue affected in this case. Severe enteritis and degeneration of the intestinal mucosa may have caused a digestive function disorder, thereby resulting in the fish's death. The histopathological findings of this case included destruction of normal tissue architecture of the intestinal mucosa, chronic inflammation, and infiltration of mast cells/eosinophilic granular cells, which resembled findings described in other fish that were diagnosed with enteromyxosis. Induced stress by transportation and entrance to a new environment possibly played an underlying role in the virulence of the parasitic infection and associated tissue pathology. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. |
Adamidou, S; Nengas, I; Henry, M; Midoy, Ioakei N; Rigos, G; Bell, G J; Jauncey, K Effects of dietary inclusion of peas, chickpeas and faba beans on growth, feed utilization and health of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) Journal Article Aquaculture Nutrition, 17 , pp. e288 – e296, 2011. @article{adamidou_effects_2011, title = {Effects of dietary inclusion of peas, chickpeas and faba beans on growth, feed utilization and health of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)}, author = {S Adamidou and I Nengas and M Henry and N Ioakei Midoy and G Rigos and G J Bell and K Jauncey}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79952502639&partnerID=40&md5=3f40d3886ed69bb45394174909f89c68}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00762.x}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Nutrition}, volume = {17}, pages = {e288 -- e296}, abstract = {Three legumes [field peas (P), chickpeas (CP) and faba beans (B)] at two inclusion levels [170gkg -1 (L) and 350gkg -1 (H)] were evaluated in a 13-week experiment with triplicate groups of 92.6±5.0g gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). A control diet included wheat meal, fishmeal (FM) and a mixture of plant ingredients as protein sources. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic and processed in a twin-screw extruder. Restricted feeding was applied (15gkg -1 of body weight) and growth, haematology and histology parameters were evaluated. Decreased, but not significant, growth values were observed for all diets including legumes compared to the control. Poorer feed conversion ratio values were observed for both P diets and for high level B diet. Liver glycogen increased with increasing starch level, but hepatosomatic index did not differ significantly for any of the diet treatments. Histological examination of internal organs showed no pathological abnormalities that could be related to nutritional treatment. The study indicated that the tested legumes are ingredients that could be used in farmed seabream diets up to 350gkg -1 without negative effects replacing other carbohydrate sources and part of FM. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Three legumes [field peas (P), chickpeas (CP) and faba beans (B)] at two inclusion levels [170gkg -1 (L) and 350gkg -1 (H)] were evaluated in a 13-week experiment with triplicate groups of 92.6±5.0g gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). A control diet included wheat meal, fishmeal (FM) and a mixture of plant ingredients as protein sources. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic and processed in a twin-screw extruder. Restricted feeding was applied (15gkg -1 of body weight) and growth, haematology and histology parameters were evaluated. Decreased, but not significant, growth values were observed for all diets including legumes compared to the control. Poorer feed conversion ratio values were observed for both P diets and for high level B diet. Liver glycogen increased with increasing starch level, but hepatosomatic index did not differ significantly for any of the diet treatments. Histological examination of internal organs showed no pathological abnormalities that could be related to nutritional treatment. The study indicated that the tested legumes are ingredients that could be used in farmed seabream diets up to 350gkg -1 without negative effects replacing other carbohydrate sources and part of FM. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
Adamidou, S; Rigos, G; Mente, E; Nengas, I; Fountoulaki, E The effects of dietary lipid and fibre levels on digestibility of diet and on the growth performance of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) Journal Article Mediterranean Marine Science, 12 , pp. 401 – 412, 2011. @article{adamidou_effects_2011-1, title = {The effects of dietary lipid and fibre levels on digestibility of diet and on the growth performance of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo)}, author = {S Adamidou and G Rigos and E Mente and I Nengas and E Fountoulaki}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856727259&partnerID=40&md5=402acf665b4a1832504fc7b3103ee72a}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Mediterranean Marine Science}, volume = {12}, pages = {401 -- 412}, abstract = {In the present study, sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) were fed three experimental isonitrogenous diets composed of 45 g 100g -1 protein and varying lipid and fibre contents as follows: diet A: 45/10/1.5, B: 45/15/1.5 and C: 45/15/5. The effects of the diet composition were investigated by measuring digestibility, growth, carcass composition and haematological parameters. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, measured at high (26°C) and low (16°C) water temperatures in laboratory conditions, were not affected by the diet or temperature treatments. Growth was evaluated in a seven-month trial using animals held in sea cages. The specific growth rate (SGR) showed no significant differences among the treatments while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved in the fish that were fed a low-fat diet. A significant increase in body fat was detected in the fish that were fed high-fat diets. The blood serum total lipid levels were elevated for the fish that were fed diet C. In conclusion, a diet containing a protein/ fat/fibre ratio of 45/10/1.5 g 100 g -1 can result in satisfactory growth and an improved FCR value when compared with diets with higher fat and/or fibre levels, demonstrating that the required fat level for sharpsnout seabream is lower than 15 g 100 g -1.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the present study, sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) were fed three experimental isonitrogenous diets composed of 45 g 100g -1 protein and varying lipid and fibre contents as follows: diet A: 45/10/1.5, B: 45/15/1.5 and C: 45/15/5. The effects of the diet composition were investigated by measuring digestibility, growth, carcass composition and haematological parameters. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, measured at high (26°C) and low (16°C) water temperatures in laboratory conditions, were not affected by the diet or temperature treatments. Growth was evaluated in a seven-month trial using animals held in sea cages. The specific growth rate (SGR) showed no significant differences among the treatments while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved in the fish that were fed a low-fat diet. A significant increase in body fat was detected in the fish that were fed high-fat diets. The blood serum total lipid levels were elevated for the fish that were fed diet C. In conclusion, a diet containing a protein/ fat/fibre ratio of 45/10/1.5 g 100 g -1 can result in satisfactory growth and an improved FCR value when compared with diets with higher fat and/or fibre levels, demonstrating that the required fat level for sharpsnout seabream is lower than 15 g 100 g -1. |
Rigos, G; Zonaras, V; Nikolopoulou, D; Henry, M; Nikoloudaki, X; Alexis, M Aquaculture, 311 , pp. 31 – 35, 2011. @article{rigos_effect_2011, title = {The effect of diet composition (plant vs fish oil-based diets) on the availability of oxytetracycline in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) at two water temperatures}, author = {G Rigos and V Zonaras and D Nikolopoulou and M Henry and X Nikoloudaki and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78651511216&partnerID=40&md5=1ff8997553f46392794bf523d922f6ad}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.11.018}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {311}, pages = {31 -- 35}, abstract = {The effect of partial fish oil replacement (66%) by rapeseed, linseed and palm oil on the availability of oxytetracycline (OTC) was investigated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Fish received a dosage of 75. mg OTC/kg for 5. days at 27 or 14°C water temperature. Tissues including blood and muscle plus skin were sampled on days 1, 3 and 5 during treatment and on days 6, 8, 12 and 16 post-treatment. At the high water temperature, OTC levels were undetectable in the tested tissues at all sampling points for both diets. At the winter temperature, plasma OTC concentrations were insignificantly higher in fish given plant oil-based diets compared to fish oil diets with maximum values of 1.03 and 0.73μg/ml respectively on day 6 for both groups. Similarly, OTC muscle plus skin levels were insignificantly lower in the fish oil compared to the plant oil group with respective values of 0.48μg/g on day 5 and 1.21μg/g on day 6. Overall, replacement of fish oil by plant oil sources showed no significant influence on OTC availability in gilthead sea bream at winter temperatures. The use of OTC should be discouraged at very high water temperatures in this species irrespective of the diet source probably due to inhibited absorption or very rapid elimination of OTC from circulation. Long withdrawal times were necessary in gilthead sea bream fed with both plant oil (312. h) and fish oil (239 h) to ensure consumer safety at winter temperatures. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The effect of partial fish oil replacement (66%) by rapeseed, linseed and palm oil on the availability of oxytetracycline (OTC) was investigated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Fish received a dosage of 75. mg OTC/kg for 5. days at 27 or 14°C water temperature. Tissues including blood and muscle plus skin were sampled on days 1, 3 and 5 during treatment and on days 6, 8, 12 and 16 post-treatment. At the high water temperature, OTC levels were undetectable in the tested tissues at all sampling points for both diets. At the winter temperature, plasma OTC concentrations were insignificantly higher in fish given plant oil-based diets compared to fish oil diets with maximum values of 1.03 and 0.73μg/ml respectively on day 6 for both groups. Similarly, OTC muscle plus skin levels were insignificantly lower in the fish oil compared to the plant oil group with respective values of 0.48μg/g on day 5 and 1.21μg/g on day 6. Overall, replacement of fish oil by plant oil sources showed no significant influence on OTC availability in gilthead sea bream at winter temperatures. The use of OTC should be discouraged at very high water temperatures in this species irrespective of the diet source probably due to inhibited absorption or very rapid elimination of OTC from circulation. Long withdrawal times were necessary in gilthead sea bream fed with both plant oil (312. h) and fish oil (239 h) to ensure consumer safety at winter temperatures. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. |
Rigos, G Nutritional Physiology & Applied Nutrition of Fish & Crustaceans (in greek) Incollection Nutritional Pathology of Fish & Crustaceans, pp. 574–613, Papazizi, Athens, 2011. @incollection{rigos_nutritional_2011, title = {Nutritional Physiology & Applied Nutrition of Fish & Crustaceans (in greek)}, author = {G Rigos}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, booktitle = {Nutritional Pathology of Fish & Crustaceans}, pages = {574--613}, publisher = {Papazizi}, address = {Athens}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {incollection} } |
Grigorakis, K; Rigos, G Aquaculture effects on environmental and public welfare - The case of Mediterranean mariculture Journal Article Chemosphere, 85 , pp. 899 – 919, 2011. @article{grigorakis_aquaculture_2011, title = {Aquaculture effects on environmental and public welfare - The case of Mediterranean mariculture}, author = {K Grigorakis and G Rigos}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-80455174702&partnerID=40&md5=7c7a799d91d220c2842edd9d9b70c0a0}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {85}, pages = {899 -- 919}, abstract = {Aquatic farming has been considered, during the last decades, as the fastest growing food production industry powered by governmental and technological impulsion. Compensation for fisheries decline, creation of new jobs and source of financial windfall are the most important benefits. However, similar to most of the human food-production activities, aquaculture raised several issues related to the environmental welfare and consumer safety. An effort to record the aquaculture-environment and -human safety interactions with regard to the Mediterranean mariculture, is attempted herein. We focused on this geographical area due to its individualities in both the hydrological and physicochemical characteristics and the forms of aquaculture activities. The cage farming of euryhaline marine fish species and more recently of bluefin tuna and mollusk farming are the dominating aquaculture activities. The impacts of these activities to the environment, through wastes offloads, introduction of alien species, genetic interactions, disease transfer, release of chemicals, use of wild recourses, alterations of coastal habitats and disturbance of wildlife, are analytically considered. Also the consumer safety issues related to the farming are assessed, including generation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, contaminants transferred to humans though food chain and other hazards from consumption of aquacultured items. Within these, the major literature findings are critically examined and suggestions for scientific areas that need further development are made. The major tasks for future aquaculture development in this region are: (i) to ensure sustainability and (ii) to balance the risks to public or environmental health with the substantial economical benefits. In regard with monitoring, tools must be created or adapted to predict the environmental costs and estimate consumer impact. At a canonistic and legal basis, the establishment of appropriate legal guidelines and common policies from all countries involved should be mandatory. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Aquatic farming has been considered, during the last decades, as the fastest growing food production industry powered by governmental and technological impulsion. Compensation for fisheries decline, creation of new jobs and source of financial windfall are the most important benefits. However, similar to most of the human food-production activities, aquaculture raised several issues related to the environmental welfare and consumer safety. An effort to record the aquaculture-environment and -human safety interactions with regard to the Mediterranean mariculture, is attempted herein. We focused on this geographical area due to its individualities in both the hydrological and physicochemical characteristics and the forms of aquaculture activities. The cage farming of euryhaline marine fish species and more recently of bluefin tuna and mollusk farming are the dominating aquaculture activities. The impacts of these activities to the environment, through wastes offloads, introduction of alien species, genetic interactions, disease transfer, release of chemicals, use of wild recourses, alterations of coastal habitats and disturbance of wildlife, are analytically considered. Also the consumer safety issues related to the farming are assessed, including generation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, contaminants transferred to humans though food chain and other hazards from consumption of aquacultured items. Within these, the major literature findings are critically examined and suggestions for scientific areas that need further development are made. The major tasks for future aquaculture development in this region are: (i) to ensure sustainability and (ii) to balance the risks to public or environmental health with the substantial economical benefits. In regard with monitoring, tools must be created or adapted to predict the environmental costs and estimate consumer impact. At a canonistic and legal basis, the establishment of appropriate legal guidelines and common policies from all countries involved should be mandatory. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. |
2010 |
Rigos, G; Katharios, P Pathological obstacles of newly-introduced fish species in Mediterranean mariculture: A review Journal Article Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 20 (1), pp. 47–70, 2010, ISSN: 09603166. @article{rigos_pathological_2010, title = {Pathological obstacles of newly-introduced fish species in Mediterranean mariculture: A review}, author = {G Rigos and P Katharios}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76649096331&doi=10.1007%2fs11160-009-9120-7&partnerID=40&md5=47199e5ef09af01c2cd4e97aa9274262}, doi = {10.1007/s11160-009-9120-7}, issn = {09603166}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {47--70}, abstract = {Species diversification has been extensively employed in Mediterranean mariculture industry as a tool to relief the crisis resulting from market saturation and overproduction of the two main representatives, sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Numerous new promising candidates belonging to several fish families such as Sparidae, Polyprionidae, Serranidae, Sciaenidae, Soleidae, Carangidae and Scombridae have been introduced to provide alternative culture choices in Mediterranean. The farming potential of these species in production scale has received some or little success partly due to the fact that their entrance has not been accompanied without the presence of considerable pathological problems. Bacterial outbreaks causing serious problems have been mainly induced by Photobacterium damsella subsp. piscicida, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, Tenacibaculum maritimum and Flavobacterium sp. Detrimental parasitic pathogens included the myxosporean Enteromyxum leei, the ciliates Cryptocaryon irritans and Uronema spp., the flagellate Amyloodinium occelatum, the monogenean Zeuxapta seriolae and the digeneans Paradeontacylix-like spp. Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy infections and the chlamydia-like bacteria causing Epitheliocystis disease are also of significance importance. Numerous other agents of lesser pathogenic significance as well as other occasionally recorded pathogens are also mentioned in this review. Additional research effort has to be devoted to the pathogenesis of important pathogens and the interactions with their hosts to assist the viability of new fish species farming in Mediterranean region. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Species diversification has been extensively employed in Mediterranean mariculture industry as a tool to relief the crisis resulting from market saturation and overproduction of the two main representatives, sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Numerous new promising candidates belonging to several fish families such as Sparidae, Polyprionidae, Serranidae, Sciaenidae, Soleidae, Carangidae and Scombridae have been introduced to provide alternative culture choices in Mediterranean. The farming potential of these species in production scale has received some or little success partly due to the fact that their entrance has not been accompanied without the presence of considerable pathological problems. Bacterial outbreaks causing serious problems have been mainly induced by Photobacterium damsella subsp. piscicida, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, Tenacibaculum maritimum and Flavobacterium sp. Detrimental parasitic pathogens included the myxosporean Enteromyxum leei, the ciliates Cryptocaryon irritans and Uronema spp., the flagellate Amyloodinium occelatum, the monogenean Zeuxapta seriolae and the digeneans Paradeontacylix-like spp. Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy infections and the chlamydia-like bacteria causing Epitheliocystis disease are also of significance importance. Numerous other agents of lesser pathogenic significance as well as other occasionally recorded pathogens are also mentioned in this review. Additional research effort has to be devoted to the pathogenesis of important pathogens and the interactions with their hosts to assist the viability of new fish species farming in Mediterranean region. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009. |
Rigos, G; Katharios, P; Papandroulakis, N Single intramuscular administration of long-acting oxytetracycline in grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) Journal Article Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 34 (5), pp. 441–445, 2010, ISSN: 13000128. @article{rigos_single_2010, title = {Single intramuscular administration of long-acting oxytetracycline in grouper (Epinephelus marginatus)}, author = {G Rigos and P Katharios and N Papandroulakis}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650669591&doi=10.3906%2fvet-0906-10&partnerID=40&md5=31f361ba713c356eb768142370d17368}, doi = {10.3906/vet-0906-10}, issn = {13000128}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences}, volume = {34}, number = {5}, pages = {441--445}, abstract = {The plasma concentration of long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC-LA) was measured following a single intramuscular (IM) injection (50 mg/kg) in grouper (Epinephelus marginatus), a common inhabitant of marine aquaria and a potential candidate for fish farming. The experiment was carried out at 20 °C and sampling points were selected at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h post-administration. OTC concentration in grouper circulation was maintained at high levels for the whole experiment (8.35-39.67 μg/mL) with maximum plasma concentration measured at 1 h postinjection. The area under the curve values was also promising since AUC0-24 and AUC 0-48 were calculated to be high (363.45 and 668.73 μg h/mL, respectively). Due to the high OTC levels accomplished for prolonged period of time, a single administration of OTC-LA could be an ideal route in cases when multiple handling is unwanted and big animals such as grouper are to be treated. © Tübi̇tak.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The plasma concentration of long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC-LA) was measured following a single intramuscular (IM) injection (50 mg/kg) in grouper (Epinephelus marginatus), a common inhabitant of marine aquaria and a potential candidate for fish farming. The experiment was carried out at 20 °C and sampling points were selected at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h post-administration. OTC concentration in grouper circulation was maintained at high levels for the whole experiment (8.35-39.67 μg/mL) with maximum plasma concentration measured at 1 h postinjection. The area under the curve values was also promising since AUC0-24 and AUC 0-48 were calculated to be high (363.45 and 668.73 μg h/mL, respectively). Due to the high OTC levels accomplished for prolonged period of time, a single administration of OTC-LA could be an ideal route in cases when multiple handling is unwanted and big animals such as grouper are to be treated. © Tübi̇tak. |
Børresen, Torger; Dobson, Alan; Boyen, Catherine; Ferrer, Manuel; Höfle, Manfred; Ianora, Adrianna; Jaspars, Marcel; Kijjoa, Anake; Olafsen, Jan; Querellou, Joel; Rigos, G; Wijffels, René Marine Biotechnology - A European Strategy for Marine Biotechnology Book Marine Board Working Group on Marine Biotechnology, 2010. @book{borresen_marine_2010, title = {Marine Biotechnology - A European Strategy for Marine Biotechnology}, author = {Torger Børresen and Alan Dobson and Catherine Boyen and Manuel Ferrer and Manfred Höfle and Adrianna Ianora and Marcel Jaspars and Anake Kijjoa and Jan Olafsen and Joel Querellou and G Rigos and René Wijffels}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, publisher = {Marine Board Working Group on Marine Biotechnology}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {book} } |
Fountoulaki, E; Henry, M; Rigos, G; Vasilaki, A; Mente, E; Sweetman, J; Nengas, I Evaluation of zinc supplementation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juvenile diets Journal Article Aquaculture Research, 41 , pp. e208 – e216, 2010. @article{fountoulaki_evaluation_2010, title = {Evaluation of zinc supplementation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juvenile diets}, author = {E Fountoulaki and M Henry and G Rigos and A Vasilaki and E Mente and J Sweetman and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77955955157&partnerID=40&md5=998c56a51dbd36e139c6f19395287c12}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02503.x}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {41}, pages = {e208 -- e216}, abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the effect of increased zinc dietary levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, immune status and induced wound healing in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish weighing 10 g were fed five diets containing organic zinc at 30, 70, 110 and 150 mg kg -1 diet and one inorganic zinc source (zinc oxide) at 150 mg kg -1 diet for a period of 12 weeks. No significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the growth performance parameters (final weight, specific growth rate), immunological indices tested (respiratory burst activity in whole blood) and the wound-healing process. Zinc accumulation in the skin, vertebrae and liver increased significantly (P<0.01) with increased dietary zinc levels but not in muscle. The highest zinc concentrations were obtained in skin tissue, followed by vertebrae, liver and muscle tissue. Using the concentration of zinc in skin as a response criterion, broken-line analysis showed that the supplementation of 148 mg organic Zn kg -1 diet seemed to be the optimum dietary zinc supplementation level for sea bass juveniles. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aimed to investigate the effect of increased zinc dietary levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, immune status and induced wound healing in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish weighing 10 g were fed five diets containing organic zinc at 30, 70, 110 and 150 mg kg -1 diet and one inorganic zinc source (zinc oxide) at 150 mg kg -1 diet for a period of 12 weeks. No significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the growth performance parameters (final weight, specific growth rate), immunological indices tested (respiratory burst activity in whole blood) and the wound-healing process. Zinc accumulation in the skin, vertebrae and liver increased significantly (P<0.01) with increased dietary zinc levels but not in muscle. The highest zinc concentrations were obtained in skin tissue, followed by vertebrae, liver and muscle tissue. Using the concentration of zinc in skin as a response criterion, broken-line analysis showed that the supplementation of 148 mg organic Zn kg -1 diet seemed to be the optimum dietary zinc supplementation level for sea bass juveniles. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
Rigos, G; Samartzis, A; Henry, M; Fountoulaki, E; Cotou, E; Sweetman, J; Davies, S; Nengas, I Effects of additive iron on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata Journal Article Aquaculture International, 18 , pp. 1093 – 1104, 2010. @article{rigos_effects_2010, title = {Effects of additive iron on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata}, author = {G Rigos and A Samartzis and M Henry and E Fountoulaki and E Cotou and J Sweetman and S Davies and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77957281268&partnerID=40&md5=cb00eeaf070421b4b6c73322441a8834}, doi = {10.1007/s10499-010-9326-7}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture International}, volume = {18}, pages = {1093 -- 1104}, abstract = {The comparative effects of iron-supplemented levels on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (2 g) were investigated, using four organic (50, 100, 200, 300 mg ORG/kg diet) and one inorganic iron source (200 INOR mg/kg diet). Fish were treated for 12 weeks with the experimental diets and maintained at a water temperature of 19-22°C. Growth (final weight and specific growth rate), tissue distribution (spleen, liver and muscle), haematological parameters (red blood cells, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and non-specific immune indexes (respiratory burst activity and antibacterial activity of serum) were analysed. No significant differences were found in growth and iron tissue distribution among the tested groups. Red blood cell counting was statistically higher in fish given 50 ORG, 100 ORG, 200 ORG and 200 INOR feeds. However, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were not significantly affected by increasing dietary iron. Fish receiving the 100 ORG diet had the best performance with respect to the respiratory burst activity and significantly higher values for antibacterial activity of serum were obtained in fish fed with the 300 ORG diet. The present findings provided no clear evidence of the optimum iron concentration. However, there was adequate indication that iron supplementation enhanced the performance of gilthead sea bream, mainly from a haematological and immunological point of view. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The comparative effects of iron-supplemented levels on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (2 g) were investigated, using four organic (50, 100, 200, 300 mg ORG/kg diet) and one inorganic iron source (200 INOR mg/kg diet). Fish were treated for 12 weeks with the experimental diets and maintained at a water temperature of 19-22°C. Growth (final weight and specific growth rate), tissue distribution (spleen, liver and muscle), haematological parameters (red blood cells, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and non-specific immune indexes (respiratory burst activity and antibacterial activity of serum) were analysed. No significant differences were found in growth and iron tissue distribution among the tested groups. Red blood cell counting was statistically higher in fish given 50 ORG, 100 ORG, 200 ORG and 200 INOR feeds. However, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were not significantly affected by increasing dietary iron. Fish receiving the 100 ORG diet had the best performance with respect to the respiratory burst activity and significantly higher values for antibacterial activity of serum were obtained in fish fed with the 300 ORG diet. The present findings provided no clear evidence of the optimum iron concentration. However, there was adequate indication that iron supplementation enhanced the performance of gilthead sea bream, mainly from a haematological and immunological point of view. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. |
Varó, I; Rigos, G; Navarro, J C; Ramo, Del J; Calduch-Giner, J; Hernández, A; Pertusa, J; Torreblanca, A Effect of ivermectin on the liver of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata: A proteomic approach Journal Article Chemosphere, 80 , pp. 570 – 577, 2010. @article{varo_effect_2010, title = {Effect of ivermectin on the liver of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata: A proteomic approach}, author = {I Varó and G Rigos and J C Navarro and J Del Ramo and J Calduch-Giner and A Hernández and J Pertusa and A Torreblanca}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77953807246&partnerID=40&md5=de57bb1b9ee74a9f329a9533da86d482}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {80}, pages = {570 -- 577}, abstract = {Gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata is the most commercialized Mediterranean aquacultured fish species. Ivermectin has recently (experimentally) started to be used to control ectoparasitic infestations in Mediterranean cultured marine fish. The potential hepatotoxicity of ivermectin was investigated in gilthead sea bream juveniles (35g) following oral administration at the recommended dose of 0.2mg kg -1 fish for 10d. Difference Gel Electrophoresis Technology (DIGE) was used to study the effect of this treatment in gilthead sea bream liver protein profile under routine culture conditions. The 2D-DIGE protein maps obtained were analyzed using the DeCyder 6.5 software. The results obtained showed significant changes in the expression of 36 proteins respect to the control group. Among these proteins, six increased in abundance, and 30 decreased. Spot showing differential expression respect to the control were analyzed by mass spectrometry and database search, which resulted in three positive identifications corresponding to hepatic proteins involved in lipid metabolism (apoA-I), oxidative stress responses and energy generation (beta-globin, ATP synthase subunit beta). These proteins have not been previously associated to invermectin effect. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata is the most commercialized Mediterranean aquacultured fish species. Ivermectin has recently (experimentally) started to be used to control ectoparasitic infestations in Mediterranean cultured marine fish. The potential hepatotoxicity of ivermectin was investigated in gilthead sea bream juveniles (35g) following oral administration at the recommended dose of 0.2mg kg -1 fish for 10d. Difference Gel Electrophoresis Technology (DIGE) was used to study the effect of this treatment in gilthead sea bream liver protein profile under routine culture conditions. The 2D-DIGE protein maps obtained were analyzed using the DeCyder 6.5 software. The results obtained showed significant changes in the expression of 36 proteins respect to the control group. Among these proteins, six increased in abundance, and 30 decreased. Spot showing differential expression respect to the control were analyzed by mass spectrometry and database search, which resulted in three positive identifications corresponding to hepatic proteins involved in lipid metabolism (apoA-I), oxidative stress responses and energy generation (beta-globin, ATP synthase subunit beta). These proteins have not been previously associated to invermectin effect. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. |
Rigos, G; Bitchava, K; Nengas, I Antibacterial drugs in products originating from aquaculture: Assessing the risks to public welfare Journal Article Mediterranean Marine Science, 11 , pp. 33 – 41, 2010. @article{rigos_antibacterial_2010, title = {Antibacterial drugs in products originating from aquaculture: Assessing the risks to public welfare}, author = {G Rigos and K Bitchava and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79955974872&partnerID=40&md5=942003c97ed874dcfbb43905c1f697a9}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Mediterranean Marine Science}, volume = {11}, pages = {33 -- 41}, abstract = {As aquaculture expands to meet human demand and compensate for pessimistic forecasts of fisheries catches, use of antibacterial agents to combat or forestall bacterial diseases is still a necessity, although effective vaccines and improved hygiene have aided drastically in this battle. The hazards for the consumer perspective arising from the imprudent use of such chemicals can be detrimental, especially if the residues persist above legal tolerance. These may include selection and dissemination of resistant bacteria, disruption of the colonization barrier in the human intestinal flora and allergic reactions. In cases that unlawful drugs reached the consumer via consumption of aquatic products, human health may be jeopardized even further. The present review article assesses these risks to human health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As aquaculture expands to meet human demand and compensate for pessimistic forecasts of fisheries catches, use of antibacterial agents to combat or forestall bacterial diseases is still a necessity, although effective vaccines and improved hygiene have aided drastically in this battle. The hazards for the consumer perspective arising from the imprudent use of such chemicals can be detrimental, especially if the residues persist above legal tolerance. These may include selection and dissemination of resistant bacteria, disruption of the colonization barrier in the human intestinal flora and allergic reactions. In cases that unlawful drugs reached the consumer via consumption of aquatic products, human health may be jeopardized even further. The present review article assesses these risks to human health. |
2009 |
Fountoulaki, E; Vasilaki, A; Hurtado, R; Grigorakis, K; Karacostas, I; Nengas, I; Rigos, G; Kotzamanis, Y; Venou, B; Alexis, M N Aquaculture, 289 (3-4), pp. 317–326, 2009, ISSN: 00448486. @article{fountoulaki_fish_2009, title = {Fish oil substitution by vegetable oils in commercial diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.); effects on growth performance, flesh quality and fillet fatty acid profile. Recovery of fatty acid profiles by a fish oil finishing diet under fluctuating water temperatures}, author = {E Fountoulaki and A Vasilaki and R Hurtado and K Grigorakis and I Karacostas and I Nengas and G Rigos and Y Kotzamanis and B Venou and M N Alexis}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61649088364&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2009.01.023&partnerID=40&md5=e3b4d18877877d60dcd12caa1fda3f45}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.023}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {289}, number = {3-4}, pages = {317--326}, abstract = {The effects of long term feeding (6 months) of commercial diets with low fish meal content and high levels of vegetable oils (69% fish oil substitution level) were determined in gilthead sea bream (110 g). A control diet containing South American fish oil (FO) was evaluated against feeds with either soybean oil (SO), palm oil (PO) or rapeseed oil (RO). Afterwards, all fish were fed a fish oil finishing diet to determine the progressive recovery of the fillet fatty acid profiles. The results showed that growth and feed utilization in gilthead sea bream are not affected by fish oil substitution with soybean and rapeseed oil, contrary to palm oil inclusion. Flesh and liver docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ArA) contents were reduced to a lower degree than their reduction in the diet, whereas eicosapentaenoic (EPA) reduction was more pronounced in both tissues. Sensory analysis revealed no difference in the organoleptic characteristics of the dietary groups. However, low acceptance scores were calculated for all treated groups. No histological alterations were seen in gut tissue but liver of the PO group showed intense lipid accumulation. Re-feeding with a fish oil finishing diet for 120 days was not adequate for restoration of DHA, ArA and EPA. Linoleic (LA) and oleic acid (OA) were retained even after 120 days re-feeding with the fish oil diet. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The effects of long term feeding (6 months) of commercial diets with low fish meal content and high levels of vegetable oils (69% fish oil substitution level) were determined in gilthead sea bream (110 g). A control diet containing South American fish oil (FO) was evaluated against feeds with either soybean oil (SO), palm oil (PO) or rapeseed oil (RO). Afterwards, all fish were fed a fish oil finishing diet to determine the progressive recovery of the fillet fatty acid profiles. The results showed that growth and feed utilization in gilthead sea bream are not affected by fish oil substitution with soybean and rapeseed oil, contrary to palm oil inclusion. Flesh and liver docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ArA) contents were reduced to a lower degree than their reduction in the diet, whereas eicosapentaenoic (EPA) reduction was more pronounced in both tissues. Sensory analysis revealed no difference in the organoleptic characteristics of the dietary groups. However, low acceptance scores were calculated for all treated groups. No histological alterations were seen in gut tissue but liver of the PO group showed intense lipid accumulation. Re-feeding with a fish oil finishing diet for 120 days was not adequate for restoration of DHA, ArA and EPA. Linoleic (LA) and oleic acid (OA) were retained even after 120 days re-feeding with the fish oil diet. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Adamidou, S; Nengas, I; Henry, M; Grigorakis, K; Rigos, G; Nikolopoulou, D; Kotzamanis, Y; Bell, G J; Jauncey, K Aquaculture, 293 (3-4), pp. 263–271, 2009, ISSN: 00448486. @article{adamidou_growth_2009, title = {Growth, feed utilization, health and organoleptic characteristics of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed extruded diets including low and high levels of three different legumes}, author = {S Adamidou and I Nengas and M Henry and K Grigorakis and G Rigos and D Nikolopoulou and Y Kotzamanis and G J Bell and K Jauncey}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649088041&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2009.04.045&partnerID=40&md5=dfaf34a8796e08dbe50d7099ac4f3f40}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.045}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {293}, number = {3-4}, pages = {263--271}, abstract = {Three legumes [field peas (P), chickpeas (CP) and faba beans (B)] were evaluated at two inclusion levels; 170 (L) and 350 g kg- 1 (H) in a 14-week experiment with triplicate groups of 97.9 ± 6.1 g European seabass. A control diet included wheat meal, fish meal (FM) and a mixture of plant ingredients as protein sources. Diets, processed in a twin-screw extruder, were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. All experimental diets improved growth compared to the control. Weight gain, feed intake, FCR and SGR were improved for fish fed diet CPL, while fish fed diet CPH gave higher FCR. Protein and starch digestibility were highest for the control diet, while fish fed diets CPL and PL showed significantly lower protein ADCs and lower starch ADC (P ≤ 0.05) for diet PH. Among H diets, significantly better fillet yield was found for fish fed diet PH, but no other differences were found in seabass fillet organoleptic characteristics. Serum glucose and cholesterol were elevated in fish fed CP diets, while protein and triacylglycerols did not show significant differences among treatments. Fish fed the test diets showed no significant evidence of either immunosuppression or immunostimulation. Histology of liver, spleen, kidney and foregut revealed no pathological abnormalities. Field peas, chickpeas and faba beans can be included in European seabass diets up to 350 g kg- 1 substituting for wheat with no negative effects on growth performance, carcass composition or organoleptic characteristics. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Three legumes [field peas (P), chickpeas (CP) and faba beans (B)] were evaluated at two inclusion levels; 170 (L) and 350 g kg- 1 (H) in a 14-week experiment with triplicate groups of 97.9 ± 6.1 g European seabass. A control diet included wheat meal, fish meal (FM) and a mixture of plant ingredients as protein sources. Diets, processed in a twin-screw extruder, were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. All experimental diets improved growth compared to the control. Weight gain, feed intake, FCR and SGR were improved for fish fed diet CPL, while fish fed diet CPH gave higher FCR. Protein and starch digestibility were highest for the control diet, while fish fed diets CPL and PL showed significantly lower protein ADCs and lower starch ADC (P ≤ 0.05) for diet PH. Among H diets, significantly better fillet yield was found for fish fed diet PH, but no other differences were found in seabass fillet organoleptic characteristics. Serum glucose and cholesterol were elevated in fish fed CP diets, while protein and triacylglycerols did not show significant differences among treatments. Fish fed the test diets showed no significant evidence of either immunosuppression or immunostimulation. Histology of liver, spleen, kidney and foregut revealed no pathological abnormalities. Field peas, chickpeas and faba beans can be included in European seabass diets up to 350 g kg- 1 substituting for wheat with no negative effects on growth performance, carcass composition or organoleptic characteristics. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Henry, M; Alexis, M N; Fountoulaki, E; Nengas, I; Rigos, G Effects of a natural parasitical infection (Lernanthropus kroyeri) on the immune system of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L Journal Article Parasite Immunology, 31 , pp. 729 – 740, 2009. @article{henry_effects_2009, title = {Effects of a natural parasitical infection (Lernanthropus kroyeri) on the immune system of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L}, author = {M Henry and M N Alexis and E Fountoulaki and I Nengas and G Rigos}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-71049186396&partnerID=40&md5=856f23a4caa21fd8ac2308babc61d401}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Parasite Immunology}, volume = {31}, pages = {729 -- 740}, abstract = {The immune response of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, to a natural infection by the copepod parasite Lernanthropus kroyeri was evaluated for the first time in vivo. The results clearly demonstrated the triggering of the fish immune system by the parasite. Lysozyme activity and alternative complement pathway were involved in the early action against the parasitical infection, whilst classical complement and respiratory burst (RB) activity took over in the later stages of infection. It was hypothesized that the levels of alternative and classical complement and RB stimulation indexes may determine the resistance capacity of the fish to the parasite. It is not clear how parasites can survive despite the strong immunological arsenal deployed by the fish. The continual increase of prevalence and severity of parasite infection suggested that the parasite’s mechanism of evasion of the immune system was extremely successful. The contrasting decrease in the negative effects of parasites on the fish health (such as gills anaemia) suggested that an equilibrium between the parasites and their hosts was reached in chronic infection. These dynamic interactions between parasites and fish hosts were probably the main determinant of host specificity. © 2009 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The immune response of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, to a natural infection by the copepod parasite Lernanthropus kroyeri was evaluated for the first time in vivo. The results clearly demonstrated the triggering of the fish immune system by the parasite. Lysozyme activity and alternative complement pathway were involved in the early action against the parasitical infection, whilst classical complement and respiratory burst (RB) activity took over in the later stages of infection. It was hypothesized that the levels of alternative and classical complement and RB stimulation indexes may determine the resistance capacity of the fish to the parasite. It is not clear how parasites can survive despite the strong immunological arsenal deployed by the fish. The continual increase of prevalence and severity of parasite infection suggested that the parasite’s mechanism of evasion of the immune system was extremely successful. The contrasting decrease in the negative effects of parasites on the fish health (such as gills anaemia) suggested that an equilibrium between the parasites and their hosts was reached in chronic infection. These dynamic interactions between parasites and fish hosts were probably the main determinant of host specificity. © 2009 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research. |
Adamidou, S; Nengas, I; Alexis, M; Foundoulaki, E; Nikolopoulou, D; Campbell, P; Karacostas, I; Rigos, G; Bell, G J; Jauncey, K Aquaculture, 289 , pp. 106 – 112, 2009. @article{adamidou_apparent_2009, title = {Apparent nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal evacuation time in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed diets containing different levels of legumes}, author = {S Adamidou and I Nengas and M Alexis and E Foundoulaki and D Nikolopoulou and P Campbell and I Karacostas and G Rigos and G J Bell and K Jauncey}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-61749084045&partnerID=40&md5=3afa8a0e5913361f83ec7758e214a18a}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {289}, pages = {106 -- 112}, abstract = {Nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal evacuation time for diets containing two levels of legumes were determined in European seabass (initial wt. 150 g). Seven isonitrogenous (44 g crude protein 100 g - 1) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g - 1) extruded diets were tested. Experimental diets contained 15 g or 30 g 100 g - 1 of each legume including faba bean meal, (FB15, FB30), chickpea meal (CP15, CP30), field pea meal (FP15, FP30) and a control, wheat meal containing, diet. Inclusion of faba beans in diets significantly enhanced apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dietary protein and energy at both inclusion levels. Starch digestibility was significantly lower for the control and FP30 diet and significantly higher for the FB15 diet. Fat digestibility coefficients were elevated significantly for FB15, FB30, CP15, FP15 and FP30 diets, compared to the CP30 and the control diet. The incorporation of faba bean and chickpea greatly affected gastrointestinal evacuation time compared to fish fed the control diet. Longer passage times were observed when these legumes were included in the diet. Glucose serum peak value was delayed for FB30 and a slower decreasing rate was observed for the legume diets. The addition of legumes had a positive effect on physical properties of the pellets by increasing the hardness while water activity remained within the safety limits. The findings of this study suggest that the legumes tested are potential candidates for carbohydrate replacement (wheat) and, to a lesser extent, for protein substitution in diets for European seabass. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal evacuation time for diets containing two levels of legumes were determined in European seabass (initial wt. 150 g). Seven isonitrogenous (44 g crude protein 100 g - 1) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g - 1) extruded diets were tested. Experimental diets contained 15 g or 30 g 100 g - 1 of each legume including faba bean meal, (FB15, FB30), chickpea meal (CP15, CP30), field pea meal (FP15, FP30) and a control, wheat meal containing, diet. Inclusion of faba beans in diets significantly enhanced apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dietary protein and energy at both inclusion levels. Starch digestibility was significantly lower for the control and FP30 diet and significantly higher for the FB15 diet. Fat digestibility coefficients were elevated significantly for FB15, FB30, CP15, FP15 and FP30 diets, compared to the CP30 and the control diet. The incorporation of faba bean and chickpea greatly affected gastrointestinal evacuation time compared to fish fed the control diet. Longer passage times were observed when these legumes were included in the diet. Glucose serum peak value was delayed for FB30 and a slower decreasing rate was observed for the legume diets. The addition of legumes had a positive effect on physical properties of the pellets by increasing the hardness while water activity remained within the safety limits. The findings of this study suggest that the legumes tested are potential candidates for carbohydrate replacement (wheat) and, to a lesser extent, for protein substitution in diets for European seabass. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
2006 |
Rigos, G; Nengas, I; Alexis, M Oxytetracycline (OTC) uptake following bath treatment in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) Journal Article Aquaculture, 261 , pp. 1151 – 1155, 2006. @article{rigos_oxytetracycline_2006, title = {Oxytetracycline (OTC) uptake following bath treatment in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)}, author = {G Rigos and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33751440278&partnerID=40&md5=e595050cb25e5846e346f95e8827b71d}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {261}, pages = {1151 -- 1155}, abstract = {The uptake and elimination profile of oxytetracycline (OTC) following a prolong bath treatment in gilthhead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were investigated in this study. The bath experiment was carried out using a OTC concentration of 50 μg/ml for 24 h at 17-18 °C water temperature. Plasma and muscle fish samples were analysed at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h during and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 d following the bath. Detectable OTC levels were revealed only at the end of bath treatment (24 h) in examined tissues of gilthead sea bream, where drug concentration was measured to be as low as 0.096 and 0.047 μg/g or ml in muscle plus skin and plasma, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that OTC bath treatment under this dosage schedule is unlikely to confront systemic bacterial infections. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The uptake and elimination profile of oxytetracycline (OTC) following a prolong bath treatment in gilthhead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were investigated in this study. The bath experiment was carried out using a OTC concentration of 50 μg/ml for 24 h at 17-18 °C water temperature. Plasma and muscle fish samples were analysed at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h during and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 d following the bath. Detectable OTC levels were revealed only at the end of bath treatment (24 h) in examined tissues of gilthead sea bream, where drug concentration was measured to be as low as 0.096 and 0.047 μg/g or ml in muscle plus skin and plasma, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that OTC bath treatment under this dosage schedule is unlikely to confront systemic bacterial infections. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
2005 |
Athanassopoulou, F; Ragias, V; Vagianou, St.; Cave, Di D; Rigos, G; Papathanasiou, G; Georgoulakis, J Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 25 (6), pp. 256–261, 2005, ISSN: 01080288. @article{athanassopoulou_report_2005, title = {Report of Sparicotyle (Microcotyle) chrysophrii Van Beneden and Hesse 1863, Atrispinum seminalis Euzet and Maillard 1973 and Polylabris tubicirrus Paperna and Kohn 1964 (Monogenea) on captive sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sharp snout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) in coastal Greece and Italy}, author = {F Athanassopoulou and V Ragias and St. Vagianou and D Di Cave and G Rigos and G Papathanasiou and J Georgoulakis}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32644449166&partnerID=40&md5=2a4af286e79a6d976aab89a00362db06}, issn = {01080288}, year = {2005}, date = {2005-01-01}, journal = {Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists}, volume = {25}, number = {6}, pages = {256--261}, abstract = {During the years 2000-2003, caged gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) and sharp snout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo C.) from two farms in Greece and two farms in Italy (the Central Thyrrenian Sea) were examined. Sparus aurata from Greece was moderately infected with Furnestinia echeneis and Sparicotyle chrysophrii. Diplodus puntazzo from the Greek farms were infected with three polyopisthocotylean monogeneans: Atrispinum salpae, A. seminalis and S. chrysophrii. In Italy, on the gills of cultivated S. aurata, a polyopisthocotylean parasite was identified as Polylabris tubicirrus which is considered host specific and only affecting breams of the genus Diplodus. Furthermore, D. puntazzo and S. aurata showed the transfer of the monogenean S. chrysophrii from S. aurata (its type host) to D. puntazzo which is never found infected in wild conditions by this parasite. The presence of these parasites, and in particular S. chrysophrii in cultured D. puntazzo, is an important finding for aquaculturists in terms of potential disease problems.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } During the years 2000-2003, caged gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) and sharp snout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo C.) from two farms in Greece and two farms in Italy (the Central Thyrrenian Sea) were examined. Sparus aurata from Greece was moderately infected with Furnestinia echeneis and Sparicotyle chrysophrii. Diplodus puntazzo from the Greek farms were infected with three polyopisthocotylean monogeneans: Atrispinum salpae, A. seminalis and S. chrysophrii. In Italy, on the gills of cultivated S. aurata, a polyopisthocotylean parasite was identified as Polylabris tubicirrus which is considered host specific and only affecting breams of the genus Diplodus. Furthermore, D. puntazzo and S. aurata showed the transfer of the monogenean S. chrysophrii from S. aurata (its type host) to D. puntazzo which is never found infected in wild conditions by this parasite. The presence of these parasites, and in particular S. chrysophrii in cultured D. puntazzo, is an important finding for aquaculturists in terms of potential disease problems. |
Rigos, G; Troisi, G M Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 15 , pp. 53 – 73, 2005. @article{rigos_antibacterial_2005, title = {Antibacterial agents in Mediterranean finfish farming: A synopsis of drug pharmacokinetics in important euryhaline fish species and possible environmental implications}, author = {G Rigos and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-29544446441&partnerID=40&md5=baa5e88d117bde3be196951065389749}, year = {2005}, date = {2005-01-01}, journal = {Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries}, volume = {15}, pages = {53 -- 73}, abstract = {The literature pertaining to the use of registered antibacterial agents in Mediterranean finfish farming is reviewed, with an emphasis on the Greek fish-farming industry. This review provides a scientific resource dedicated to the design of future antibacterial dosing regimes in Mediterranean fish farming, where insufficient supporting information is currently available. This paper addresses the paucity in knowledge concerning pharmacokinetics and the efficacy and environmental impact of commonly used antibacterials needed to direct future research and promote good practices in the euryhaline fish farming industry. Several registered antibacterials are currently available for combating bacterial infections, including tetracyclines, (fluoro) quinolones, potentiated sulfa, penicillin and chloramphenicol derivatives. Based on the available data, oxytetracycline (OTC) and quinolone drugs (oxolinic acid - OA and flumequine - FLU) are the most widely used in Mediterranean aquaculture. As a result these drugs have received the most extensive studies, whereas, there is considerable paucity of reliable data on pharmacokinetic and the depletion characteristics of other drugs used, particularly potentiated sulfa, penicillin derivatives and florfenicol. We find there is incomplete data on drug efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for common antibacterials used against the major bacterial pathogens of Mediterranean fish species. Furthermore, a considerable lack of data on environmental drug concentrations around Mediterranean fish farms was also identified, highlighting the need for more extensive environmental studies to monitor contamination in environmental components i.e., water and sediment, and in non-target species (flora and fauna). Prudent selection and use of antibacterials can encourage lower dosage applications, enhance treatment efficacy, and help to minimize contamination of the environment. Selection of readily bioavailable drugs which have low environmental persistence, low aquatic toxicity and high antibacterial efficacy is advised, to reduce potential losses to the environment and associated toxic effects on target species and the development of bacterial resistance. Lack of present data made it impossible to provide thorough and accurate guidance on selection and use of antibacterials and approaches for minimizing environmental impacts for the treatment of major euryhaline aquaculture species. © Springer 2005.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The literature pertaining to the use of registered antibacterial agents in Mediterranean finfish farming is reviewed, with an emphasis on the Greek fish-farming industry. This review provides a scientific resource dedicated to the design of future antibacterial dosing regimes in Mediterranean fish farming, where insufficient supporting information is currently available. This paper addresses the paucity in knowledge concerning pharmacokinetics and the efficacy and environmental impact of commonly used antibacterials needed to direct future research and promote good practices in the euryhaline fish farming industry. Several registered antibacterials are currently available for combating bacterial infections, including tetracyclines, (fluoro) quinolones, potentiated sulfa, penicillin and chloramphenicol derivatives. Based on the available data, oxytetracycline (OTC) and quinolone drugs (oxolinic acid - OA and flumequine - FLU) are the most widely used in Mediterranean aquaculture. As a result these drugs have received the most extensive studies, whereas, there is considerable paucity of reliable data on pharmacokinetic and the depletion characteristics of other drugs used, particularly potentiated sulfa, penicillin derivatives and florfenicol. We find there is incomplete data on drug efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for common antibacterials used against the major bacterial pathogens of Mediterranean fish species. Furthermore, a considerable lack of data on environmental drug concentrations around Mediterranean fish farms was also identified, highlighting the need for more extensive environmental studies to monitor contamination in environmental components i.e., water and sediment, and in non-target species (flora and fauna). Prudent selection and use of antibacterials can encourage lower dosage applications, enhance treatment efficacy, and help to minimize contamination of the environment. Selection of readily bioavailable drugs which have low environmental persistence, low aquatic toxicity and high antibacterial efficacy is advised, to reduce potential losses to the environment and associated toxic effects on target species and the development of bacterial resistance. Lack of present data made it impossible to provide thorough and accurate guidance on selection and use of antibacterials and approaches for minimizing environmental impacts for the treatment of major euryhaline aquaculture species. © Springer 2005. |
2004 |
Rigos, G; Tyrpenou, A E; Nengas, I; Alexis, M; Troisi, G M The kinetic profile of oxolinic acid in sharpsnout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti 1777) Journal Article Aquaculture Research, 35 , pp. 1299 – 1304, 2004. @article{rigos_kinetic_2004, title = {The kinetic profile of oxolinic acid in sharpsnout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti 1777)}, author = {G Rigos and A E Tyrpenou and I Nengas and M Alexis and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-9344262875&partnerID=40&md5=747d42b180b9ebf50171888f16b799b3}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {35}, pages = {1299 -- 1304}, abstract = {The pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid (OA) were investigated after a single intra-vascular injection (20 mg kg-1 fish) in sharpsnout sea bream (90 g), a promising new euryhaline species for Mediterranean fish farming. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OA were calculated to be 0.4 and 10 h respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and total clearance rate (CLT) of the drug were found to be 2.1 L kg and 0.2 L kg-1 h-1 respectively. The bioavailability (F%) of OA following oral administration (40 mg kg-1 fish) fish) was estimated to be 15%. The results indicate a rapid distribution and elimination of the drug, moderate tissue penetration, but low absorption in sharpsnout sea bream. The kinetic profile of OA found in this species is comparable with that observed in another well-known sparid, gilthead sea bream.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid (OA) were investigated after a single intra-vascular injection (20 mg kg-1 fish) in sharpsnout sea bream (90 g), a promising new euryhaline species for Mediterranean fish farming. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OA were calculated to be 0.4 and 10 h respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and total clearance rate (CLT) of the drug were found to be 2.1 L kg and 0.2 L kg-1 h-1 respectively. The bioavailability (F%) of OA following oral administration (40 mg kg-1 fish) fish) was estimated to be 15%. The results indicate a rapid distribution and elimination of the drug, moderate tissue penetration, but low absorption in sharpsnout sea bream. The kinetic profile of OA found in this species is comparable with that observed in another well-known sparid, gilthead sea bream. |
Rigos, G; Nengas, I; Alexis, M; Athanassopoulou, F Bioavailability of oxytetracycline in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) Journal Article Journal of Fish Diseases, 27 , pp. 119 – 122, 2004. @article{rigos_bioavailability_2004, title = {Bioavailability of oxytetracycline in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.)}, author = {G Rigos and I Nengas and M Alexis and F Athanassopoulou}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1542319008&partnerID=40&md5=2fce37501284273e5a1e06048b0e5bb3}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases}, volume = {27}, pages = {119 -- 122}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Tyrpenou, A E; Rigos, G Determination of oxolinic acid residues in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) muscle tissue and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography Journal Article Chromatographia, 60 , pp. 657 – 661, 2004. @article{tyrpenou_determination_2004, title = {Determination of oxolinic acid residues in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) muscle tissue and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography}, author = {A E Tyrpenou and G Rigos}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-12144273132&partnerID=40&md5=5b05f1505cf35b3cf48c9dd1fbc39a35}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {Chromatographia}, volume = {60}, pages = {657 -- 661}, abstract = {A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of oxolinic acid (OA) residues in muscle tissue and plasma of the cultured fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), is described. OA was extracted with ethyl acetate and after centrifugation the combined extracts were evaporated. To the remaining residue 1 mL of the mobile phase was added and the extract was partitioned with n-pentane which then was rejected by aspiration. OA was chromatographed on a Zorbax®SB-C18 column at 50°C and detected by fluorescence detection at λex 327 nm and λem 369 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (v/v) pH 2.0 and acetonitrile-methanol 3:2 (v/v) in a combination of 50:50 (v/v) and a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1, delivered isocratically. Method mean recovery (R%) achieved was 73.7 ± 4.4% (mean ± SD) for blank fortified samples (n = 4) range at 50, 100 and 200 μg kg-1 with a RSD = 3.3%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.0 μg kg-1 oxolinic acid in muscle tissue and plasma and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 5.0 μg kg-1. The method is fast and suitable to be used with safety and accuracy for the control of OA residues in cultured seabreams and a trained analyst could carry out ready for chromatography more than 50 samples per working day.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of oxolinic acid (OA) residues in muscle tissue and plasma of the cultured fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), is described. OA was extracted with ethyl acetate and after centrifugation the combined extracts were evaporated. To the remaining residue 1 mL of the mobile phase was added and the extract was partitioned with n-pentane which then was rejected by aspiration. OA was chromatographed on a Zorbax®SB-C18 column at 50°C and detected by fluorescence detection at λex 327 nm and λem 369 nm. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (v/v) pH 2.0 and acetonitrile-methanol 3:2 (v/v) in a combination of 50:50 (v/v) and a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1, delivered isocratically. Method mean recovery (R%) achieved was 73.7 ± 4.4% (mean ± SD) for blank fortified samples (n = 4) range at 50, 100 and 200 μg kg-1 with a RSD = 3.3%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.0 μg kg-1 oxolinic acid in muscle tissue and plasma and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 5.0 μg kg-1. The method is fast and suitable to be used with safety and accuracy for the control of OA residues in cultured seabreams and a trained analyst could carry out ready for chromatography more than 50 samples per working day. |
Rigos, G; Nengas, I; Alexis, M; Troisi, G M Potential drug (oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid) pollution from Mediterranean sparid fish farms Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology, 69 , pp. 281 – 288, 2004. @article{rigos_potential_2004, title = {Potential drug (oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid) pollution from Mediterranean sparid fish farms}, author = {G Rigos and I Nengas and M Alexis and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3242806075&partnerID=40&md5=bca8f73fe1a7ba2abb13d5ad230e6027}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {Aquatic Toxicology}, volume = {69}, pages = {281 -- 288}, abstract = {The potential for input of two common antibacterial agents in Mediterranean fish farms, oxytetracycline (OTC) and oxolinic acid (OA), was estimated from measurements of these drugs in the faecal excretions of two important farmed sparids, gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata and sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo. Oxolinic acid was found to be well absorbed by gilthead sea bream (92%) and sharpsnout sea bream (88%) while the absorption of OTC was found to be considerably lower in both species (27 and 40%, respectively). These data were integrated with production records for sparids, drug dosage regimes and treatment frequency information to calculate potential annual drug release to the aquatic environment from Greek fish farms. These calculations suggest potentially significant quantities of unmetabolised OTC can be passed unabsorbed through the body of treated sparids and excreted via the faeces into the local marine environment. The situation with OA was much less pronounced. It was estimated that potentially more than 1900 kg of OTC and more than 50 kg of OA may be released via faecal excretion into the environment by sparid farms per year. Further drug may also be released via uneaten medicated feed, leached drugs and other routes of fish elimination (renal excretion, branchial secretions). Drug pollution of the marine environment in the vicinity of fish farms can have adverse ecological effects, including development of resistant bacterial populations and exposure with potential drug accumulation in aquatic fauna and flora. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The potential for input of two common antibacterial agents in Mediterranean fish farms, oxytetracycline (OTC) and oxolinic acid (OA), was estimated from measurements of these drugs in the faecal excretions of two important farmed sparids, gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata and sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo. Oxolinic acid was found to be well absorbed by gilthead sea bream (92%) and sharpsnout sea bream (88%) while the absorption of OTC was found to be considerably lower in both species (27 and 40%, respectively). These data were integrated with production records for sparids, drug dosage regimes and treatment frequency information to calculate potential annual drug release to the aquatic environment from Greek fish farms. These calculations suggest potentially significant quantities of unmetabolised OTC can be passed unabsorbed through the body of treated sparids and excreted via the faeces into the local marine environment. The situation with OA was much less pronounced. It was estimated that potentially more than 1900 kg of OTC and more than 50 kg of OA may be released via faecal excretion into the environment by sparid farms per year. Further drug may also be released via uneaten medicated feed, leached drugs and other routes of fish elimination (renal excretion, branchial secretions). Drug pollution of the marine environment in the vicinity of fish farms can have adverse ecological effects, including development of resistant bacterial populations and exposure with potential drug accumulation in aquatic fauna and flora. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Rigos, G; Tyrpenou, ; Nengas, I; Alexis, A E M; Poulou, Athanasso F; Troisi, G M Poor bioavailability of oxytetracycline in sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo Journal Article Aquaculture, 235 , pp. 489 – 497, 2004. @article{rigos_poor_2004, title = {Poor bioavailability of oxytetracycline in sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo}, author = {G Rigos and Tyrpenou and I Nengas and A E M Alexis and F Athanasso Poulou and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1542280919&partnerID=40&md5=7c1f6e8e157f8928bcb1086f90bea99a}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {235}, pages = {489 -- 497}, abstract = {The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) were investigated following single intravascular injection (40 mg/kg) in sharpsnout sea bream (90 g) at 19°C. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OTC were calculated to be 1.4 and 35 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) was found to be 4 l/kg. The total clearance rate (CLT) of the drug was low (0.08 l/kg h). Repeated attempts to investigate the bioavailability of OTC following oral administration (75 mg/kg; forced-fed or via the feed), revealed undetectable levels of the drug in plasma and muscle samples. Poor tissue absorption is likely due to significant hepatic metabolism of OTC in sharpsnout sea bream, but this requires further investigation. Thus, oral administration of OTC in farmed sharpsnout sea bream should be discouraged in favour of other routes of administration or other antibiotic drugs. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) were investigated following single intravascular injection (40 mg/kg) in sharpsnout sea bream (90 g) at 19°C. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OTC were calculated to be 1.4 and 35 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) was found to be 4 l/kg. The total clearance rate (CLT) of the drug was low (0.08 l/kg h). Repeated attempts to investigate the bioavailability of OTC following oral administration (75 mg/kg; forced-fed or via the feed), revealed undetectable levels of the drug in plasma and muscle samples. Poor tissue absorption is likely due to significant hepatic metabolism of OTC in sharpsnout sea bream, but this requires further investigation. Thus, oral administration of OTC in farmed sharpsnout sea bream should be discouraged in favour of other routes of administration or other antibiotic drugs. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
2003 |
Rigos, G; Nengas, I; Tyrpenou, A E; Alexis, M; Troisi, G M Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oxytetracycline in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) after a single dose Journal Article Aquaculture, 221 , pp. 75 – 83, 2003. @article{rigos_pharmacokinetics_2003, title = {Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oxytetracycline in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) after a single dose}, author = {G Rigos and I Nengas and A E Tyrpenou and M Alexis and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037402546&partnerID=40&md5=73df0faf1da29455a07de80aa4cde170}, year = {2003}, date = {2003-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {221}, pages = {75 -- 83}, abstract = {This is the first study to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline (OTC) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Following a single intravascular injection of OTC (40 mg/kg) in 100 g fish kept at 20°C, the distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OTC were found to be long (2 and 53 h, respectively). The drug was well distributed throughout the internal body compartments since the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and the apparent volume of distribution by the area method (Vd(arca)) were found to be high (2.9 and 3.8 l/kg, respectively). OTC had a long mean residence time (MRT) (56 h) but a short total clearance (CLT) (0.05 1/kg h). The slow elimination of the drug suggests a need for long withdrawal periods prior to use of dosed fish for human consumption. Although the bioavailability (F%) of OTC following oral administration in aqueous suspension (75 mg/kg) was calculated to be low (9%), maximum OTC plasma concentration was relatively high (2.5 μg/ml), indicating that current therapeutic regimens applied to gilthead sea bream might be effective against bacterial pathogens. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This is the first study to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline (OTC) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Following a single intravascular injection of OTC (40 mg/kg) in 100 g fish kept at 20°C, the distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OTC were found to be long (2 and 53 h, respectively). The drug was well distributed throughout the internal body compartments since the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and the apparent volume of distribution by the area method (Vd(arca)) were found to be high (2.9 and 3.8 l/kg, respectively). OTC had a long mean residence time (MRT) (56 h) but a short total clearance (CLT) (0.05 1/kg h). The slow elimination of the drug suggests a need for long withdrawal periods prior to use of dosed fish for human consumption. Although the bioavailability (F%) of OTC following oral administration in aqueous suspension (75 mg/kg) was calculated to be low (9%), maximum OTC plasma concentration was relatively high (2.5 μg/ml), indicating that current therapeutic regimens applied to gilthead sea bream might be effective against bacterial pathogens. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
Rigos, G; Nengas, I; Alexis, M; Tyrpenou, A E; Troisi, G M Aquaculture, 224 , pp. 245 – 256, 2003. @article{rigos_tissue_2003, title = {Tissue distribution and residue depletion of oxolinic acid in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) following multiple in-feed dosing}, author = {G Rigos and I Nengas and M Alexis and A E Tyrpenou and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037911446&partnerID=40&md5=9b91d50c3055d3d2fde33418539e5e5f}, year = {2003}, date = {2003-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {224}, pages = {245 -- 256}, abstract = {The tissue distribution and residue depletion of oxolinic acid (OA) were investigated in gilthead sea bream and sharpsnout sea bream after a multiple (10 days) in-feed administration (30 mg/kg fish) at 19°C. Plasma, muscle, skin, liver and bile were sampled daily during treatment (1-10 days) and post-treatment (11,12, 14, 15 and 17 days) and subsequently analysed for OA concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescent detection (HPLC-SFD). Oxolinic acid displayed biphasic elimination in tissues of both species during treatment and reached "consumer safe levels" 24 h after treatment. OA concentration in gilthead sea bream peaked on day 4, with highest concentrations in liver (2660 ng/g), followed by bile (2370 ng/ml), skin (2350 ng/g), muscle (1330 ng/g) and plasma (880 ng/ml). In sharpsnout sea bream, peaked OA concentrations were observed in liver (2720 ng/g) on day 4, while highest concentrations were measured later on day 5 in plasma (910 ng/ml) and day 6 in bile (2360 ng/ml), skin (1960 ng/g) and muscle (1770 ng/g). The calculated areas under the concentration curves (AUC) also reflect a good tissue distribution of OA. Elimination half-lives (t1/2) were estimated to be 11-14 and 11-19 h in tissues of gilthead sea bream and sharpsnout sea bream, respectively. Multiple dosing of OA in sparids should be adequate to confront bacterial pathogens considering published minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drug. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The tissue distribution and residue depletion of oxolinic acid (OA) were investigated in gilthead sea bream and sharpsnout sea bream after a multiple (10 days) in-feed administration (30 mg/kg fish) at 19°C. Plasma, muscle, skin, liver and bile were sampled daily during treatment (1-10 days) and post-treatment (11,12, 14, 15 and 17 days) and subsequently analysed for OA concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescent detection (HPLC-SFD). Oxolinic acid displayed biphasic elimination in tissues of both species during treatment and reached "consumer safe levels" 24 h after treatment. OA concentration in gilthead sea bream peaked on day 4, with highest concentrations in liver (2660 ng/g), followed by bile (2370 ng/ml), skin (2350 ng/g), muscle (1330 ng/g) and plasma (880 ng/ml). In sharpsnout sea bream, peaked OA concentrations were observed in liver (2720 ng/g) on day 4, while highest concentrations were measured later on day 5 in plasma (910 ng/ml) and day 6 in bile (2360 ng/ml), skin (1960 ng/g) and muscle (1770 ng/g). The calculated areas under the concentration curves (AUC) also reflect a good tissue distribution of OA. Elimination half-lives (t1/2) were estimated to be 11-14 and 11-19 h in tissues of gilthead sea bream and sharpsnout sea bream, respectively. Multiple dosing of OA in sparids should be adequate to confront bacterial pathogens considering published minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drug. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
Rigos, G; Tyrpenou, A E; Nengas, I; Yiagnisis, M; Koutsodimou, M; Alexis, M; Troisi, G M Pharmacokinetics of flumequine and in vitro activity against bacterial pathogens of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata Journal Article Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 54 , pp. 35 – 41, 2003. @article{rigos_pharmacokinetics_2003-1, title = {Pharmacokinetics of flumequine and in vitro activity against bacterial pathogens of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata}, author = {G Rigos and A E Tyrpenou and I Nengas and M Yiagnisis and M Koutsodimou and M Alexis and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0242500738&partnerID=40&md5=04952ed6946b3b5bf6b53e7fa6783038}, year = {2003}, date = {2003-01-01}, journal = {Diseases of Aquatic Organisms}, volume = {54}, pages = {35 -- 41}, abstract = {The present study investigated the kinetic profile of flumequine (FLU) in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (170 g) held at 19°C and evaluated its in vitro efficacy against important bacterial diseases in Mediterranean mariculture. Following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg-1 fish), the distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the half-life of the terminal phase of elimination (t1/2α) of the drug were 0.2 and 30 h respectively. Tissue penetration of FLU was low, since both the apparent distribution volume of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and the apparent volume of the central compartment (Vc) were small (0.57 and 0.15 1 kg-1). The mean residence time (MRT) was short (11 h) and the total clearance (CLT) of the drug was slow (0.05 1 kg-1 h-1). Following oral administration (20 mg kg1), the bioavailability (F%) of FLU was 29% and the maximum plasma concentration was 1.7 pg ml-1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug in distilled water supplemented with 2% NaCl against Vibrio anguillarum Serotype 1b, Photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida, V. alginolyticus, V. damsela and V. fluvialis was 0.15, 0.3, 1.2, 0.019 and 0.15 pg ml-1 respectively. The addition however of 10 mM Ca2+ and 55 mM Mg2+ to the medium resulted in an 8- to >120-fold reduction in FLU activity. The results indicate that FLU has an adequate kinetic profile in gilthead sea bream and that marine cations induce a significant impact on the activity of FLU, rendering its use against bacterial pathogens questionable.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study investigated the kinetic profile of flumequine (FLU) in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (170 g) held at 19°C and evaluated its in vitro efficacy against important bacterial diseases in Mediterranean mariculture. Following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg-1 fish), the distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the half-life of the terminal phase of elimination (t1/2α) of the drug were 0.2 and 30 h respectively. Tissue penetration of FLU was low, since both the apparent distribution volume of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and the apparent volume of the central compartment (Vc) were small (0.57 and 0.15 1 kg-1). The mean residence time (MRT) was short (11 h) and the total clearance (CLT) of the drug was slow (0.05 1 kg-1 h-1). Following oral administration (20 mg kg1), the bioavailability (F%) of FLU was 29% and the maximum plasma concentration was 1.7 pg ml-1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug in distilled water supplemented with 2% NaCl against Vibrio anguillarum Serotype 1b, Photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida, V. alginolyticus, V. damsela and V. fluvialis was 0.15, 0.3, 1.2, 0.019 and 0.15 pg ml-1 respectively. The addition however of 10 mM Ca2+ and 55 mM Mg2+ to the medium resulted in an 8- to >120-fold reduction in FLU activity. The results indicate that FLU has an adequate kinetic profile in gilthead sea bream and that marine cations induce a significant impact on the activity of FLU, rendering its use against bacterial pathogens questionable. |
2002 |
Rigos, G; Alexis, M; Andriopoulou, A; Nengas, I Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxytetracycline in sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax, at two water temperatures Journal Article Aquaculture, 210 , pp. 59 – 67, 2002. @article{rigos_pharmacokinetics_2002, title = {Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxytetracycline in sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax, at two water temperatures}, author = {G Rigos and M Alexis and A Andriopoulou and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037205852&partnerID=40&md5=c7df800205f1389fd7180146f3242486}, year = {2002}, date = {2002-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {210}, pages = {59 -- 67}, abstract = {A pharmacokinetic study of oxytetracycline (OTC) following an intravascular administration (40 mg/kg) was carried out in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (110 g), at 13.5 and 22°C water temperature. Blood, muscle and liver samples were taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 h post-injection. The plasma data were conformed to a two-compamnent model. The kinetic profile of the drug was found to be temperature dependent. The absorption half-life (t1/2a) of OTC was 0.98 and 0.192 h at 13.5 and 22°C, respectively, whereas the elimination half-time (t1/2β) of the drug was 69 h at 13.5°C and 9.65 h at 22°C. The apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady state [Vd(ss)] was 5.62 l/kg at 13.5°C and 2.59 l/kg at 22°C. The mean residence time (MRT) of OTC was found to be 37.7 h at 22°C and 71 h at 13.5°C. The total clearance of the drug (CLT) was calculated to be 73.5 and 68.7 ml/kg/h at 13.5 and 22°C, respectively. Liver levels indicated higher OTC values than respective muscle levels at all time points and for both temperatures. The elimination of OTC from tissues tested was faster at the high temperature, whereas the drug was eliminated faster from liver compared to muscle when comparisons are made at the same temperature. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A pharmacokinetic study of oxytetracycline (OTC) following an intravascular administration (40 mg/kg) was carried out in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (110 g), at 13.5 and 22°C water temperature. Blood, muscle and liver samples were taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 h post-injection. The plasma data were conformed to a two-compamnent model. The kinetic profile of the drug was found to be temperature dependent. The absorption half-life (t1/2a) of OTC was 0.98 and 0.192 h at 13.5 and 22°C, respectively, whereas the elimination half-time (t1/2β) of the drug was 69 h at 13.5°C and 9.65 h at 22°C. The apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady state [Vd(ss)] was 5.62 l/kg at 13.5°C and 2.59 l/kg at 22°C. The mean residence time (MRT) of OTC was found to be 37.7 h at 22°C and 71 h at 13.5°C. The total clearance of the drug (CLT) was calculated to be 73.5 and 68.7 ml/kg/h at 13.5 and 22°C, respectively. Liver levels indicated higher OTC values than respective muscle levels at all time points and for both temperatures. The elimination of OTC from tissues tested was faster at the high temperature, whereas the drug was eliminated faster from liver compared to muscle when comparisons are made at the same temperature. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
Rigos, G; Alexis, M; Tyrpenou, A E; Nengas, I; Piper, I; Troisi, G Pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. Journal Article Journal of Fish Diseases, 25 , pp. 401 – 408, 2002. @article{rigos_pharmacokinetics_2002-1, title = {Pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L.}, author = {G Rigos and M Alexis and A E Tyrpenou and I Nengas and I Piper and G Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036333185&partnerID=40&md5=56977a9d1b32140fe02fdfb38572cf87}, year = {2002}, date = {2002-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases}, volume = {25}, pages = {401 -- 408}, abstract = {This is the first study on the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxolinic acid (OA) in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. The kinetic profile of OA was studied after a single intravascular injection (20 mg kg-1) in 100 g fish at 20°C. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of the drug were found to be short (0.51 and 12.60 h, respectively). The drug penetration from the plasma to the tissues was adequate as the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) was found to be 2.11 L kg-1. The mean residence time (MRT) of OA was short (14.25 h) and the total clearance rate (ClT) of the drug was low (0.15 L kg-1 h-1). The bioavailability (F%) of OA following oral administration (30 mg kg-1) was also low (14%). Maximum values were observed for muscle at 0.5 h after injection, with levels declining as with subsequent sampling. At the first two time points (0.5 and 1 h) plasma levels of OA were higher than muscle, however, the reverse was evident for subsequent samples. Following oral administration, highest musde levels were found at 16 h and, with the exception of the 24-h sampling, musde OA concentrations were higher than plasma at all time points. The fast elimination of OA suggests short withdrawal times with reference to human consumption of treated fish.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This is the first study on the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxolinic acid (OA) in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. The kinetic profile of OA was studied after a single intravascular injection (20 mg kg-1) in 100 g fish at 20°C. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of the drug were found to be short (0.51 and 12.60 h, respectively). The drug penetration from the plasma to the tissues was adequate as the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) was found to be 2.11 L kg-1. The mean residence time (MRT) of OA was short (14.25 h) and the total clearance rate (ClT) of the drug was low (0.15 L kg-1 h-1). The bioavailability (F%) of OA following oral administration (30 mg kg-1) was also low (14%). Maximum values were observed for muscle at 0.5 h after injection, with levels declining as with subsequent sampling. At the first two time points (0.5 and 1 h) plasma levels of OA were higher than muscle, however, the reverse was evident for subsequent samples. Following oral administration, highest musde levels were found at 16 h and, with the exception of the 24-h sampling, musde OA concentrations were higher than plasma at all time points. The fast elimination of OA suggests short withdrawal times with reference to human consumption of treated fish. |
Rigos, G; Alexis, M; Andriopoulou, A; Nengas, I Aquaculture Research, 33 , pp. 1175 – 1181, 2002. @article{rigos_temperature-dependent_2002, title = {Temperature-dependent pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxolinic acid in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., after a single intravascular injection}, author = {G Rigos and M Alexis and A Andriopoulou and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037180348&partnerID=40&md5=994b617ee638610a5a8b9aef295f8c93}, year = {2002}, date = {2002-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {33}, pages = {1175 -- 1181}, abstract = {The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxolinic acid following an intravascular administration (15 mg kg-1 fish) were determined in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. (110g), at 13°C and 22°C water temperature. The kinetic profile of the drug was found to be temperature dependent, with increased temperature having a greater effect on distribution after equilibrium and the elimination phase than on the distribution process. The distibution half-life of oxolinic acid was 1.15 and 2.76h at 22°C and 13°C respectively, whereas the elimination half-life of the drug was 55h at 22°C and 315h at 13°C. The values of the apparent volume of distribution (1.44Lkg-1 at 22°C and 3.31 Lkg-1 at 13°C) and the volume of distribution at steady state (5.2 and 14.7Lkg-1 at the high and low temperature respectively) were considerably different between the two tested temperatures. The total body clearance of the antibiotic was found to be low (1.47Lkg-1 day-1 at 22°C and 0.80Lkg-1 day-1 at 13°C). Lower rates of elimination were found for the liver compared with muscle, the difference increasing with increasing temperature, while elimination rates from the serum were higher than those of other tissues, especially at the high temperature.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxolinic acid following an intravascular administration (15 mg kg-1 fish) were determined in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. (110g), at 13°C and 22°C water temperature. The kinetic profile of the drug was found to be temperature dependent, with increased temperature having a greater effect on distribution after equilibrium and the elimination phase than on the distribution process. The distibution half-life of oxolinic acid was 1.15 and 2.76h at 22°C and 13°C respectively, whereas the elimination half-life of the drug was 55h at 22°C and 315h at 13°C. The values of the apparent volume of distribution (1.44Lkg-1 at 22°C and 3.31 Lkg-1 at 13°C) and the volume of distribution at steady state (5.2 and 14.7Lkg-1 at the high and low temperature respectively) were considerably different between the two tested temperatures. The total body clearance of the antibiotic was found to be low (1.47Lkg-1 day-1 at 22°C and 0.80Lkg-1 day-1 at 13°C). Lower rates of elimination were found for the liver compared with muscle, the difference increasing with increasing temperature, while elimination rates from the serum were higher than those of other tissues, especially at the high temperature. |
Rigos, G; Tyrpenou, A; Nengas, I; Alexis, M A pharmacokinetic study of flumequine in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), after a single intravascular injection Journal Article Journal of Fish Diseases, 25 , pp. 101 – 105, 2002. @article{rigos_pharmacokinetic_2002, title = {A pharmacokinetic study of flumequine in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), after a single intravascular injection}, author = {G Rigos and A Tyrpenou and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036179502&partnerID=40&md5=fd41e0c3449ea53a451c6d5064795226}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00340.x}, year = {2002}, date = {2002-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases}, volume = {25}, pages = {101 -- 105}, abstract = {The pharmacokinetic properties of flumequine following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg -1 fish) were studied in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), 120 g held at 18°C. The absorption half life (t 1/2α) and the elimination half life (t 1/2β) of the drug were calculated to be 1.05 and 10.71 h, respectively. Tissue penetration of flumequine seemed to be moderate because both the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (V d(ss)) and the extensive apparent volume of the central compartment (V c) were found to be small (1.51 and 0.626 L kg -1). The mean residence time (MRT) was short (09.73 h) and the total clearance (CL T) of the drug was rapid (0.156 L kg -1 h -1).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The pharmacokinetic properties of flumequine following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg -1 fish) were studied in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), 120 g held at 18°C. The absorption half life (t 1/2α) and the elimination half life (t 1/2β) of the drug were calculated to be 1.05 and 10.71 h, respectively. Tissue penetration of flumequine seemed to be moderate because both the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (V d(ss)) and the extensive apparent volume of the central compartment (V c) were found to be small (1.51 and 0.626 L kg -1). The mean residence time (MRT) was short (09.73 h) and the total clearance (CL T) of the drug was rapid (0.156 L kg -1 h -1). |
2001 |
Rigos, G; Stevenson, R Aquaculture International, 9 , pp. 247 – 253, 2001. @article{rigos_effect_2001, title = {The effect of antibiotic treatment on the establishment of persistent infection with Yersinia ruckeri Serovar II in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)}, author = {G Rigos and R Stevenson}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0035741198&partnerID=40&md5=70a523c4134f5aee8b8488ffc10cc738}, year = {2001}, date = {2001-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture International}, volume = {9}, pages = {247 -- 253}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Rigos, G; Pavlidis, M; Divanach, P Host susceptibility to Cryptocaryon sp. infection of Mediterranean marine broodfish held under intensive culture conditions: A case report Journal Article Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 21 , pp. 33 – 36, 2001. @article{rigos_host_2001, title = {Host susceptibility to Cryptocaryon sp. infection of Mediterranean marine broodfish held under intensive culture conditions: A case report}, author = {G Rigos and M Pavlidis and P Divanach}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0002831958&partnerID=40&md5=265b03fc4289569f541da14d6b89a6c8}, year = {2001}, date = {2001-01-01}, journal = {Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists}, volume = {21}, pages = {33 -- 36}, abstract = {The detrimental effect of Cryptocaryon irritans exhibiting a host specificity on several marine fish broodstock is described in this study. The parasite caused considerable mortalities on gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, common dentex, Dentex dentex, and greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, while red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, white sea bream, Diplodus sargus, sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and sharpsnout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo, remained unaffected. Chemical treatments were not found to be effective against the intense parasitosis and only extended, rapid and repeated hyposalinity measures seemed to minimise fish losses.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The detrimental effect of Cryptocaryon irritans exhibiting a host specificity on several marine fish broodstock is described in this study. The parasite caused considerable mortalities on gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, common dentex, Dentex dentex, and greater amberjack, Seriola dumerili, while red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, white sea bream, Diplodus sargus, sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, and sharpsnout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo, remained unaffected. Chemical treatments were not found to be effective against the intense parasitosis and only extended, rapid and repeated hyposalinity measures seemed to minimise fish losses. |
2000 |
Rigos, G; Kotzamanis, I; Gialamas, I; Nengas, I; Alexis, M Toxicity and digestibility of fumagillin DCH in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. Journal Article Journal of Fish Diseases, 23 , pp. 161 – 164, 2000. @article{rigos_toxicity_2000, title = {Toxicity and digestibility of fumagillin DCH in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L.}, author = {G Rigos and I Kotzamanis and I Gialamas and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033835878&partnerID=40&md5=fe8776f28328e1bb9903067f107d2210}, year = {2000}, date = {2000-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases}, volume = {23}, pages = {161 -- 164}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
1999 |
Rigos, G; Christophilogiannis, P; Yiagnisi, M; Andriopoulou, A; Koutsodimou, M; Nengas, I; Alexis, M Myxosporean infections in Greek mariculture Journal Article Aquaculture International, 7 , pp. 361 – 364, 1999. @article{rigos_myxosporean_1999, title = {Myxosporean infections in Greek mariculture}, author = {G Rigos and P Christophilogiannis and M Yiagnisi and A Andriopoulou and M Koutsodimou and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033512619&partnerID=40&md5=b36f94c8f28917da682199a49d768f7b}, year = {1999}, date = {1999-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture International}, volume = {7}, pages = {361 -- 364}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Rigos, G; Alexis, M; Nengas, I Leaching, palatability and digestibility of oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid included in diets fed to seabass Dicentrarchus labrax L. Journal Article Aquaculture Research, 30 , pp. 841 – 847, 1999. @article{rigos_leaching_1999, title = {Leaching, palatability and digestibility of oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid included in diets fed to seabass Dicentrarchus labrax L.}, author = {G Rigos and M Alexis and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033385354&partnerID=40&md5=b697c8b14ba6b9a0fe7b97acc49786f2}, year = {1999}, date = {1999-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {30}, pages = {841 -- 847}, abstract = {The leaching of oxolinic acid (OA) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from medicated feeds, as well as the palatability and digestibility of these drugs were investigated in seabass Dicentrarchus labrax L. (350g) at 16°C and 24°C water temperature. Oil- coated OA and OTC on feeds were greatly affected by leaching at 16 °C (losses of 55.5% and 42.5% for OA and OTC respectively) and 24 °C (32% for OA and 47% for OTC). However, a significant reduction in drug loss resulting from leaching was evident when the antibiotics were mixed with the diet at 16°C (5% for OA and 6.5% for OTC) and 24°C (10% and 20% for OA and OTC respectively). Increased water temperature induced a significant effect on the leaching of both drugs when mixed with the feed, but did not affect the loss of oil-coated drugs. There was a significant reduction in feed consumption of fish fed a diet with oil-coated OTC (90% and 92% at 16°C and 24°C respectively), whereas intake of feed containing oil-coated OA was only slightly affected (10% at 16 °C, 12% at 24 °C). The depressed palatability of feeds containing oil-coated OTC was overcome by mixing the drug with the diet. Both antibiotics were well digested by seabass (94% and 85% for OA and OTC respectively) at 24°C; however, more than one-third of each drug was recovered in the faeces at 16 °C (64% and 59% for OA and OTC respectively). The significance of these findings for the interaction between fish therapy and marine environment is stressed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The leaching of oxolinic acid (OA) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from medicated feeds, as well as the palatability and digestibility of these drugs were investigated in seabass Dicentrarchus labrax L. (350g) at 16°C and 24°C water temperature. Oil- coated OA and OTC on feeds were greatly affected by leaching at 16 °C (losses of 55.5% and 42.5% for OA and OTC respectively) and 24 °C (32% for OA and 47% for OTC). However, a significant reduction in drug loss resulting from leaching was evident when the antibiotics were mixed with the diet at 16°C (5% for OA and 6.5% for OTC) and 24°C (10% and 20% for OA and OTC respectively). Increased water temperature induced a significant effect on the leaching of both drugs when mixed with the feed, but did not affect the loss of oil-coated drugs. There was a significant reduction in feed consumption of fish fed a diet with oil-coated OTC (90% and 92% at 16°C and 24°C respectively), whereas intake of feed containing oil-coated OA was only slightly affected (10% at 16 °C, 12% at 24 °C). The depressed palatability of feeds containing oil-coated OTC was overcome by mixing the drug with the diet. Both antibiotics were well digested by seabass (94% and 85% for OA and OTC respectively) at 24°C; however, more than one-third of each drug was recovered in the faeces at 16 °C (64% and 59% for OA and OTC respectively). The significance of these findings for the interaction between fish therapy and marine environment is stressed. |
1998 |
Rigos, G; Grigorakis, K; Nengas, I; Christophilogiannis, P; Yiagnisi, M; Koutsodimou, M; Andriopoulou, A; Alexis, M Stress-related pathology seems a significant obstacle for the intensive farming of common dentex, Dentex dentex (linnaeus 1758) Journal Article Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 18 , pp. 15 – 18, 1998. @article{rigos_stress-related_1998, title = {Stress-related pathology seems a significant obstacle for the intensive farming of common dentex, Dentex dentex (linnaeus 1758)}, author = {G Rigos and K Grigorakis and I Nengas and P Christophilogiannis and M Yiagnisi and M Koutsodimou and A Andriopoulou and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0003198749&partnerID=40&md5=304dccbac8bdb17b0c47eb5a179a0be7}, year = {1998}, date = {1998-01-01}, journal = {Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists}, volume = {18}, pages = {15 -- 18}, abstract = {High mortalities of pathological origin were evident when juvenile common dentex (Dentex dentex) L. were exposed to stress situations and increased handling. The pathological examination of an outbreak revealed the presence of two parasites, two bacterial pathogens and a chlamydia-like organism. These pathological findings that were accompanied with a moderate agonistic behaviour of the fish and cannibalism signs seem to be associated with the relatively high susceptibility of common dentex to stress conditions. The stressed individuals found to succumb easily to disease problems leading to progressive mortalities. Similar findings were appeared in the investigation of a new disease incidence due to bacterial infections. Neither pathological signs nor agonistic behaviour or cannibalism bites were evident when the fish were exposed to minimum stress situations and not extensively handled.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } High mortalities of pathological origin were evident when juvenile common dentex (Dentex dentex) L. were exposed to stress situations and increased handling. The pathological examination of an outbreak revealed the presence of two parasites, two bacterial pathogens and a chlamydia-like organism. These pathological findings that were accompanied with a moderate agonistic behaviour of the fish and cannibalism signs seem to be associated with the relatively high susceptibility of common dentex to stress conditions. The stressed individuals found to succumb easily to disease problems leading to progressive mortalities. Similar findings were appeared in the investigation of a new disease incidence due to bacterial infections. Neither pathological signs nor agonistic behaviour or cannibalism bites were evident when the fish were exposed to minimum stress situations and not extensively handled. |
Rigos, G; Christophilogiannis, P; Giahnishi, M; Andriopoulou, A; Koutsodimoy, M; Nengas, I; Alexis, M Amyloodinium occelatum infestation on sharpsnout sea bream, Puntazzo puntazzo cetti Journal Article Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 18 , pp. 198 – 200, 1998. @article{rigos_amyloodinium_1998, title = {Amyloodinium occelatum infestation on sharpsnout sea bream, Puntazzo puntazzo cetti}, author = {G Rigos and P Christophilogiannis and M Giahnishi and A Andriopoulou and M Koutsodimoy and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3042877967&partnerID=40&md5=e145ac3be1044818c798bd4a72383612}, year = {1998}, date = {1998-01-01}, journal = {Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists}, volume = {18}, pages = {198 -- 200}, abstract = {The devastating effect of Amyloodinium occelatum on sharpsnout sea bream, Puntazzo puntazzo Cetti is described in this note. Massive and rapid mortalities (100% in 48 h) of cultured juvenile (12 g) sharpsnout sea bream were attributed to an epizootic infection with the dinoflagellate A. occelatum parasitising the gills. A clinical infection was also apparent in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L (10 g ) kept in adjacent cages but 25 % of the infected population survived the infection. On the contrary, sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. (20gr) that were maintained near to the infected Sparids remained unaffected. This epizootic was attributed to the location of the cages site and the optimum for the parasite water temperature. The incidence confirms the lethal identity of the particular pathogen on cultured fish.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The devastating effect of Amyloodinium occelatum on sharpsnout sea bream, Puntazzo puntazzo Cetti is described in this note. Massive and rapid mortalities (100% in 48 h) of cultured juvenile (12 g) sharpsnout sea bream were attributed to an epizootic infection with the dinoflagellate A. occelatum parasitising the gills. A clinical infection was also apparent in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L (10 g ) kept in adjacent cages but 25 % of the infected population survived the infection. On the contrary, sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. (20gr) that were maintained near to the infected Sparids remained unaffected. This epizootic was attributed to the location of the cages site and the optimum for the parasite water temperature. The incidence confirms the lethal identity of the particular pathogen on cultured fish. |
1997 |
Rigos, G; Grigorakis, K; Christophilogannis, P; Nengas, I; Alexis, M Ceratomyxa spp. (myxosporea) infection in cultured common dentex from Greece Journal Article Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 17 , pp. 174 – 176, 1997. @article{rigos_ceratomyxa_1997, title = {Ceratomyxa spp. (myxosporea) infection in cultured common dentex from Greece}, author = {G Rigos and K Grigorakis and P Christophilogannis and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0001359151&partnerID=40&md5=c9888b53eed53faf487895ab5061da21}, year = {1997}, date = {1997-01-01}, journal = {Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists}, volume = {17}, pages = {174 -- 176}, abstract = {Ceratomyxosis was found in common dentex (Dentex dentex L.), a new cultured Sparidae species in Mediterranean mariculture. The cause of the disease appeared to be the myxosporean Ceratomyxa diplodae and C. labrakis with the first being more prevalent. Both coelozoic species were recovered from the bile and the intestinal mucosa without affecting other tissues, however, a possible disorder of the digestive functions may be the cause of the moderate emaciation and mortality of the fish.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ceratomyxosis was found in common dentex (Dentex dentex L.), a new cultured Sparidae species in Mediterranean mariculture. The cause of the disease appeared to be the myxosporean Ceratomyxa diplodae and C. labrakis with the first being more prevalent. Both coelozoic species were recovered from the bile and the intestinal mucosa without affecting other tissues, however, a possible disorder of the digestive functions may be the cause of the moderate emaciation and mortality of the fish. |