2023 |
Alfonso, Sébastien; Mente, Elena; Fiocchi, Eleonora; Manfrin, Amedeo; Dimitroglou, Arkadios; Papaharisis, Leonidas; Barkas, Dimitris; Toomey, Lola; Boscarato, Marilena; Losasso, Carmen; Peruzzo, Arianna; Stefani, Annalisa; Zupa, Walter; Spedicato, Maria Teresa; Nengas, Ioannis; Lembo, Giuseppe; Carbonara, Pierluigi Scientific Reports, 13 (1), pp. 21269, 2023, ISSN: 2045-2322. @article{alfonso_growth_2023, title = {Growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed an environmentally and economically sustainable low marine protein diet in sea cages}, author = {Sébastien Alfonso and Elena Mente and Eleonora Fiocchi and Amedeo Manfrin and Arkadios Dimitroglou and Leonidas Papaharisis and Dimitris Barkas and Lola Toomey and Marilena Boscarato and Carmen Losasso and Arianna Peruzzo and Annalisa Stefani and Walter Zupa and Maria Teresa Spedicato and Ioannis Nengas and Giuseppe Lembo and Pierluigi Carbonara}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2023-Alfonso-Sci-rep-68.pdf https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-48533-3}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-023-48533-3}, issn = {2045-2322}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-12-28}, urldate = {2024-01-16}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {21269}, abstract = {Abstract The large use of fish meal/fish oil in carnivorous fish feeds is the main concern regarding environmental sustainability of aquaculture. Here, we evaluated the effects of an innovative diet, designed to be (1) environmentally sustainable by lowering the marine protein content while being (2) cost effective by using sustainable alternative raw materials with acceptable cost and produced on an industrial scale, on growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ), a key species of the Mediterranean marine aquaculture, reared in sea cages. Results show that the specific growth rate of fish fed the low marine protein diet was significantly lower than those fed conventional diet (0.67% vs 0.69%). Fatty acid profile of fillets from fish fed a low marine protein diet presented significant lower n-6 and higher n-3 content when compared to conventional ones. Then, a significant increase in the abundance of Vibrio and reduction of Photobacterium were found in the gut of fish fed with the low marine protein diet but effects on sea bass health needs further investigation. Finally, no major health and welfare alterations for fish fed the low marine protein diet were observed, combined with a potential slight benefit related to humoral immunity. Overall, these results suggest that despite the low marine protein diet moderately affects growth performance, it nevertheless may enhance environmental and economic sustainability of the sea bass aquaculture.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract The large use of fish meal/fish oil in carnivorous fish feeds is the main concern regarding environmental sustainability of aquaculture. Here, we evaluated the effects of an innovative diet, designed to be (1) environmentally sustainable by lowering the marine protein content while being (2) cost effective by using sustainable alternative raw materials with acceptable cost and produced on an industrial scale, on growth performance, gut microbiota composition, health and welfare of European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ), a key species of the Mediterranean marine aquaculture, reared in sea cages. Results show that the specific growth rate of fish fed the low marine protein diet was significantly lower than those fed conventional diet (0.67% vs 0.69%). Fatty acid profile of fillets from fish fed a low marine protein diet presented significant lower n-6 and higher n-3 content when compared to conventional ones. Then, a significant increase in the abundance of Vibrio and reduction of Photobacterium were found in the gut of fish fed with the low marine protein diet but effects on sea bass health needs further investigation. Finally, no major health and welfare alterations for fish fed the low marine protein diet were observed, combined with a potential slight benefit related to humoral immunity. Overall, these results suggest that despite the low marine protein diet moderately affects growth performance, it nevertheless may enhance environmental and economic sustainability of the sea bass aquaculture. |
Vardali, Sofia; Papadouli, Christina; Maniaki, Myrto; Karatzinos, Theodoros; Rigos, George; Nengas, Ioannis; Panagiotaki, Panagiota; Golomazou, Eleni Detection of Mycotoxins in Aquaculture Feed Ingredients Using a Rapid FT-NIR Method Journal Article Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development, 14 (12), pp. 1–7, 2023, ISSN: 2155-9546. @article{vardali_detection_2024, title = {Detection of Mycotoxins in Aquaculture Feed Ingredients Using a Rapid FT-NIR Method}, author = {Sofia Vardali and Christina Papadouli and Myrto Maniaki and Theodoros Karatzinos and George Rigos and Ioannis Nengas and Panagiota Panagiotaki and Eleni Golomazou}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2023-Vardali-JAquaRD-69-2.pdf https://www.walshmedicalmedia.com/abstract/detection-of-mycotoxins-in-aquaculture-feed-ingredients-using-a-rapid-ftnir-method-125229.html}, issn = {2155-9546}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-12-28}, urldate = {2024-01-18}, journal = {Journal of Aquaculture Research & Development}, volume = {14}, number = {12}, pages = {1--7}, abstract = {Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different types of fungi. They are frequently present in fish feed ingredients and may negatively impact fish farming operations. In this study aquafeed ingredients collected from suppliers in Greece were spectrally analyzed with Fourier-transform Near Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR). Mycotoxin concentration was indirectly estimated by measuring the spectral absorption from organic compounds present in the samples. In the examined samples, Fumonisin B1 (FB1), Fumonisin B2 (FB2), Zearalenone (ZEN), and Deoxynivalenol (DON) were measured as the predominant mycotoxins, whereas Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) were not detected. Notably, all mycotoxin concentrations in aquafeed ingredients remained well below the Maximum Permitted Limits (MPL), affirming the safety of aquaculture feeds used in Greece in compliance with the relevant legislation. This underscores the importance of continuous monitoring of fish feed ingredients, given the presence of mycotoxins at low concentrations that may pose a threat to animal health. Moreover, the application of FT-NIR confirms that it is a valuable analytical tool for contaminant detection, offering distinct advantages compared to traditional analytical methods, including speed, cost-effectiveness, safety, and simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by different types of fungi. They are frequently present in fish feed ingredients and may negatively impact fish farming operations. In this study aquafeed ingredients collected from suppliers in Greece were spectrally analyzed with Fourier-transform Near Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-NIR). Mycotoxin concentration was indirectly estimated by measuring the spectral absorption from organic compounds present in the samples. In the examined samples, Fumonisin B1 (FB1), Fumonisin B2 (FB2), Zearalenone (ZEN), and Deoxynivalenol (DON) were measured as the predominant mycotoxins, whereas Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) were not detected. Notably, all mycotoxin concentrations in aquafeed ingredients remained well below the Maximum Permitted Limits (MPL), affirming the safety of aquaculture feeds used in Greece in compliance with the relevant legislation. This underscores the importance of continuous monitoring of fish feed ingredients, given the presence of mycotoxins at low concentrations that may pose a threat to animal health. Moreover, the application of FT-NIR confirms that it is a valuable analytical tool for contaminant detection, offering distinct advantages compared to traditional analytical methods, including speed, cost-effectiveness, safety, and simultaneous analysis of multiple parameters. |
Vasilaki, A; Mente, E; Fountoulaki, E; Henry, M; Nikoloudaki, C; Berillis, P; Kousoulaki, K; Nengas, I Fishmeal, plant protein, and fish oil substitution with single-cell ingredients in organic feeds for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Journal Article Frontiers in Physiology, 14 , pp. 1199497, 2023, ISSN: 1664-042X. @article{vasilaki_fishmeal_2023, title = {Fishmeal, plant protein, and fish oil substitution with single-cell ingredients in organic feeds for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)}, author = {A Vasilaki and E Mente and E Fountoulaki and M Henry and C Nikoloudaki and P Berillis and K Kousoulaki and I Nengas}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-Vasilaki-Frontiers-Physio-28.pdf https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1199497/full}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2023.1199497}, issn = {1664-042X}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-06-06}, urldate = {2023-06-12}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, volume = {14}, pages = {1199497}, abstract = {Single-cell ingredients (SCI) are considered promising nutrient sources which are produced using environmentally friendly biotechnological processes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the replacement of fishmeal, plant protein sources, and fish oil with SCI in organic feeds for European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). Bacterial protein, yeast protein, and microalgae were used to replace fishmeal trimmings, soya bean meal, and fish oil from trimmings. Triplicate groups (30 fish per replicate) of European sea bass (14.4 ± 2.4 g) were fed the experimental diets for 71 days. The results showed that the incorporation of SCI at all levels of inclusion significantly enhanced nutrient digestibility. Additionally, growth performance parameters were not affected by SCI inclusion, exhibiting similar or improved values. Moreover, a tendency for improved anterior and posterior gut structure was observed and a significant increase of lysozyme activity at the two highest inclusion levels of SCI was determined. Overall, the results showed that the inclusion of SCI at 15% (bacterial: yeast: algae—9.4: 4.7: 1) is possible without compromising any of the parameters evaluated. According to these findings, a higher substitution of fishmeal trimmings, plant protein sources, and fish oil from trimmings with SCI in organic diets for European sea bass ( D. labrax ) can be further evaluated in future studies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Single-cell ingredients (SCI) are considered promising nutrient sources which are produced using environmentally friendly biotechnological processes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the replacement of fishmeal, plant protein sources, and fish oil with SCI in organic feeds for European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). Bacterial protein, yeast protein, and microalgae were used to replace fishmeal trimmings, soya bean meal, and fish oil from trimmings. Triplicate groups (30 fish per replicate) of European sea bass (14.4 ± 2.4 g) were fed the experimental diets for 71 days. The results showed that the incorporation of SCI at all levels of inclusion significantly enhanced nutrient digestibility. Additionally, growth performance parameters were not affected by SCI inclusion, exhibiting similar or improved values. Moreover, a tendency for improved anterior and posterior gut structure was observed and a significant increase of lysozyme activity at the two highest inclusion levels of SCI was determined. Overall, the results showed that the inclusion of SCI at 15% (bacterial: yeast: algae—9.4: 4.7: 1) is possible without compromising any of the parameters evaluated. According to these findings, a higher substitution of fishmeal trimmings, plant protein sources, and fish oil from trimmings with SCI in organic diets for European sea bass ( D. labrax ) can be further evaluated in future studies. |
Vardali, Sofia; Papadouli, Christina; Rigos, George; Nengas, Ioannis; Panagiotaki, Panagiota; Golomazou, Eleni Recent Advances in Mycotoxin Determination in Fish Feed Ingredients Journal Article Molecules, 28 (6), pp. 2519, 2023, ISSN: 1420-3049. @article{vardali_recent_2023, title = {Recent Advances in Mycotoxin Determination in Fish Feed Ingredients}, author = {Sofia Vardali and Christina Papadouli and George Rigos and Ioannis Nengas and Panagiota Panagiotaki and Eleni Golomazou}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2023-Vardali-Mol-15-1.pdf https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2519}, doi = {10.3390/molecules28062519}, issn = {1420-3049}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-03-13}, urldate = {2023-03-13}, journal = {Molecules}, volume = {28}, number = {6}, pages = {2519}, abstract = {Low-cost plant-based sources used in aquaculture diets are prone to the occurrence of animal feed contaminants, which may in certain conditions affect the quality and safety of aquafeeds. Mycotoxins, a toxic group of small organic molecules produced by fungi, comprise a frequently occurring plant-based feed contaminant in aquafeeds. Mycotoxin contamination can potentially cause significant mortality, reduced productivity, and higher disease susceptibility; thus, its timely detection is crucial to the aquaculture industry. The present review summarizes the methodological advances, developed mainly during the past decade, related to mycotoxin detection in aquafeed ingredients, namely analytical, chromatographic, and immunological methodologies, as well as the use of biosensors and spectroscopic methods which are becoming more prevalent. Rapid and accurate mycotoxin detection is and will continue to be crucial to the food industry, animal production, and the environment, resulting in further improvements and developments in mycotoxin detection techniques.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Low-cost plant-based sources used in aquaculture diets are prone to the occurrence of animal feed contaminants, which may in certain conditions affect the quality and safety of aquafeeds. Mycotoxins, a toxic group of small organic molecules produced by fungi, comprise a frequently occurring plant-based feed contaminant in aquafeeds. Mycotoxin contamination can potentially cause significant mortality, reduced productivity, and higher disease susceptibility; thus, its timely detection is crucial to the aquaculture industry. The present review summarizes the methodological advances, developed mainly during the past decade, related to mycotoxin detection in aquafeed ingredients, namely analytical, chromatographic, and immunological methodologies, as well as the use of biosensors and spectroscopic methods which are becoming more prevalent. Rapid and accurate mycotoxin detection is and will continue to be crucial to the food industry, animal production, and the environment, resulting in further improvements and developments in mycotoxin detection techniques. |
2021 |
Mente, Eleni; Carter, Chris G; Barnes, Robin (Katersky) S; Vlahos, Nikolaos; Nengas, Ioannis Post-Prandial Amino Acid Changes in Gilthead Sea Bream Journal Article Animals, 11 (7), pp. 1889, 2021, ISSN: 2076-2615. @article{mente_post-prandial_2021, title = {Post-Prandial Amino Acid Changes in Gilthead Sea Bream}, author = {Eleni Mente and Chris G Carter and Robin (Katersky) S Barnes and Nikolaos Vlahos and Ioannis Nengas}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-Mente-Animals-54.pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/7/1889}, doi = {10.3390/ani11071889}, issn = {2076-2615}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-01}, urldate = {2021-07-26}, journal = {Animals}, volume = {11}, number = {7}, pages = {1889}, abstract = {Following a meal, a series of physiological changes occurs in fish as they digest, absorb and assimilate ingested nutrients. This study aims to assess post-prandial free amino acid (FAA) activity in gilthead sea bream consuming a partial marine protein (fishmeal) replacement. Sea bream were fed diets where 16 and 27% of the fishmeal protein was replaced by plant protein. The essential amino acid (EAA) composition of the white muscle, liver and gut of sea bream was strongly correlated with the EAA composition of the 16% protein replacement diet compared to the 27% protein replacement diet. The mean FAA concentration in the white muscle and liver changed at 4 to 8 h after a meal and was not different to pre-feeding (0 h) and at 24 h after feeding. It was confirmed in this study that 16% replacement of marine protein with plant protein meets the amino acid needs of sea bream. Overall, the present study contributes towards understanding post-prandial amino acid profiles during uptake, tissue assimilation and immediate metabolic processing of amino acids in sea bream consuming a partial marine protein replacement. This study suggests the need to further investigate the magnitude of the post-prandial tissue-specific amino acid activity in relation to species-specific abilities to regulate metabolism due to dietary nutrient utilization.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Following a meal, a series of physiological changes occurs in fish as they digest, absorb and assimilate ingested nutrients. This study aims to assess post-prandial free amino acid (FAA) activity in gilthead sea bream consuming a partial marine protein (fishmeal) replacement. Sea bream were fed diets where 16 and 27% of the fishmeal protein was replaced by plant protein. The essential amino acid (EAA) composition of the white muscle, liver and gut of sea bream was strongly correlated with the EAA composition of the 16% protein replacement diet compared to the 27% protein replacement diet. The mean FAA concentration in the white muscle and liver changed at 4 to 8 h after a meal and was not different to pre-feeding (0 h) and at 24 h after feeding. It was confirmed in this study that 16% replacement of marine protein with plant protein meets the amino acid needs of sea bream. Overall, the present study contributes towards understanding post-prandial amino acid profiles during uptake, tissue assimilation and immediate metabolic processing of amino acids in sea bream consuming a partial marine protein replacement. This study suggests the need to further investigate the magnitude of the post-prandial tissue-specific amino acid activity in relation to species-specific abilities to regulate metabolism due to dietary nutrient utilization. |
2016 |
Kousoulaki, K; Mørkøre, T; Nengas, I; Berge, R K; Sweetman, J Microalgae and organic minerals enhance lipid retention efficiency and fillet quality in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) Journal Article Aquaculture, 451 , pp. 47–57, 2016, ISSN: 00448486, (Publisher: Elsevier B.V.). @article{kousoulaki_microalgae_2016, title = {Microalgae and organic minerals enhance lipid retention efficiency and fillet quality in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)}, author = {K Kousoulaki and T Mørkøre and I Nengas and R K Berge and J Sweetman}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84941312977&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2015.08.027&partnerID=40&md5=0d1a399c2f8122be8512797e75ee36ae}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.08.027}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {451}, pages = {47--57}, abstract = {Pure spray dried DHA rich microalgae biomass (Schizochytrium sp.) was used to replace fish oil as a source of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) in medium (150gkg-1; MF) and low fish (100gkg-1; LF) meal diets for Atlantic salmon post smolt supplemented with either inorganic or organic minerals (OM: Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and Se). The diets were balanced for total saturated fatty acids (SFA), sum DHA+EPA and n-3/n-6 ratio and had similar protein and energy digestibility and high pellet technical quality. Lipid digestibility was above 90% in all diets, nevertheless 2.3% lower in the diet containing 50gkg-1 microalgae, compared to the control, mainly due to the lower digestibility of SFA in the microalgae rich diets. The experimental fish grew from 0.4kg to 1.1kg with no significant differences in growth rate (TGC 3.7-3.8) or feed conversion ratio (FCR 0.7) among the dietary treatments. The retention efficiency of EPA+DHA in salmon body was significantly improved in the fish fed diets containing increasing levels of microalgae, and thus lower EPA/DHA ratios. Moreover, liver lipid levels were decreased and dress-out percentage increased by increasing microalgae dietary supplementation level. The fillet levels of SFA and DHA+EPA were similar for all treatments. Improved fillet quality in terms of lower gaping scores was observed with increasing dietary inclusion level of Schizochytrium sp. and even more pronounced for salmon fed organic minerals. No significant effects on fish blood plasma chemistry and whole body mineral content were observed. Statement of relevance: Aquaculture is in urgent need of adequate volumes of new LCn-3PUFA sources, alternative to fish oil. The current work documents the feasibility of using practically relevant levels of heterotrophic microalgae as LCn-3PUFA source in the diet of Atlantic salmon in terms of extruded feed production feasibility, general fish performance, fish fillet product quality (nutritional and technical), nutrient retention efficiency and blood chemistry. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.}, note = {Publisher: Elsevier B.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Pure spray dried DHA rich microalgae biomass (Schizochytrium sp.) was used to replace fish oil as a source of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) in medium (150gkg-1; MF) and low fish (100gkg-1; LF) meal diets for Atlantic salmon post smolt supplemented with either inorganic or organic minerals (OM: Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and Se). The diets were balanced for total saturated fatty acids (SFA), sum DHA+EPA and n-3/n-6 ratio and had similar protein and energy digestibility and high pellet technical quality. Lipid digestibility was above 90% in all diets, nevertheless 2.3% lower in the diet containing 50gkg-1 microalgae, compared to the control, mainly due to the lower digestibility of SFA in the microalgae rich diets. The experimental fish grew from 0.4kg to 1.1kg with no significant differences in growth rate (TGC 3.7-3.8) or feed conversion ratio (FCR 0.7) among the dietary treatments. The retention efficiency of EPA+DHA in salmon body was significantly improved in the fish fed diets containing increasing levels of microalgae, and thus lower EPA/DHA ratios. Moreover, liver lipid levels were decreased and dress-out percentage increased by increasing microalgae dietary supplementation level. The fillet levels of SFA and DHA+EPA were similar for all treatments. Improved fillet quality in terms of lower gaping scores was observed with increasing dietary inclusion level of Schizochytrium sp. and even more pronounced for salmon fed organic minerals. No significant effects on fish blood plasma chemistry and whole body mineral content were observed. Statement of relevance: Aquaculture is in urgent need of adequate volumes of new LCn-3PUFA sources, alternative to fish oil. The current work documents the feasibility of using practically relevant levels of heterotrophic microalgae as LCn-3PUFA source in the diet of Atlantic salmon in terms of extruded feed production feasibility, general fish performance, fish fillet product quality (nutritional and technical), nutrient retention efficiency and blood chemistry. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. |
2014 |
Karapanagiotidis, I T; Karalazos, V; Kougioumtzis, N; Tsiamis, V; Tsiaras, V; Neofitou, C; Karacostas, I; Nengas, I Growth and feed utilization by golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) in a coastal lagoon ecosystem, fed compound feeds with varying protein levels Journal Article Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh, 66 , 2014, ISSN: 0792156X, (Publisher: Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh). @article{karapanagiotidis_growth_2014, title = {Growth and feed utilization by golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) in a coastal lagoon ecosystem, fed compound feeds with varying protein levels}, author = {I T Karapanagiotidis and V Karalazos and N Kougioumtzis and V Tsiamis and V Tsiaras and C Neofitou and I Karacostas and I Nengas}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901802820&partnerID=40&md5=483560093de828a2e22cad1cbd1b346a}, issn = {0792156X}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh}, volume = {66}, abstract = {The effects of complimentary compound feeds with varying protein levels on growth performance, feed utilization, and whole body composition were studied in golden grey mullet, Liza aurata. Fish of initial weight 51.1±5.2 g were raised in hapas in a coastal lagoon and fed four iso-energetic diets containing 25%, 30%, 35% or 45% of crude protein for 20 weeks. L. aurata reared on the experimental diets showed relatively low growth rates (SGR ranged from 0.40 to 0.48%/day, and feed utilization parameters (FE ranged from 0.27 to 0.34) among dietary groups consistent with the known slow growth rate of the species. The growth performance and feed utilization of L. aurata was not significantly affected by dietary protein level, despite the fact that there was a trend indicating better fish growth and feed efficiency with increasing dietary protein level. This is indicative of the low protein requirements of L. aurata, although it could be that higher dietary protein concentrations could possibly improve growth performance. The farming of low-trophic species such as L. aurata allows under-utilized trophic resources to be better exploited for fish production. Thus any future advances in understanding the nutrition and feeding of L. aurata under culture conditions, could improve further the potential of this species, especially in regional and coastal aquaculture.}, note = {Publisher: Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The effects of complimentary compound feeds with varying protein levels on growth performance, feed utilization, and whole body composition were studied in golden grey mullet, Liza aurata. Fish of initial weight 51.1±5.2 g were raised in hapas in a coastal lagoon and fed four iso-energetic diets containing 25%, 30%, 35% or 45% of crude protein for 20 weeks. L. aurata reared on the experimental diets showed relatively low growth rates (SGR ranged from 0.40 to 0.48%/day, and feed utilization parameters (FE ranged from 0.27 to 0.34) among dietary groups consistent with the known slow growth rate of the species. The growth performance and feed utilization of L. aurata was not significantly affected by dietary protein level, despite the fact that there was a trend indicating better fish growth and feed efficiency with increasing dietary protein level. This is indicative of the low protein requirements of L. aurata, although it could be that higher dietary protein concentrations could possibly improve growth performance. The farming of low-trophic species such as L. aurata allows under-utilized trophic resources to be better exploited for fish production. Thus any future advances in understanding the nutrition and feeding of L. aurata under culture conditions, could improve further the potential of this species, especially in regional and coastal aquaculture. |
2012 |
Carter, Chris G; Mente, Elena; Barnes, Robin (Katersky); Nengas, Ioannis Protein synthesis in gilthead sea bream: response to partial fishmeal replacement Journal Article British Journal of Nutrition, 108 (12), pp. 2190–2197, 2012, ISSN: 0007-1145, 1475-2662. @article{carter_protein_2012, title = {Protein synthesis in gilthead sea bream: response to partial fishmeal replacement}, author = {Chris G Carter and Elena Mente and Robin (Katersky) Barnes and Ioannis Nengas}, url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007114512000426/type/journal_article}, doi = {10.1017/S0007114512000426}, issn = {0007-1145, 1475-2662}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-12-01}, urldate = {2020-08-18}, journal = {British Journal of Nutrition}, volume = {108}, number = {12}, pages = {2190--2197}, abstract = {The present study aimed to measure tissue protein synthesis in sea bream fed isonitrogenous diets that contained 63, 55 and 50 % fishmeal; in the latter two diets, 16 and 27 % of the fishmeal protein was replaced with plant protein. Over a 35 d period, there were no differences in feed intake, growth or feed efficiency among the three diets. Protein metabolism was then measured in the liver and white muscle tissue as rates of protein synthesis and as the capacity for protein synthesis before feeding (0 h) and at different times after feeding (4–48 h). Diet did not have a significant effect on protein synthesis or on the capacity for protein synthesis in either tissue. The capacity for protein synthesis was not affected by time after feeding, and overall mean values were 81·02 ( se 1·68) and 4·07 ( se 0·94) mg RNA/g protein for the liver and white muscle, respectively. Liver and white muscle fractional rates of protein synthesis were significantly higher at 4–8 h, intermediate at 12 h and were not different among pre-feeding (0 h), 24 and 48 h. Overall, the indices of protein metabolism measured at various times over 48 h following feeding were closely aligned with measurements of feeding, growth and growth efficiency established over a longer time scale.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study aimed to measure tissue protein synthesis in sea bream fed isonitrogenous diets that contained 63, 55 and 50 % fishmeal; in the latter two diets, 16 and 27 % of the fishmeal protein was replaced with plant protein. Over a 35 d period, there were no differences in feed intake, growth or feed efficiency among the three diets. Protein metabolism was then measured in the liver and white muscle tissue as rates of protein synthesis and as the capacity for protein synthesis before feeding (0 h) and at different times after feeding (4–48 h). Diet did not have a significant effect on protein synthesis or on the capacity for protein synthesis in either tissue. The capacity for protein synthesis was not affected by time after feeding, and overall mean values were 81·02 ( se 1·68) and 4·07 ( se 0·94) mg RNA/g protein for the liver and white muscle, respectively. Liver and white muscle fractional rates of protein synthesis were significantly higher at 4–8 h, intermediate at 12 h and were not different among pre-feeding (0 h), 24 and 48 h. Overall, the indices of protein metabolism measured at various times over 48 h following feeding were closely aligned with measurements of feeding, growth and growth efficiency established over a longer time scale. |
Rigos, G; Grigorakis, K; Koutsodimou, M; Gialamas, I; Fountoulaki, E; Nengas, I Comparison of muscle fatty acid and vitamin composition between wild and farmed common dentex (Dentex dentex) Journal Article Journal of Biological Research, 17 , pp. 26 – 32, 2012. @article{rigos_comparison_2012, title = {Comparison of muscle fatty acid and vitamin composition between wild and farmed common dentex (Dentex dentex)}, author = {G Rigos and K Grigorakis and M Koutsodimou and I Gialamas and E Fountoulaki and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84858042535&partnerID=40&md5=001320c7330637a361286fd2529b6de2}, year = {2012}, date = {2012-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Biological Research}, volume = {17}, pages = {26 -- 32}, abstract = {The present study was carried out to compare the tissue composition of wild and farmed common dentex (Dentex dentex) and the major nutrients in order to further explore the dietary requirements of this species. Wild (41±14 g) and farmed (10±2 g) fish were analyzed for proximate composition, fatty acid profile and vitamin C and E muscle and liver content. The fat content of the farmed population was almost six times higher than that measured in wild fish at the expense of water content. There were no significant differences in the protein and ash content between the two populations. The vitamin C content was insignificantly lower in wild fish liver while differences were significant in muscle compared to their farmed conspecifics. Vitamin E concentration was found to be significantly higher in both examined tissues of the farmed fish. The fatty acid profiles were different between the wild and farmed individuals. Wild fish livers were significantly richer in ̂-6 fatty acids, poorer in total monounsaturates (MUFA), but no differences were observed for total polyunsaturates (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). As regards muscle tissues, farmed fish were found to contain higher 22:6̂3 levels but significantly lower 16:1̂7 and 18:1̂9 levels than the wild ones. The information given by the present study should be evaluated for the further improvement of common dentex diets.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study was carried out to compare the tissue composition of wild and farmed common dentex (Dentex dentex) and the major nutrients in order to further explore the dietary requirements of this species. Wild (41±14 g) and farmed (10±2 g) fish were analyzed for proximate composition, fatty acid profile and vitamin C and E muscle and liver content. The fat content of the farmed population was almost six times higher than that measured in wild fish at the expense of water content. There were no significant differences in the protein and ash content between the two populations. The vitamin C content was insignificantly lower in wild fish liver while differences were significant in muscle compared to their farmed conspecifics. Vitamin E concentration was found to be significantly higher in both examined tissues of the farmed fish. The fatty acid profiles were different between the wild and farmed individuals. Wild fish livers were significantly richer in ̂-6 fatty acids, poorer in total monounsaturates (MUFA), but no differences were observed for total polyunsaturates (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA). As regards muscle tissues, farmed fish were found to contain higher 22:6̂3 levels but significantly lower 16:1̂7 and 18:1̂9 levels than the wild ones. The information given by the present study should be evaluated for the further improvement of common dentex diets. |
2011 |
Teles, Aires Oliva; Lupatsch, Ingrid; Nengas, Ioannis Nutrition and Feeding of Sparidae Incollection Pavlidis, Michail A; Mylonas, Constantinos C (Ed.): Sparidae, pp. 199–232, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2011, ISBN: 978-1-4443-9221-0 978-1-4051-9772-4. @incollection{pavlidis_nutrition_2011, title = {Nutrition and Feeding of Sparidae}, author = {Aires Oliva Teles and Ingrid Lupatsch and Ioannis Nengas}, editor = {Michail A Pavlidis and Constantinos C Mylonas}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9781444392210.ch7}, doi = {10.1002/9781444392210.ch7}, isbn = {978-1-4443-9221-0 978-1-4051-9772-4}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-02-01}, urldate = {2020-08-18}, booktitle = {Sparidae}, pages = {199--232}, publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell}, address = {Oxford, UK}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {incollection} } |
Adamidou, S; Nengas, I; Henry, M; Midoy, Ioakei N; Rigos, G; Bell, G J; Jauncey, K Effects of dietary inclusion of peas, chickpeas and faba beans on growth, feed utilization and health of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) Journal Article Aquaculture Nutrition, 17 , pp. e288 – e296, 2011. @article{adamidou_effects_2011, title = {Effects of dietary inclusion of peas, chickpeas and faba beans on growth, feed utilization and health of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)}, author = {S Adamidou and I Nengas and M Henry and N Ioakei Midoy and G Rigos and G J Bell and K Jauncey}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79952502639&partnerID=40&md5=3f40d3886ed69bb45394174909f89c68}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00762.x}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Nutrition}, volume = {17}, pages = {e288 -- e296}, abstract = {Three legumes [field peas (P), chickpeas (CP) and faba beans (B)] at two inclusion levels [170gkg -1 (L) and 350gkg -1 (H)] were evaluated in a 13-week experiment with triplicate groups of 92.6±5.0g gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). A control diet included wheat meal, fishmeal (FM) and a mixture of plant ingredients as protein sources. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic and processed in a twin-screw extruder. Restricted feeding was applied (15gkg -1 of body weight) and growth, haematology and histology parameters were evaluated. Decreased, but not significant, growth values were observed for all diets including legumes compared to the control. Poorer feed conversion ratio values were observed for both P diets and for high level B diet. Liver glycogen increased with increasing starch level, but hepatosomatic index did not differ significantly for any of the diet treatments. Histological examination of internal organs showed no pathological abnormalities that could be related to nutritional treatment. The study indicated that the tested legumes are ingredients that could be used in farmed seabream diets up to 350gkg -1 without negative effects replacing other carbohydrate sources and part of FM. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Three legumes [field peas (P), chickpeas (CP) and faba beans (B)] at two inclusion levels [170gkg -1 (L) and 350gkg -1 (H)] were evaluated in a 13-week experiment with triplicate groups of 92.6±5.0g gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). A control diet included wheat meal, fishmeal (FM) and a mixture of plant ingredients as protein sources. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic and processed in a twin-screw extruder. Restricted feeding was applied (15gkg -1 of body weight) and growth, haematology and histology parameters were evaluated. Decreased, but not significant, growth values were observed for all diets including legumes compared to the control. Poorer feed conversion ratio values were observed for both P diets and for high level B diet. Liver glycogen increased with increasing starch level, but hepatosomatic index did not differ significantly for any of the diet treatments. Histological examination of internal organs showed no pathological abnormalities that could be related to nutritional treatment. The study indicated that the tested legumes are ingredients that could be used in farmed seabream diets up to 350gkg -1 without negative effects replacing other carbohydrate sources and part of FM. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
Adamidou, S; Rigos, G; Mente, E; Nengas, I; Fountoulaki, E The effects of dietary lipid and fibre levels on digestibility of diet and on the growth performance of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) Journal Article Mediterranean Marine Science, 12 , pp. 401 – 412, 2011. @article{adamidou_effects_2011-1, title = {The effects of dietary lipid and fibre levels on digestibility of diet and on the growth performance of sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo)}, author = {S Adamidou and G Rigos and E Mente and I Nengas and E Fountoulaki}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84856727259&partnerID=40&md5=402acf665b4a1832504fc7b3103ee72a}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Mediterranean Marine Science}, volume = {12}, pages = {401 -- 412}, abstract = {In the present study, sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) were fed three experimental isonitrogenous diets composed of 45 g 100g -1 protein and varying lipid and fibre contents as follows: diet A: 45/10/1.5, B: 45/15/1.5 and C: 45/15/5. The effects of the diet composition were investigated by measuring digestibility, growth, carcass composition and haematological parameters. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, measured at high (26°C) and low (16°C) water temperatures in laboratory conditions, were not affected by the diet or temperature treatments. Growth was evaluated in a seven-month trial using animals held in sea cages. The specific growth rate (SGR) showed no significant differences among the treatments while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved in the fish that were fed a low-fat diet. A significant increase in body fat was detected in the fish that were fed high-fat diets. The blood serum total lipid levels were elevated for the fish that were fed diet C. In conclusion, a diet containing a protein/ fat/fibre ratio of 45/10/1.5 g 100 g -1 can result in satisfactory growth and an improved FCR value when compared with diets with higher fat and/or fibre levels, demonstrating that the required fat level for sharpsnout seabream is lower than 15 g 100 g -1.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In the present study, sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) were fed three experimental isonitrogenous diets composed of 45 g 100g -1 protein and varying lipid and fibre contents as follows: diet A: 45/10/1.5, B: 45/15/1.5 and C: 45/15/5. The effects of the diet composition were investigated by measuring digestibility, growth, carcass composition and haematological parameters. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for proteins, fats and carbohydrates, measured at high (26°C) and low (16°C) water temperatures in laboratory conditions, were not affected by the diet or temperature treatments. Growth was evaluated in a seven-month trial using animals held in sea cages. The specific growth rate (SGR) showed no significant differences among the treatments while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved in the fish that were fed a low-fat diet. A significant increase in body fat was detected in the fish that were fed high-fat diets. The blood serum total lipid levels were elevated for the fish that were fed diet C. In conclusion, a diet containing a protein/ fat/fibre ratio of 45/10/1.5 g 100 g -1 can result in satisfactory growth and an improved FCR value when compared with diets with higher fat and/or fibre levels, demonstrating that the required fat level for sharpsnout seabream is lower than 15 g 100 g -1. |
Adamidou, S; Nengas, I; Grigorakis, K; Nikolopoulou, D; Jauncey, K Cereal Chemistry, 88 (1), pp. 80–86, 2011. @article{adamidou_chemical_2011, title = {Chemical composition and antinutritional factors of field peas (Pisum sativum), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), and faba beans (Vicia faba) as affected by extrusion preconditioning and drying temperatures}, author = {S Adamidou and I Nengas and K Grigorakis and D Nikolopoulou and K Jauncey}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79951983946&partnerID=40&md5=d8293fd45be44804d3140d42eab3a0a6}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM-05-10-0077}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Cereal Chemistry}, volume = {88}, number = {1}, pages = {80--86}, abstract = {Legumes are valuable plant sources of protein and energy and extrusion is one of the most common processing methods for manufacturing both human food and animal feeds. In the present study, three different legumes (field peas, chickpeas, and faba beans) were ground and processed in a pilot-scale extrusion line. Various preconditioning and dryer temperatures were applied to each legume separately that reflected or differed from standard manufacturing conditions. Although literature exists regarding the effects of extrusion temperature and moisture on legume antinutrients, no data are available on the respective effects of preconditioning and drying. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of processing on both nutritional and antinutritional factors for each processing combination. Proximate composition, starch, oligosaccharides, total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), soluble (S-NSP), and insoluble (I-NSP) levels were evaluated. The antinutritional factors phytic acid, tannins, and trypsin inhibitors were also determined. Chickpea and field pea NSP values were not drastically affected by processing, while for most processing conditions, total NSP, S-NSP, and I-NSP were slightly reduced in faba beans. Preconditioning before extrusion processing generally improved the nutritional value of the ingredients by significantly reducing trypsin inhibitor level. Phytate and total tannin levels were greatly reduced irrespective of the preconditioning and drying treatment. Wet preconditioning can be used in combination with extrusion to improve the nutritional value of legumes, while drying at 90-150°C does not significantly further reduce antinutritional factor levels. © 2011 AACC International, Inc.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Legumes are valuable plant sources of protein and energy and extrusion is one of the most common processing methods for manufacturing both human food and animal feeds. In the present study, three different legumes (field peas, chickpeas, and faba beans) were ground and processed in a pilot-scale extrusion line. Various preconditioning and dryer temperatures were applied to each legume separately that reflected or differed from standard manufacturing conditions. Although literature exists regarding the effects of extrusion temperature and moisture on legume antinutrients, no data are available on the respective effects of preconditioning and drying. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of processing on both nutritional and antinutritional factors for each processing combination. Proximate composition, starch, oligosaccharides, total nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), soluble (S-NSP), and insoluble (I-NSP) levels were evaluated. The antinutritional factors phytic acid, tannins, and trypsin inhibitors were also determined. Chickpea and field pea NSP values were not drastically affected by processing, while for most processing conditions, total NSP, S-NSP, and I-NSP were slightly reduced in faba beans. Preconditioning before extrusion processing generally improved the nutritional value of the ingredients by significantly reducing trypsin inhibitor level. Phytate and total tannin levels were greatly reduced irrespective of the preconditioning and drying treatment. Wet preconditioning can be used in combination with extrusion to improve the nutritional value of legumes, while drying at 90-150°C does not significantly further reduce antinutritional factor levels. © 2011 AACC International, Inc. |
Berillis, Panagiotis; Mente, Eleni; Nengas, Ioannis Collagen Fibrils in Cultured and Wild Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Liver. An Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis Study Journal Article The Scientific World JOURNAL, 11 , pp. 917–929, 2011, ISSN: 1537-744X. @article{berillis_collagen_2011, title = {Collagen Fibrils in Cultured and Wild Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Liver. An Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis Study}, author = {Panagiotis Berillis and Eleni Mente and Ioannis Nengas}, url = {http://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2011/538413/abs/}, doi = {10.1100/tsw.2011.96}, issn = {1537-744X}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, urldate = {2020-08-17}, journal = {The Scientific World JOURNAL}, volume = {11}, pages = {917--929}, abstract = {This study aims to measure liver collagen fibril diameter in cultured and wild sea breams (Sparus aurata). Cultured sea breams were fed three isonitrogenous diets. The organically produced feed contained sustainable certified fish meal (45%), fish oil (14%), and organic certified wheat; the laboratory feed contained fish meal (45%), fish oil (14%), wheat meal, and soya meal; and the commercial feed included fish meal (46%), fish oil (17%), soya meal, wheat meal, and corn gluten meal. The organic diet had higher amounts of vitamins A, C, and E; specific amino acids; and minerals that enhanced the biosynthesis of collagen. This study shows that fish fed the organic feed had significantly bigger collagen fibril diameters than the fish fed the conventional feed. Furthermore, the organically fed fish had similarly sized collagen fibril diameters as wild fish. More research is needed to understand the long-term effects and the mechanism and function of fish collagen peptide intake on lipid absorption and metabolism; and to identify dietary regimes that are able to improve whole body lipid profiles and suppress the transient increase of plasma triglycerides.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aims to measure liver collagen fibril diameter in cultured and wild sea breams (Sparus aurata). Cultured sea breams were fed three isonitrogenous diets. The organically produced feed contained sustainable certified fish meal (45%), fish oil (14%), and organic certified wheat; the laboratory feed contained fish meal (45%), fish oil (14%), wheat meal, and soya meal; and the commercial feed included fish meal (46%), fish oil (17%), soya meal, wheat meal, and corn gluten meal. The organic diet had higher amounts of vitamins A, C, and E; specific amino acids; and minerals that enhanced the biosynthesis of collagen. This study shows that fish fed the organic feed had significantly bigger collagen fibril diameters than the fish fed the conventional feed. Furthermore, the organically fed fish had similarly sized collagen fibril diameters as wild fish. More research is needed to understand the long-term effects and the mechanism and function of fish collagen peptide intake on lipid absorption and metabolism; and to identify dietary regimes that are able to improve whole body lipid profiles and suppress the transient increase of plasma triglycerides. |
2010 |
Grigorakis, K; Giogios, I; Vasilaki, A; Nengas, I Effect of the fish oil, oxidation status and of heat treatment temperature on the volatile compounds of the produced fish feeds Journal Article Animal Feed Science and Technology, 158 (1-2), pp. 73–84, 2010, ISSN: 03778401. @article{grigorakis_effect_2010, title = {Effect of the fish oil, oxidation status and of heat treatment temperature on the volatile compounds of the produced fish feeds}, author = {K Grigorakis and I Giogios and A Vasilaki and I Nengas}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0377840110000970}, doi = {10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.012}, issn = {03778401}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-06-01}, urldate = {2020-08-10}, journal = {Animal Feed Science and Technology}, volume = {158}, number = {1-2}, pages = {73--84}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Mente, E; Davidson, I; Karapanagiotidis, I T; Fountoulaki, E; Nengas, I Amino acid analysis in the shore crab Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: Brachyura) Journal Article Journal of Crustacean Biology, 30 , pp. 643 – 650, 2010. @article{mente_amino_2010, title = {Amino acid analysis in the shore crab Carcinus maenas (Decapoda: Brachyura)}, author = {E Mente and I Davidson and I T Karapanagiotidis and E Fountoulaki and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-78449295763&partnerID=40&md5=fea02eee02b3a53c29e55e7390bd6eef}, doi = {10.1651/09-3258.1}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Crustacean Biology}, volume = {30}, pages = {643 -- 650}, abstract = {Although amino acid flux models have been developed in fish and other crustaceans, this is the first study to present an amino acid flux model for crabs. This study investigates the influence of different feeds and the deprivation of food on the free amino acid (FAA) pool, the rate of protein turnover and their relation to the growth and flux of amino acids in the shore crab Carcinus maenas. A model was developed for amino acid flux describing food consumption rates, assimilation rates, protein synthesis rates, growth and protein degradation, and losses. Crabs were fed frozen mussel (Mytilus edulis) tissue (Diet 1) or (fresh) white muscle from salmon (Salmo salar) (Diet 2) at 7% of their body weight per day while other crabs were starved for ten days. In the starved crabs, the amino acids partitioned into protein synthesis made up 36% of the free amino acid pool. There was a 50% reduction in the rate of protein synthesis in the starved crabs compared with the fed crabs. It was estimated that daily dietary amino acid intake might compose up to seven times the crabs’ FAA pool. In addition, daily protein synthesis and degradation might respectively remove and return the equivalent of up to 4 times and twice the size of the FAA pool in the fed crabs, respectively. Specimens of C. maenas deposited in body proteins (as net growth) 14% in diet 1 and 40% in diet 2 of their amino acid consumption. The amino acid flux in the fed crabs suggested low protein conversion efficiency compared to other decapod crustaceans, including shrimps and lobsters. © 2010 The Crustacean Society.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Although amino acid flux models have been developed in fish and other crustaceans, this is the first study to present an amino acid flux model for crabs. This study investigates the influence of different feeds and the deprivation of food on the free amino acid (FAA) pool, the rate of protein turnover and their relation to the growth and flux of amino acids in the shore crab Carcinus maenas. A model was developed for amino acid flux describing food consumption rates, assimilation rates, protein synthesis rates, growth and protein degradation, and losses. Crabs were fed frozen mussel (Mytilus edulis) tissue (Diet 1) or (fresh) white muscle from salmon (Salmo salar) (Diet 2) at 7% of their body weight per day while other crabs were starved for ten days. In the starved crabs, the amino acids partitioned into protein synthesis made up 36% of the free amino acid pool. There was a 50% reduction in the rate of protein synthesis in the starved crabs compared with the fed crabs. It was estimated that daily dietary amino acid intake might compose up to seven times the crabs’ FAA pool. In addition, daily protein synthesis and degradation might respectively remove and return the equivalent of up to 4 times and twice the size of the FAA pool in the fed crabs, respectively. Specimens of C. maenas deposited in body proteins (as net growth) 14% in diet 1 and 40% in diet 2 of their amino acid consumption. The amino acid flux in the fed crabs suggested low protein conversion efficiency compared to other decapod crustaceans, including shrimps and lobsters. © 2010 The Crustacean Society. |
Chatzifotis, S; Panagiotidou, M; Papaioannou, N; Pavlidis, M; Nengas, I; Mylonas, C C Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition and serum metabolites of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles Journal Article Aquaculture, 307 (1-2), pp. 65–70, 2010, ISSN: 00448486. @article{chatzifotis_effect_2010, title = {Effect of dietary lipid levels on growth, feed utilization, body composition and serum metabolites of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles}, author = {S Chatzifotis and M Panagiotidou and N Papaioannou and M Pavlidis and I Nengas and C C Mylonas}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955846974&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2010.07.002&partnerID=40&md5=829d87c0b4207df0267d190b224ca203}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.07.002}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {307}, number = {1-2}, pages = {65--70}, abstract = {The study investigates the effect of dietary lipids on growth of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles. Triplicate groups of fish (average weight ± SD, 229.7 ± 1.4. g) were fed for 110. days three isonitrogenous experimental diets (43% crude protein, dry matter) containing 13, 17, or 21% crude lipids. Body weight, total length and specific growth rate of fish fed the 17% lipid diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the 13 and 21% lipid diets. Daily feed intake was not affected by the dietary lipid level, but there were significant differences in feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio. There was no significant difference in condition factor, hepatosomatic or viscerosomatic indexes. Proximate analysis indicated that the lipid content of whole body and muscle was affected by the diets, whereas the other chemical components of whole body, muscle and liver were unaffected by the increase in dietary lipid content. Whole body and muscle of fish fed the 21% lipid diet showed significantly higher values of total lipids (whole body: 7.41 ± 0.45% and muscle: 0.64 ± 0.13%) than fish fed 17 and 13% lipid (whole body: 5.92 ± 0.12%, muscle: 0.37 ± 0.08% and whole body: 5.76 ± 0.23%, muscle: 0.31 ± 0.02%, respectively). Serum metabolites did not show significant differences among the three dietary lipid levels. Overall, the results indicated that the best growth performance was observed in fish fed the 17% lipid diet, whereas the increase of dietary lipid level from 17% to 21% had a negative effect on growth. In conclusion, meagre juveniles appear to have similar lipid requirements with other Mediterranean species and excess dietary lipid level should be avoided, since the increase from 17% to 21% resulted in higher fat accretion and impaired growth performance. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study investigates the effect of dietary lipids on growth of meagre (Argyrosomus regius) juveniles. Triplicate groups of fish (average weight ± SD, 229.7 ± 1.4. g) were fed for 110. days three isonitrogenous experimental diets (43% crude protein, dry matter) containing 13, 17, or 21% crude lipids. Body weight, total length and specific growth rate of fish fed the 17% lipid diet were significantly higher than that of fish fed the 13 and 21% lipid diets. Daily feed intake was not affected by the dietary lipid level, but there were significant differences in feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio. There was no significant difference in condition factor, hepatosomatic or viscerosomatic indexes. Proximate analysis indicated that the lipid content of whole body and muscle was affected by the diets, whereas the other chemical components of whole body, muscle and liver were unaffected by the increase in dietary lipid content. Whole body and muscle of fish fed the 21% lipid diet showed significantly higher values of total lipids (whole body: 7.41 ± 0.45% and muscle: 0.64 ± 0.13%) than fish fed 17 and 13% lipid (whole body: 5.92 ± 0.12%, muscle: 0.37 ± 0.08% and whole body: 5.76 ± 0.23%, muscle: 0.31 ± 0.02%, respectively). Serum metabolites did not show significant differences among the three dietary lipid levels. Overall, the results indicated that the best growth performance was observed in fish fed the 17% lipid diet, whereas the increase of dietary lipid level from 17% to 21% had a negative effect on growth. In conclusion, meagre juveniles appear to have similar lipid requirements with other Mediterranean species and excess dietary lipid level should be avoided, since the increase from 17% to 21% resulted in higher fat accretion and impaired growth performance. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. |
Fountoulaki, E; Henry, M; Rigos, G; Vasilaki, A; Mente, E; Sweetman, J; Nengas, I Evaluation of zinc supplementation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juvenile diets Journal Article Aquaculture Research, 41 , pp. e208 – e216, 2010. @article{fountoulaki_evaluation_2010, title = {Evaluation of zinc supplementation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juvenile diets}, author = {E Fountoulaki and M Henry and G Rigos and A Vasilaki and E Mente and J Sweetman and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77955955157&partnerID=40&md5=998c56a51dbd36e139c6f19395287c12}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02503.x}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {41}, pages = {e208 -- e216}, abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the effect of increased zinc dietary levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, immune status and induced wound healing in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish weighing 10 g were fed five diets containing organic zinc at 30, 70, 110 and 150 mg kg -1 diet and one inorganic zinc source (zinc oxide) at 150 mg kg -1 diet for a period of 12 weeks. No significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the growth performance parameters (final weight, specific growth rate), immunological indices tested (respiratory burst activity in whole blood) and the wound-healing process. Zinc accumulation in the skin, vertebrae and liver increased significantly (P<0.01) with increased dietary zinc levels but not in muscle. The highest zinc concentrations were obtained in skin tissue, followed by vertebrae, liver and muscle tissue. Using the concentration of zinc in skin as a response criterion, broken-line analysis showed that the supplementation of 148 mg organic Zn kg -1 diet seemed to be the optimum dietary zinc supplementation level for sea bass juveniles. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aimed to investigate the effect of increased zinc dietary levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, immune status and induced wound healing in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish weighing 10 g were fed five diets containing organic zinc at 30, 70, 110 and 150 mg kg -1 diet and one inorganic zinc source (zinc oxide) at 150 mg kg -1 diet for a period of 12 weeks. No significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the growth performance parameters (final weight, specific growth rate), immunological indices tested (respiratory burst activity in whole blood) and the wound-healing process. Zinc accumulation in the skin, vertebrae and liver increased significantly (P<0.01) with increased dietary zinc levels but not in muscle. The highest zinc concentrations were obtained in skin tissue, followed by vertebrae, liver and muscle tissue. Using the concentration of zinc in skin as a response criterion, broken-line analysis showed that the supplementation of 148 mg organic Zn kg -1 diet seemed to be the optimum dietary zinc supplementation level for sea bass juveniles. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
Rigos, G; Samartzis, A; Henry, M; Fountoulaki, E; Cotou, E; Sweetman, J; Davies, S; Nengas, I Effects of additive iron on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata Journal Article Aquaculture International, 18 , pp. 1093 – 1104, 2010. @article{rigos_effects_2010, title = {Effects of additive iron on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata}, author = {G Rigos and A Samartzis and M Henry and E Fountoulaki and E Cotou and J Sweetman and S Davies and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77957281268&partnerID=40&md5=cb00eeaf070421b4b6c73322441a8834}, doi = {10.1007/s10499-010-9326-7}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture International}, volume = {18}, pages = {1093 -- 1104}, abstract = {The comparative effects of iron-supplemented levels on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (2 g) were investigated, using four organic (50, 100, 200, 300 mg ORG/kg diet) and one inorganic iron source (200 INOR mg/kg diet). Fish were treated for 12 weeks with the experimental diets and maintained at a water temperature of 19-22°C. Growth (final weight and specific growth rate), tissue distribution (spleen, liver and muscle), haematological parameters (red blood cells, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and non-specific immune indexes (respiratory burst activity and antibacterial activity of serum) were analysed. No significant differences were found in growth and iron tissue distribution among the tested groups. Red blood cell counting was statistically higher in fish given 50 ORG, 100 ORG, 200 ORG and 200 INOR feeds. However, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were not significantly affected by increasing dietary iron. Fish receiving the 100 ORG diet had the best performance with respect to the respiratory burst activity and significantly higher values for antibacterial activity of serum were obtained in fish fed with the 300 ORG diet. The present findings provided no clear evidence of the optimum iron concentration. However, there was adequate indication that iron supplementation enhanced the performance of gilthead sea bream, mainly from a haematological and immunological point of view. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The comparative effects of iron-supplemented levels on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata (2 g) were investigated, using four organic (50, 100, 200, 300 mg ORG/kg diet) and one inorganic iron source (200 INOR mg/kg diet). Fish were treated for 12 weeks with the experimental diets and maintained at a water temperature of 19-22°C. Growth (final weight and specific growth rate), tissue distribution (spleen, liver and muscle), haematological parameters (red blood cells, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and non-specific immune indexes (respiratory burst activity and antibacterial activity of serum) were analysed. No significant differences were found in growth and iron tissue distribution among the tested groups. Red blood cell counting was statistically higher in fish given 50 ORG, 100 ORG, 200 ORG and 200 INOR feeds. However, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were not significantly affected by increasing dietary iron. Fish receiving the 100 ORG diet had the best performance with respect to the respiratory burst activity and significantly higher values for antibacterial activity of serum were obtained in fish fed with the 300 ORG diet. The present findings provided no clear evidence of the optimum iron concentration. However, there was adequate indication that iron supplementation enhanced the performance of gilthead sea bream, mainly from a haematological and immunological point of view. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. |
Rigos, G; Bitchava, K; Nengas, I Antibacterial drugs in products originating from aquaculture: Assessing the risks to public welfare Journal Article Mediterranean Marine Science, 11 , pp. 33 – 41, 2010. @article{rigos_antibacterial_2010, title = {Antibacterial drugs in products originating from aquaculture: Assessing the risks to public welfare}, author = {G Rigos and K Bitchava and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79955974872&partnerID=40&md5=942003c97ed874dcfbb43905c1f697a9}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Mediterranean Marine Science}, volume = {11}, pages = {33 -- 41}, abstract = {As aquaculture expands to meet human demand and compensate for pessimistic forecasts of fisheries catches, use of antibacterial agents to combat or forestall bacterial diseases is still a necessity, although effective vaccines and improved hygiene have aided drastically in this battle. The hazards for the consumer perspective arising from the imprudent use of such chemicals can be detrimental, especially if the residues persist above legal tolerance. These may include selection and dissemination of resistant bacteria, disruption of the colonization barrier in the human intestinal flora and allergic reactions. In cases that unlawful drugs reached the consumer via consumption of aquatic products, human health may be jeopardized even further. The present review article assesses these risks to human health.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } As aquaculture expands to meet human demand and compensate for pessimistic forecasts of fisheries catches, use of antibacterial agents to combat or forestall bacterial diseases is still a necessity, although effective vaccines and improved hygiene have aided drastically in this battle. The hazards for the consumer perspective arising from the imprudent use of such chemicals can be detrimental, especially if the residues persist above legal tolerance. These may include selection and dissemination of resistant bacteria, disruption of the colonization barrier in the human intestinal flora and allergic reactions. In cases that unlawful drugs reached the consumer via consumption of aquatic products, human health may be jeopardized even further. The present review article assesses these risks to human health. |
2009 |
Tzovenis, I; Fountoulaki, E; Dolapsakis, N; Kotzamanis, I; Nengas, I; Bitis, I; Cladas, Y; Economou-Amilli, A Screening for marine nanoplanktic microalgae from Greek coastal lagoons (Ionian Sea) for use in mariculture Journal Article Journal of Applied Phycology, 21 (4), pp. 457–469, 2009, ISSN: 09218971. @article{tzovenis_screening_2009, title = {Screening for marine nanoplanktic microalgae from Greek coastal lagoons (Ionian Sea) for use in mariculture}, author = {I Tzovenis and E Fountoulaki and N Dolapsakis and I Kotzamanis and I Nengas and I Bitis and Y Cladas and A Economou-Amilli}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349687384&doi=10.1007%2fs10811-008-9393-6&partnerID=40&md5=3f5000759e0601a3fd697f886a2f6ac3}, doi = {10.1007/s10811-008-9393-6}, issn = {09218971}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Applied Phycology}, volume = {21}, number = {4}, pages = {457--469}, abstract = {Mediterranean mariculture uses imported strains of marine phytoplankton, raising questions of ecological risk and ability to adapt to local conditions for mass culture outdoors. In this context, we report here on the mass-culture potential and chemical composition of six strains of Prasinophyceae (five strains of Tetraselmis sp. and one Pyramimonas sp.) isolated from a Greek coastal lagoon. Proximate composition had a pattern of 10-20% ash, 35-65% protein, 6-10% lipids, and 25-45% other organics including carbohydrates. The amino acid profiles were typical for the marine representatives of the class. All strains had a high PUFA content with dominant the ω3 fraction in four of them. The fatty acid profiles indicated a Tetraselmis strain with high EPA (14%) and a Pyramimonas strain with high DHA (6%). These strains might be a good alternative for the common commercial strains used in Mediterranean aquaculture. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Mediterranean mariculture uses imported strains of marine phytoplankton, raising questions of ecological risk and ability to adapt to local conditions for mass culture outdoors. In this context, we report here on the mass-culture potential and chemical composition of six strains of Prasinophyceae (five strains of Tetraselmis sp. and one Pyramimonas sp.) isolated from a Greek coastal lagoon. Proximate composition had a pattern of 10-20% ash, 35-65% protein, 6-10% lipids, and 25-45% other organics including carbohydrates. The amino acid profiles were typical for the marine representatives of the class. All strains had a high PUFA content with dominant the ω3 fraction in four of them. The fatty acid profiles indicated a Tetraselmis strain with high EPA (14%) and a Pyramimonas strain with high DHA (6%). These strains might be a good alternative for the common commercial strains used in Mediterranean aquaculture. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. |
Fountoulaki, E; Vasilaki, A; Hurtado, R; Grigorakis, K; Karacostas, I; Nengas, I; Rigos, G; Kotzamanis, Y; Venou, B; Alexis, M N Aquaculture, 289 (3-4), pp. 317–326, 2009, ISSN: 00448486. @article{fountoulaki_fish_2009, title = {Fish oil substitution by vegetable oils in commercial diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.); effects on growth performance, flesh quality and fillet fatty acid profile. Recovery of fatty acid profiles by a fish oil finishing diet under fluctuating water temperatures}, author = {E Fountoulaki and A Vasilaki and R Hurtado and K Grigorakis and I Karacostas and I Nengas and G Rigos and Y Kotzamanis and B Venou and M N Alexis}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61649088364&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2009.01.023&partnerID=40&md5=e3b4d18877877d60dcd12caa1fda3f45}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.023}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {289}, number = {3-4}, pages = {317--326}, abstract = {The effects of long term feeding (6 months) of commercial diets with low fish meal content and high levels of vegetable oils (69% fish oil substitution level) were determined in gilthead sea bream (110 g). A control diet containing South American fish oil (FO) was evaluated against feeds with either soybean oil (SO), palm oil (PO) or rapeseed oil (RO). Afterwards, all fish were fed a fish oil finishing diet to determine the progressive recovery of the fillet fatty acid profiles. The results showed that growth and feed utilization in gilthead sea bream are not affected by fish oil substitution with soybean and rapeseed oil, contrary to palm oil inclusion. Flesh and liver docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ArA) contents were reduced to a lower degree than their reduction in the diet, whereas eicosapentaenoic (EPA) reduction was more pronounced in both tissues. Sensory analysis revealed no difference in the organoleptic characteristics of the dietary groups. However, low acceptance scores were calculated for all treated groups. No histological alterations were seen in gut tissue but liver of the PO group showed intense lipid accumulation. Re-feeding with a fish oil finishing diet for 120 days was not adequate for restoration of DHA, ArA and EPA. Linoleic (LA) and oleic acid (OA) were retained even after 120 days re-feeding with the fish oil diet. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The effects of long term feeding (6 months) of commercial diets with low fish meal content and high levels of vegetable oils (69% fish oil substitution level) were determined in gilthead sea bream (110 g). A control diet containing South American fish oil (FO) was evaluated against feeds with either soybean oil (SO), palm oil (PO) or rapeseed oil (RO). Afterwards, all fish were fed a fish oil finishing diet to determine the progressive recovery of the fillet fatty acid profiles. The results showed that growth and feed utilization in gilthead sea bream are not affected by fish oil substitution with soybean and rapeseed oil, contrary to palm oil inclusion. Flesh and liver docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ArA) contents were reduced to a lower degree than their reduction in the diet, whereas eicosapentaenoic (EPA) reduction was more pronounced in both tissues. Sensory analysis revealed no difference in the organoleptic characteristics of the dietary groups. However, low acceptance scores were calculated for all treated groups. No histological alterations were seen in gut tissue but liver of the PO group showed intense lipid accumulation. Re-feeding with a fish oil finishing diet for 120 days was not adequate for restoration of DHA, ArA and EPA. Linoleic (LA) and oleic acid (OA) were retained even after 120 days re-feeding with the fish oil diet. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Adamidou, S; Nengas, I; Henry, M; Grigorakis, K; Rigos, G; Nikolopoulou, D; Kotzamanis, Y; Bell, G J; Jauncey, K Aquaculture, 293 (3-4), pp. 263–271, 2009, ISSN: 00448486. @article{adamidou_growth_2009, title = {Growth, feed utilization, health and organoleptic characteristics of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed extruded diets including low and high levels of three different legumes}, author = {S Adamidou and I Nengas and M Henry and K Grigorakis and G Rigos and D Nikolopoulou and Y Kotzamanis and G J Bell and K Jauncey}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649088041&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2009.04.045&partnerID=40&md5=dfaf34a8796e08dbe50d7099ac4f3f40}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.04.045}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {293}, number = {3-4}, pages = {263--271}, abstract = {Three legumes [field peas (P), chickpeas (CP) and faba beans (B)] were evaluated at two inclusion levels; 170 (L) and 350 g kg- 1 (H) in a 14-week experiment with triplicate groups of 97.9 ± 6.1 g European seabass. A control diet included wheat meal, fish meal (FM) and a mixture of plant ingredients as protein sources. Diets, processed in a twin-screw extruder, were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. All experimental diets improved growth compared to the control. Weight gain, feed intake, FCR and SGR were improved for fish fed diet CPL, while fish fed diet CPH gave higher FCR. Protein and starch digestibility were highest for the control diet, while fish fed diets CPL and PL showed significantly lower protein ADCs and lower starch ADC (P ≤ 0.05) for diet PH. Among H diets, significantly better fillet yield was found for fish fed diet PH, but no other differences were found in seabass fillet organoleptic characteristics. Serum glucose and cholesterol were elevated in fish fed CP diets, while protein and triacylglycerols did not show significant differences among treatments. Fish fed the test diets showed no significant evidence of either immunosuppression or immunostimulation. Histology of liver, spleen, kidney and foregut revealed no pathological abnormalities. Field peas, chickpeas and faba beans can be included in European seabass diets up to 350 g kg- 1 substituting for wheat with no negative effects on growth performance, carcass composition or organoleptic characteristics. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Three legumes [field peas (P), chickpeas (CP) and faba beans (B)] were evaluated at two inclusion levels; 170 (L) and 350 g kg- 1 (H) in a 14-week experiment with triplicate groups of 97.9 ± 6.1 g European seabass. A control diet included wheat meal, fish meal (FM) and a mixture of plant ingredients as protein sources. Diets, processed in a twin-screw extruder, were isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. All experimental diets improved growth compared to the control. Weight gain, feed intake, FCR and SGR were improved for fish fed diet CPL, while fish fed diet CPH gave higher FCR. Protein and starch digestibility were highest for the control diet, while fish fed diets CPL and PL showed significantly lower protein ADCs and lower starch ADC (P ≤ 0.05) for diet PH. Among H diets, significantly better fillet yield was found for fish fed diet PH, but no other differences were found in seabass fillet organoleptic characteristics. Serum glucose and cholesterol were elevated in fish fed CP diets, while protein and triacylglycerols did not show significant differences among treatments. Fish fed the test diets showed no significant evidence of either immunosuppression or immunostimulation. Histology of liver, spleen, kidney and foregut revealed no pathological abnormalities. Field peas, chickpeas and faba beans can be included in European seabass diets up to 350 g kg- 1 substituting for wheat with no negative effects on growth performance, carcass composition or organoleptic characteristics. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Henry, M; Alexis, M N; Fountoulaki, E; Nengas, I; Rigos, G Effects of a natural parasitical infection (Lernanthropus kroyeri) on the immune system of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L Journal Article Parasite Immunology, 31 , pp. 729 – 740, 2009. @article{henry_effects_2009, title = {Effects of a natural parasitical infection (Lernanthropus kroyeri) on the immune system of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L}, author = {M Henry and M N Alexis and E Fountoulaki and I Nengas and G Rigos}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-71049186396&partnerID=40&md5=856f23a4caa21fd8ac2308babc61d401}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Parasite Immunology}, volume = {31}, pages = {729 -- 740}, abstract = {The immune response of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, to a natural infection by the copepod parasite Lernanthropus kroyeri was evaluated for the first time in vivo. The results clearly demonstrated the triggering of the fish immune system by the parasite. Lysozyme activity and alternative complement pathway were involved in the early action against the parasitical infection, whilst classical complement and respiratory burst (RB) activity took over in the later stages of infection. It was hypothesized that the levels of alternative and classical complement and RB stimulation indexes may determine the resistance capacity of the fish to the parasite. It is not clear how parasites can survive despite the strong immunological arsenal deployed by the fish. The continual increase of prevalence and severity of parasite infection suggested that the parasite’s mechanism of evasion of the immune system was extremely successful. The contrasting decrease in the negative effects of parasites on the fish health (such as gills anaemia) suggested that an equilibrium between the parasites and their hosts was reached in chronic infection. These dynamic interactions between parasites and fish hosts were probably the main determinant of host specificity. © 2009 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The immune response of European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, to a natural infection by the copepod parasite Lernanthropus kroyeri was evaluated for the first time in vivo. The results clearly demonstrated the triggering of the fish immune system by the parasite. Lysozyme activity and alternative complement pathway were involved in the early action against the parasitical infection, whilst classical complement and respiratory burst (RB) activity took over in the later stages of infection. It was hypothesized that the levels of alternative and classical complement and RB stimulation indexes may determine the resistance capacity of the fish to the parasite. It is not clear how parasites can survive despite the strong immunological arsenal deployed by the fish. The continual increase of prevalence and severity of parasite infection suggested that the parasite’s mechanism of evasion of the immune system was extremely successful. The contrasting decrease in the negative effects of parasites on the fish health (such as gills anaemia) suggested that an equilibrium between the parasites and their hosts was reached in chronic infection. These dynamic interactions between parasites and fish hosts were probably the main determinant of host specificity. © 2009 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research. |
Adamidou, S; Nengas, I; Alexis, M; Foundoulaki, E; Nikolopoulou, D; Campbell, P; Karacostas, I; Rigos, G; Bell, G J; Jauncey, K Aquaculture, 289 , pp. 106 – 112, 2009. @article{adamidou_apparent_2009, title = {Apparent nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal evacuation time in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed diets containing different levels of legumes}, author = {S Adamidou and I Nengas and M Alexis and E Foundoulaki and D Nikolopoulou and P Campbell and I Karacostas and G Rigos and G J Bell and K Jauncey}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-61749084045&partnerID=40&md5=3afa8a0e5913361f83ec7758e214a18a}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {289}, pages = {106 -- 112}, abstract = {Nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal evacuation time for diets containing two levels of legumes were determined in European seabass (initial wt. 150 g). Seven isonitrogenous (44 g crude protein 100 g - 1) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g - 1) extruded diets were tested. Experimental diets contained 15 g or 30 g 100 g - 1 of each legume including faba bean meal, (FB15, FB30), chickpea meal (CP15, CP30), field pea meal (FP15, FP30) and a control, wheat meal containing, diet. Inclusion of faba beans in diets significantly enhanced apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dietary protein and energy at both inclusion levels. Starch digestibility was significantly lower for the control and FP30 diet and significantly higher for the FB15 diet. Fat digestibility coefficients were elevated significantly for FB15, FB30, CP15, FP15 and FP30 diets, compared to the CP30 and the control diet. The incorporation of faba bean and chickpea greatly affected gastrointestinal evacuation time compared to fish fed the control diet. Longer passage times were observed when these legumes were included in the diet. Glucose serum peak value was delayed for FB30 and a slower decreasing rate was observed for the legume diets. The addition of legumes had a positive effect on physical properties of the pellets by increasing the hardness while water activity remained within the safety limits. The findings of this study suggest that the legumes tested are potential candidates for carbohydrate replacement (wheat) and, to a lesser extent, for protein substitution in diets for European seabass. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal evacuation time for diets containing two levels of legumes were determined in European seabass (initial wt. 150 g). Seven isonitrogenous (44 g crude protein 100 g - 1) and isoenergetic (20 kJ g - 1) extruded diets were tested. Experimental diets contained 15 g or 30 g 100 g - 1 of each legume including faba bean meal, (FB15, FB30), chickpea meal (CP15, CP30), field pea meal (FP15, FP30) and a control, wheat meal containing, diet. Inclusion of faba beans in diets significantly enhanced apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dietary protein and energy at both inclusion levels. Starch digestibility was significantly lower for the control and FP30 diet and significantly higher for the FB15 diet. Fat digestibility coefficients were elevated significantly for FB15, FB30, CP15, FP15 and FP30 diets, compared to the CP30 and the control diet. The incorporation of faba bean and chickpea greatly affected gastrointestinal evacuation time compared to fish fed the control diet. Longer passage times were observed when these legumes were included in the diet. Glucose serum peak value was delayed for FB30 and a slower decreasing rate was observed for the legume diets. The addition of legumes had a positive effect on physical properties of the pellets by increasing the hardness while water activity remained within the safety limits. The findings of this study suggest that the legumes tested are potential candidates for carbohydrate replacement (wheat) and, to a lesser extent, for protein substitution in diets for European seabass. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Giogios, Ioannis; Grigorakis, Kriton; Nengas, Ioannis; Papasolomontos, Sotiris; Papaioannou, Nikos; Alexis, Maria N Fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of selected marine oils and meals Journal Article Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 89 (1), pp. 88–100, 2009, ISSN: 00225142, 10970010. @article{giogios_fatty_2009, title = {Fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of selected marine oils and meals}, author = {Ioannis Giogios and Kriton Grigorakis and Ioannis Nengas and Sotiris Papasolomontos and Nikos Papaioannou and Maria N Alexis}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/jsfa.3414}, doi = {10.1002/jsfa.3414}, issn = {00225142, 10970010}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, urldate = {2020-08-10}, journal = {Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture}, volume = {89}, number = {1}, pages = {88--100}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2006 |
Rigos, G; Nengas, I; Alexis, M Oxytetracycline (OTC) uptake following bath treatment in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) Journal Article Aquaculture, 261 , pp. 1151 – 1155, 2006. @article{rigos_oxytetracycline_2006, title = {Oxytetracycline (OTC) uptake following bath treatment in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)}, author = {G Rigos and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33751440278&partnerID=40&md5=e595050cb25e5846e346f95e8827b71d}, year = {2006}, date = {2006-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {261}, pages = {1151 -- 1155}, abstract = {The uptake and elimination profile of oxytetracycline (OTC) following a prolong bath treatment in gilthhead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were investigated in this study. The bath experiment was carried out using a OTC concentration of 50 μg/ml for 24 h at 17-18 °C water temperature. Plasma and muscle fish samples were analysed at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h during and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 d following the bath. Detectable OTC levels were revealed only at the end of bath treatment (24 h) in examined tissues of gilthead sea bream, where drug concentration was measured to be as low as 0.096 and 0.047 μg/g or ml in muscle plus skin and plasma, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that OTC bath treatment under this dosage schedule is unlikely to confront systemic bacterial infections. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The uptake and elimination profile of oxytetracycline (OTC) following a prolong bath treatment in gilthhead sea bream (Sparus aurata) were investigated in this study. The bath experiment was carried out using a OTC concentration of 50 μg/ml for 24 h at 17-18 °C water temperature. Plasma and muscle fish samples were analysed at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h during and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 d following the bath. Detectable OTC levels were revealed only at the end of bath treatment (24 h) in examined tissues of gilthead sea bream, where drug concentration was measured to be as low as 0.096 and 0.047 μg/g or ml in muscle plus skin and plasma, respectively. The findings of the present study indicate that OTC bath treatment under this dosage schedule is unlikely to confront systemic bacterial infections. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
2005 |
Fountoulaki, Eleni; Alexis, Maria N; Nengas, Ioannis; Venou, Barbara Effect of diet composition on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme levels of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) Journal Article Aquaculture Research, 36 (13), pp. 1243–1251, 2005, ISSN: 1355-557X, 1365-2109. @article{fountoulaki_effect_2005, title = {Effect of diet composition on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme levels of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)}, author = {Eleni Fountoulaki and Maria N Alexis and Ioannis Nengas and Barbara Venou}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01232.x}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01232.x}, issn = {1355-557X, 1365-2109}, year = {2005}, date = {2005-09-01}, urldate = {2020-08-18}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {36}, number = {13}, pages = {1243--1251}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2004 |
Rigos, G; Tyrpenou, A E; Nengas, I; Alexis, M; Troisi, G M The kinetic profile of oxolinic acid in sharpsnout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti 1777) Journal Article Aquaculture Research, 35 , pp. 1299 – 1304, 2004. @article{rigos_kinetic_2004, title = {The kinetic profile of oxolinic acid in sharpsnout sea bream, Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti 1777)}, author = {G Rigos and A E Tyrpenou and I Nengas and M Alexis and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-9344262875&partnerID=40&md5=747d42b180b9ebf50171888f16b799b3}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {35}, pages = {1299 -- 1304}, abstract = {The pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid (OA) were investigated after a single intra-vascular injection (20 mg kg-1 fish) in sharpsnout sea bream (90 g), a promising new euryhaline species for Mediterranean fish farming. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OA were calculated to be 0.4 and 10 h respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and total clearance rate (CLT) of the drug were found to be 2.1 L kg and 0.2 L kg-1 h-1 respectively. The bioavailability (F%) of OA following oral administration (40 mg kg-1 fish) fish) was estimated to be 15%. The results indicate a rapid distribution and elimination of the drug, moderate tissue penetration, but low absorption in sharpsnout sea bream. The kinetic profile of OA found in this species is comparable with that observed in another well-known sparid, gilthead sea bream.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid (OA) were investigated after a single intra-vascular injection (20 mg kg-1 fish) in sharpsnout sea bream (90 g), a promising new euryhaline species for Mediterranean fish farming. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OA were calculated to be 0.4 and 10 h respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and total clearance rate (CLT) of the drug were found to be 2.1 L kg and 0.2 L kg-1 h-1 respectively. The bioavailability (F%) of OA following oral administration (40 mg kg-1 fish) fish) was estimated to be 15%. The results indicate a rapid distribution and elimination of the drug, moderate tissue penetration, but low absorption in sharpsnout sea bream. The kinetic profile of OA found in this species is comparable with that observed in another well-known sparid, gilthead sea bream. |
Rigos, G; Nengas, I; Alexis, M; Athanassopoulou, F Bioavailability of oxytetracycline in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) Journal Article Journal of Fish Diseases, 27 , pp. 119 – 122, 2004. @article{rigos_bioavailability_2004, title = {Bioavailability of oxytetracycline in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.)}, author = {G Rigos and I Nengas and M Alexis and F Athanassopoulou}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1542319008&partnerID=40&md5=2fce37501284273e5a1e06048b0e5bb3}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases}, volume = {27}, pages = {119 -- 122}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Rigos, G; Nengas, I; Alexis, M; Troisi, G M Potential drug (oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid) pollution from Mediterranean sparid fish farms Journal Article Aquatic Toxicology, 69 , pp. 281 – 288, 2004. @article{rigos_potential_2004, title = {Potential drug (oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid) pollution from Mediterranean sparid fish farms}, author = {G Rigos and I Nengas and M Alexis and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3242806075&partnerID=40&md5=bca8f73fe1a7ba2abb13d5ad230e6027}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {Aquatic Toxicology}, volume = {69}, pages = {281 -- 288}, abstract = {The potential for input of two common antibacterial agents in Mediterranean fish farms, oxytetracycline (OTC) and oxolinic acid (OA), was estimated from measurements of these drugs in the faecal excretions of two important farmed sparids, gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata and sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo. Oxolinic acid was found to be well absorbed by gilthead sea bream (92%) and sharpsnout sea bream (88%) while the absorption of OTC was found to be considerably lower in both species (27 and 40%, respectively). These data were integrated with production records for sparids, drug dosage regimes and treatment frequency information to calculate potential annual drug release to the aquatic environment from Greek fish farms. These calculations suggest potentially significant quantities of unmetabolised OTC can be passed unabsorbed through the body of treated sparids and excreted via the faeces into the local marine environment. The situation with OA was much less pronounced. It was estimated that potentially more than 1900 kg of OTC and more than 50 kg of OA may be released via faecal excretion into the environment by sparid farms per year. Further drug may also be released via uneaten medicated feed, leached drugs and other routes of fish elimination (renal excretion, branchial secretions). Drug pollution of the marine environment in the vicinity of fish farms can have adverse ecological effects, including development of resistant bacterial populations and exposure with potential drug accumulation in aquatic fauna and flora. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The potential for input of two common antibacterial agents in Mediterranean fish farms, oxytetracycline (OTC) and oxolinic acid (OA), was estimated from measurements of these drugs in the faecal excretions of two important farmed sparids, gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata and sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo. Oxolinic acid was found to be well absorbed by gilthead sea bream (92%) and sharpsnout sea bream (88%) while the absorption of OTC was found to be considerably lower in both species (27 and 40%, respectively). These data were integrated with production records for sparids, drug dosage regimes and treatment frequency information to calculate potential annual drug release to the aquatic environment from Greek fish farms. These calculations suggest potentially significant quantities of unmetabolised OTC can be passed unabsorbed through the body of treated sparids and excreted via the faeces into the local marine environment. The situation with OA was much less pronounced. It was estimated that potentially more than 1900 kg of OTC and more than 50 kg of OA may be released via faecal excretion into the environment by sparid farms per year. Further drug may also be released via uneaten medicated feed, leached drugs and other routes of fish elimination (renal excretion, branchial secretions). Drug pollution of the marine environment in the vicinity of fish farms can have adverse ecological effects, including development of resistant bacterial populations and exposure with potential drug accumulation in aquatic fauna and flora. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
Rigos, G; Tyrpenou, ; Nengas, I; Alexis, A E M; Poulou, Athanasso F; Troisi, G M Poor bioavailability of oxytetracycline in sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo Journal Article Aquaculture, 235 , pp. 489 – 497, 2004. @article{rigos_poor_2004, title = {Poor bioavailability of oxytetracycline in sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo}, author = {G Rigos and Tyrpenou and I Nengas and A E M Alexis and F Athanasso Poulou and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-1542280919&partnerID=40&md5=7c1f6e8e157f8928bcb1086f90bea99a}, year = {2004}, date = {2004-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {235}, pages = {489 -- 497}, abstract = {The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) were investigated following single intravascular injection (40 mg/kg) in sharpsnout sea bream (90 g) at 19°C. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OTC were calculated to be 1.4 and 35 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) was found to be 4 l/kg. The total clearance rate (CLT) of the drug was low (0.08 l/kg h). Repeated attempts to investigate the bioavailability of OTC following oral administration (75 mg/kg; forced-fed or via the feed), revealed undetectable levels of the drug in plasma and muscle samples. Poor tissue absorption is likely due to significant hepatic metabolism of OTC in sharpsnout sea bream, but this requires further investigation. Thus, oral administration of OTC in farmed sharpsnout sea bream should be discouraged in favour of other routes of administration or other antibiotic drugs. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (OTC) were investigated following single intravascular injection (40 mg/kg) in sharpsnout sea bream (90 g) at 19°C. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OTC were calculated to be 1.4 and 35 h, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) was found to be 4 l/kg. The total clearance rate (CLT) of the drug was low (0.08 l/kg h). Repeated attempts to investigate the bioavailability of OTC following oral administration (75 mg/kg; forced-fed or via the feed), revealed undetectable levels of the drug in plasma and muscle samples. Poor tissue absorption is likely due to significant hepatic metabolism of OTC in sharpsnout sea bream, but this requires further investigation. Thus, oral administration of OTC in farmed sharpsnout sea bream should be discouraged in favour of other routes of administration or other antibiotic drugs. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
2003 |
Venou, B; Alexis, M N; Fountoulaki, E; Nengas, I; Apostolopoulou, M; Castritsi-Cathariou, I Aquaculture, 225 (1-4), pp. 207–223, 2003, ISSN: 00448486. @article{venou_effect_2003, title = {Effect of extrusion of wheat and corn on gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) growth, nutrient utilization efficiency, rates of gastric evacuation and digestive enzyme activities}, author = {B Venou and M N Alexis and E Fountoulaki and I Nengas and M Apostolopoulou and I Castritsi-Cathariou}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044848603002904}, doi = {10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00290-4}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2003}, date = {2003-07-01}, urldate = {2020-08-18}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {225}, number = {1-4}, pages = {207--223}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Fountoulaki, E; Alexis, M N; Nengas, I; Venou, B Aquaculture, 225 (1-4), pp. 309–323, 2003, ISSN: 00448486. @article{fountoulaki_effects_2003, title = {Effects of dietary arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), on growth, body composition, and tissue fatty acid profile of gilthead bream fingerlings (Sparus aurata L.)}, author = {E Fountoulaki and M N Alexis and I Nengas and B Venou}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044848603002989}, doi = {10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00298-9}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2003}, date = {2003-07-01}, urldate = {2020-08-18}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {225}, number = {1-4}, pages = {309--323}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Rigos, G; Nengas, I; Tyrpenou, A E; Alexis, M; Troisi, G M Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oxytetracycline in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) after a single dose Journal Article Aquaculture, 221 , pp. 75 – 83, 2003. @article{rigos_pharmacokinetics_2003, title = {Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oxytetracycline in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) after a single dose}, author = {G Rigos and I Nengas and A E Tyrpenou and M Alexis and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037402546&partnerID=40&md5=73df0faf1da29455a07de80aa4cde170}, year = {2003}, date = {2003-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {221}, pages = {75 -- 83}, abstract = {This is the first study to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline (OTC) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Following a single intravascular injection of OTC (40 mg/kg) in 100 g fish kept at 20°C, the distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OTC were found to be long (2 and 53 h, respectively). The drug was well distributed throughout the internal body compartments since the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and the apparent volume of distribution by the area method (Vd(arca)) were found to be high (2.9 and 3.8 l/kg, respectively). OTC had a long mean residence time (MRT) (56 h) but a short total clearance (CLT) (0.05 1/kg h). The slow elimination of the drug suggests a need for long withdrawal periods prior to use of dosed fish for human consumption. Although the bioavailability (F%) of OTC following oral administration in aqueous suspension (75 mg/kg) was calculated to be low (9%), maximum OTC plasma concentration was relatively high (2.5 μg/ml), indicating that current therapeutic regimens applied to gilthead sea bream might be effective against bacterial pathogens. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This is the first study to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline (OTC) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). Following a single intravascular injection of OTC (40 mg/kg) in 100 g fish kept at 20°C, the distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of OTC were found to be long (2 and 53 h, respectively). The drug was well distributed throughout the internal body compartments since the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and the apparent volume of distribution by the area method (Vd(arca)) were found to be high (2.9 and 3.8 l/kg, respectively). OTC had a long mean residence time (MRT) (56 h) but a short total clearance (CLT) (0.05 1/kg h). The slow elimination of the drug suggests a need for long withdrawal periods prior to use of dosed fish for human consumption. Although the bioavailability (F%) of OTC following oral administration in aqueous suspension (75 mg/kg) was calculated to be low (9%), maximum OTC plasma concentration was relatively high (2.5 μg/ml), indicating that current therapeutic regimens applied to gilthead sea bream might be effective against bacterial pathogens. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
Rigos, G; Nengas, I; Alexis, M; Tyrpenou, A E; Troisi, G M Aquaculture, 224 , pp. 245 – 256, 2003. @article{rigos_tissue_2003, title = {Tissue distribution and residue depletion of oxolinic acid in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sharpsnout sea bream (Diplodus puntazzo) following multiple in-feed dosing}, author = {G Rigos and I Nengas and M Alexis and A E Tyrpenou and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037911446&partnerID=40&md5=9b91d50c3055d3d2fde33418539e5e5f}, year = {2003}, date = {2003-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {224}, pages = {245 -- 256}, abstract = {The tissue distribution and residue depletion of oxolinic acid (OA) were investigated in gilthead sea bream and sharpsnout sea bream after a multiple (10 days) in-feed administration (30 mg/kg fish) at 19°C. Plasma, muscle, skin, liver and bile were sampled daily during treatment (1-10 days) and post-treatment (11,12, 14, 15 and 17 days) and subsequently analysed for OA concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescent detection (HPLC-SFD). Oxolinic acid displayed biphasic elimination in tissues of both species during treatment and reached "consumer safe levels" 24 h after treatment. OA concentration in gilthead sea bream peaked on day 4, with highest concentrations in liver (2660 ng/g), followed by bile (2370 ng/ml), skin (2350 ng/g), muscle (1330 ng/g) and plasma (880 ng/ml). In sharpsnout sea bream, peaked OA concentrations were observed in liver (2720 ng/g) on day 4, while highest concentrations were measured later on day 5 in plasma (910 ng/ml) and day 6 in bile (2360 ng/ml), skin (1960 ng/g) and muscle (1770 ng/g). The calculated areas under the concentration curves (AUC) also reflect a good tissue distribution of OA. Elimination half-lives (t1/2) were estimated to be 11-14 and 11-19 h in tissues of gilthead sea bream and sharpsnout sea bream, respectively. Multiple dosing of OA in sparids should be adequate to confront bacterial pathogens considering published minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drug. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The tissue distribution and residue depletion of oxolinic acid (OA) were investigated in gilthead sea bream and sharpsnout sea bream after a multiple (10 days) in-feed administration (30 mg/kg fish) at 19°C. Plasma, muscle, skin, liver and bile were sampled daily during treatment (1-10 days) and post-treatment (11,12, 14, 15 and 17 days) and subsequently analysed for OA concentrations using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescent detection (HPLC-SFD). Oxolinic acid displayed biphasic elimination in tissues of both species during treatment and reached "consumer safe levels" 24 h after treatment. OA concentration in gilthead sea bream peaked on day 4, with highest concentrations in liver (2660 ng/g), followed by bile (2370 ng/ml), skin (2350 ng/g), muscle (1330 ng/g) and plasma (880 ng/ml). In sharpsnout sea bream, peaked OA concentrations were observed in liver (2720 ng/g) on day 4, while highest concentrations were measured later on day 5 in plasma (910 ng/ml) and day 6 in bile (2360 ng/ml), skin (1960 ng/g) and muscle (1770 ng/g). The calculated areas under the concentration curves (AUC) also reflect a good tissue distribution of OA. Elimination half-lives (t1/2) were estimated to be 11-14 and 11-19 h in tissues of gilthead sea bream and sharpsnout sea bream, respectively. Multiple dosing of OA in sparids should be adequate to confront bacterial pathogens considering published minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drug. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
Rigos, G; Tyrpenou, A E; Nengas, I; Yiagnisis, M; Koutsodimou, M; Alexis, M; Troisi, G M Pharmacokinetics of flumequine and in vitro activity against bacterial pathogens of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata Journal Article Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 54 , pp. 35 – 41, 2003. @article{rigos_pharmacokinetics_2003-1, title = {Pharmacokinetics of flumequine and in vitro activity against bacterial pathogens of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata}, author = {G Rigos and A E Tyrpenou and I Nengas and M Yiagnisis and M Koutsodimou and M Alexis and G M Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0242500738&partnerID=40&md5=04952ed6946b3b5bf6b53e7fa6783038}, year = {2003}, date = {2003-01-01}, journal = {Diseases of Aquatic Organisms}, volume = {54}, pages = {35 -- 41}, abstract = {The present study investigated the kinetic profile of flumequine (FLU) in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (170 g) held at 19°C and evaluated its in vitro efficacy against important bacterial diseases in Mediterranean mariculture. Following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg-1 fish), the distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the half-life of the terminal phase of elimination (t1/2α) of the drug were 0.2 and 30 h respectively. Tissue penetration of FLU was low, since both the apparent distribution volume of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and the apparent volume of the central compartment (Vc) were small (0.57 and 0.15 1 kg-1). The mean residence time (MRT) was short (11 h) and the total clearance (CLT) of the drug was slow (0.05 1 kg-1 h-1). Following oral administration (20 mg kg1), the bioavailability (F%) of FLU was 29% and the maximum plasma concentration was 1.7 pg ml-1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug in distilled water supplemented with 2% NaCl against Vibrio anguillarum Serotype 1b, Photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida, V. alginolyticus, V. damsela and V. fluvialis was 0.15, 0.3, 1.2, 0.019 and 0.15 pg ml-1 respectively. The addition however of 10 mM Ca2+ and 55 mM Mg2+ to the medium resulted in an 8- to >120-fold reduction in FLU activity. The results indicate that FLU has an adequate kinetic profile in gilthead sea bream and that marine cations induce a significant impact on the activity of FLU, rendering its use against bacterial pathogens questionable.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study investigated the kinetic profile of flumequine (FLU) in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (170 g) held at 19°C and evaluated its in vitro efficacy against important bacterial diseases in Mediterranean mariculture. Following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg-1 fish), the distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the half-life of the terminal phase of elimination (t1/2α) of the drug were 0.2 and 30 h respectively. Tissue penetration of FLU was low, since both the apparent distribution volume of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) and the apparent volume of the central compartment (Vc) were small (0.57 and 0.15 1 kg-1). The mean residence time (MRT) was short (11 h) and the total clearance (CLT) of the drug was slow (0.05 1 kg-1 h-1). Following oral administration (20 mg kg1), the bioavailability (F%) of FLU was 29% and the maximum plasma concentration was 1.7 pg ml-1. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug in distilled water supplemented with 2% NaCl against Vibrio anguillarum Serotype 1b, Photobacterium damsela ssp. piscicida, V. alginolyticus, V. damsela and V. fluvialis was 0.15, 0.3, 1.2, 0.019 and 0.15 pg ml-1 respectively. The addition however of 10 mM Ca2+ and 55 mM Mg2+ to the medium resulted in an 8- to >120-fold reduction in FLU activity. The results indicate that FLU has an adequate kinetic profile in gilthead sea bream and that marine cations induce a significant impact on the activity of FLU, rendering its use against bacterial pathogens questionable. |
2002 |
Rigos, G; Alexis, M; Andriopoulou, A; Nengas, I Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxytetracycline in sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax, at two water temperatures Journal Article Aquaculture, 210 , pp. 59 – 67, 2002. @article{rigos_pharmacokinetics_2002, title = {Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxytetracycline in sea bass, dicentrarchus labrax, at two water temperatures}, author = {G Rigos and M Alexis and A Andriopoulou and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037205852&partnerID=40&md5=c7df800205f1389fd7180146f3242486}, year = {2002}, date = {2002-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {210}, pages = {59 -- 67}, abstract = {A pharmacokinetic study of oxytetracycline (OTC) following an intravascular administration (40 mg/kg) was carried out in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (110 g), at 13.5 and 22°C water temperature. Blood, muscle and liver samples were taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 h post-injection. The plasma data were conformed to a two-compamnent model. The kinetic profile of the drug was found to be temperature dependent. The absorption half-life (t1/2a) of OTC was 0.98 and 0.192 h at 13.5 and 22°C, respectively, whereas the elimination half-time (t1/2β) of the drug was 69 h at 13.5°C and 9.65 h at 22°C. The apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady state [Vd(ss)] was 5.62 l/kg at 13.5°C and 2.59 l/kg at 22°C. The mean residence time (MRT) of OTC was found to be 37.7 h at 22°C and 71 h at 13.5°C. The total clearance of the drug (CLT) was calculated to be 73.5 and 68.7 ml/kg/h at 13.5 and 22°C, respectively. Liver levels indicated higher OTC values than respective muscle levels at all time points and for both temperatures. The elimination of OTC from tissues tested was faster at the high temperature, whereas the drug was eliminated faster from liver compared to muscle when comparisons are made at the same temperature. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A pharmacokinetic study of oxytetracycline (OTC) following an intravascular administration (40 mg/kg) was carried out in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (110 g), at 13.5 and 22°C water temperature. Blood, muscle and liver samples were taken at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 h post-injection. The plasma data were conformed to a two-compamnent model. The kinetic profile of the drug was found to be temperature dependent. The absorption half-life (t1/2a) of OTC was 0.98 and 0.192 h at 13.5 and 22°C, respectively, whereas the elimination half-time (t1/2β) of the drug was 69 h at 13.5°C and 9.65 h at 22°C. The apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady state [Vd(ss)] was 5.62 l/kg at 13.5°C and 2.59 l/kg at 22°C. The mean residence time (MRT) of OTC was found to be 37.7 h at 22°C and 71 h at 13.5°C. The total clearance of the drug (CLT) was calculated to be 73.5 and 68.7 ml/kg/h at 13.5 and 22°C, respectively. Liver levels indicated higher OTC values than respective muscle levels at all time points and for both temperatures. The elimination of OTC from tissues tested was faster at the high temperature, whereas the drug was eliminated faster from liver compared to muscle when comparisons are made at the same temperature. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
Rigos, G; Alexis, M; Tyrpenou, A E; Nengas, I; Piper, I; Troisi, G Pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. Journal Article Journal of Fish Diseases, 25 , pp. 401 – 408, 2002. @article{rigos_pharmacokinetics_2002-1, title = {Pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L.}, author = {G Rigos and M Alexis and A E Tyrpenou and I Nengas and I Piper and G Troisi}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036333185&partnerID=40&md5=56977a9d1b32140fe02fdfb38572cf87}, year = {2002}, date = {2002-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases}, volume = {25}, pages = {401 -- 408}, abstract = {This is the first study on the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxolinic acid (OA) in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. The kinetic profile of OA was studied after a single intravascular injection (20 mg kg-1) in 100 g fish at 20°C. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of the drug were found to be short (0.51 and 12.60 h, respectively). The drug penetration from the plasma to the tissues was adequate as the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) was found to be 2.11 L kg-1. The mean residence time (MRT) of OA was short (14.25 h) and the total clearance rate (ClT) of the drug was low (0.15 L kg-1 h-1). The bioavailability (F%) of OA following oral administration (30 mg kg-1) was also low (14%). Maximum values were observed for muscle at 0.5 h after injection, with levels declining as with subsequent sampling. At the first two time points (0.5 and 1 h) plasma levels of OA were higher than muscle, however, the reverse was evident for subsequent samples. Following oral administration, highest musde levels were found at 16 h and, with the exception of the 24-h sampling, musde OA concentrations were higher than plasma at all time points. The fast elimination of OA suggests short withdrawal times with reference to human consumption of treated fish.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This is the first study on the pharmacokinetic parameters of oxolinic acid (OA) in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. The kinetic profile of OA was studied after a single intravascular injection (20 mg kg-1) in 100 g fish at 20°C. The distribution half-life (t1/2α) and the elimination half-life (t1/2β) of the drug were found to be short (0.51 and 12.60 h, respectively). The drug penetration from the plasma to the tissues was adequate as the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (Vd(ss)) was found to be 2.11 L kg-1. The mean residence time (MRT) of OA was short (14.25 h) and the total clearance rate (ClT) of the drug was low (0.15 L kg-1 h-1). The bioavailability (F%) of OA following oral administration (30 mg kg-1) was also low (14%). Maximum values were observed for muscle at 0.5 h after injection, with levels declining as with subsequent sampling. At the first two time points (0.5 and 1 h) plasma levels of OA were higher than muscle, however, the reverse was evident for subsequent samples. Following oral administration, highest musde levels were found at 16 h and, with the exception of the 24-h sampling, musde OA concentrations were higher than plasma at all time points. The fast elimination of OA suggests short withdrawal times with reference to human consumption of treated fish. |
Rigos, G; Alexis, M; Andriopoulou, A; Nengas, I Aquaculture Research, 33 , pp. 1175 – 1181, 2002. @article{rigos_temperature-dependent_2002, title = {Temperature-dependent pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxolinic acid in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., after a single intravascular injection}, author = {G Rigos and M Alexis and A Andriopoulou and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0037180348&partnerID=40&md5=994b617ee638610a5a8b9aef295f8c93}, year = {2002}, date = {2002-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {33}, pages = {1175 -- 1181}, abstract = {The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxolinic acid following an intravascular administration (15 mg kg-1 fish) were determined in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. (110g), at 13°C and 22°C water temperature. The kinetic profile of the drug was found to be temperature dependent, with increased temperature having a greater effect on distribution after equilibrium and the elimination phase than on the distribution process. The distibution half-life of oxolinic acid was 1.15 and 2.76h at 22°C and 13°C respectively, whereas the elimination half-life of the drug was 55h at 22°C and 315h at 13°C. The values of the apparent volume of distribution (1.44Lkg-1 at 22°C and 3.31 Lkg-1 at 13°C) and the volume of distribution at steady state (5.2 and 14.7Lkg-1 at the high and low temperature respectively) were considerably different between the two tested temperatures. The total body clearance of the antibiotic was found to be low (1.47Lkg-1 day-1 at 22°C and 0.80Lkg-1 day-1 at 13°C). Lower rates of elimination were found for the liver compared with muscle, the difference increasing with increasing temperature, while elimination rates from the serum were higher than those of other tissues, especially at the high temperature.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of oxolinic acid following an intravascular administration (15 mg kg-1 fish) were determined in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. (110g), at 13°C and 22°C water temperature. The kinetic profile of the drug was found to be temperature dependent, with increased temperature having a greater effect on distribution after equilibrium and the elimination phase than on the distribution process. The distibution half-life of oxolinic acid was 1.15 and 2.76h at 22°C and 13°C respectively, whereas the elimination half-life of the drug was 55h at 22°C and 315h at 13°C. The values of the apparent volume of distribution (1.44Lkg-1 at 22°C and 3.31 Lkg-1 at 13°C) and the volume of distribution at steady state (5.2 and 14.7Lkg-1 at the high and low temperature respectively) were considerably different between the two tested temperatures. The total body clearance of the antibiotic was found to be low (1.47Lkg-1 day-1 at 22°C and 0.80Lkg-1 day-1 at 13°C). Lower rates of elimination were found for the liver compared with muscle, the difference increasing with increasing temperature, while elimination rates from the serum were higher than those of other tissues, especially at the high temperature. |
Rigos, G; Tyrpenou, A; Nengas, I; Alexis, M A pharmacokinetic study of flumequine in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), after a single intravascular injection Journal Article Journal of Fish Diseases, 25 , pp. 101 – 105, 2002. @article{rigos_pharmacokinetic_2002, title = {A pharmacokinetic study of flumequine in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), after a single intravascular injection}, author = {G Rigos and A Tyrpenou and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036179502&partnerID=40&md5=fd41e0c3449ea53a451c6d5064795226}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00340.x}, year = {2002}, date = {2002-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases}, volume = {25}, pages = {101 -- 105}, abstract = {The pharmacokinetic properties of flumequine following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg -1 fish) were studied in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), 120 g held at 18°C. The absorption half life (t 1/2α) and the elimination half life (t 1/2β) of the drug were calculated to be 1.05 and 10.71 h, respectively. Tissue penetration of flumequine seemed to be moderate because both the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (V d(ss)) and the extensive apparent volume of the central compartment (V c) were found to be small (1.51 and 0.626 L kg -1). The mean residence time (MRT) was short (09.73 h) and the total clearance (CL T) of the drug was rapid (0.156 L kg -1 h -1).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The pharmacokinetic properties of flumequine following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg -1 fish) were studied in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), 120 g held at 18°C. The absorption half life (t 1/2α) and the elimination half life (t 1/2β) of the drug were calculated to be 1.05 and 10.71 h, respectively. Tissue penetration of flumequine seemed to be moderate because both the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (V d(ss)) and the extensive apparent volume of the central compartment (V c) were found to be small (1.51 and 0.626 L kg -1). The mean residence time (MRT) was short (09.73 h) and the total clearance (CL T) of the drug was rapid (0.156 L kg -1 h -1). |
2000 |
Rigos, G; Kotzamanis, I; Gialamas, I; Nengas, I; Alexis, M Toxicity and digestibility of fumagillin DCH in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L. Journal Article Journal of Fish Diseases, 23 , pp. 161 – 164, 2000. @article{rigos_toxicity_2000, title = {Toxicity and digestibility of fumagillin DCH in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L.}, author = {G Rigos and I Kotzamanis and I Gialamas and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033835878&partnerID=40&md5=fe8776f28328e1bb9903067f107d2210}, year = {2000}, date = {2000-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Fish Diseases}, volume = {23}, pages = {161 -- 164}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
1999 |
Alexis, Maria N; Nengas, Ioannis; Fountoulaki, Eleni; Papoutsi, Eleni; Andriopoulou, Argiro; Koutsodimou, Maria; Gaubaudan, J Aquaculture, 179 (1-4), pp. 447–456, 1999, ISSN: 00448486. @article{alexis_tissue_1999, title = {Tissue ascorbic acid levels in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) fingerlings fed diets containing different forms of ascorbic acid}, author = {Maria N Alexis and Ioannis Nengas and Eleni Fountoulaki and Eleni Papoutsi and Argiro Andriopoulou and Maria Koutsodimou and J Gaubaudan}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044848699001787}, doi = {10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00178-7}, issn = {00448486}, year = {1999}, date = {1999-09-01}, urldate = {2020-08-18}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {179}, number = {1-4}, pages = {447--456}, abstract = {Sea bass and sea bream fingerlings of 3-4 g initial weight were fed four diets supplemented with 250 mg/kg of ascorbic acid (AA) supplied as the fat coated form or different phosphate ester forms. An ascorbate free diet was also fed. Before the start of the experiment, fish were fed an ascorbate free diet in order to deplete their ascorbate stores. The same diet formulation was used in all treatments containing fish meal LT, soybean meal and wheat flour as the main ingredients. Feeding levels were the same for all groups of fish and were close to satiation. The results obtained for fish growth and feed efficiency did not differ significantly among groups of fish for both species studied. Muscle, liver and kidney were analysed for AA content after frequent sampling of fish. Tissue ascorbate levels increased after feeding the ascorbate containing diets, the rate of increase was although higher for sea bream than for sea bass. Ascorbate levels in groups fed the fat coated diet were lower than those fed the diets containing phosphate esters, probably due to a higher destruction of this form during feed preparation and storage. AA levels in the tissues studied were different with muscle having the lowest and kidney the highest value. Ascorbate levels in fish fed the ascorbate free diet decreased significantly. No growth reduction or deficiency signs were observed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Sea bass and sea bream fingerlings of 3-4 g initial weight were fed four diets supplemented with 250 mg/kg of ascorbic acid (AA) supplied as the fat coated form or different phosphate ester forms. An ascorbate free diet was also fed. Before the start of the experiment, fish were fed an ascorbate free diet in order to deplete their ascorbate stores. The same diet formulation was used in all treatments containing fish meal LT, soybean meal and wheat flour as the main ingredients. Feeding levels were the same for all groups of fish and were close to satiation. The results obtained for fish growth and feed efficiency did not differ significantly among groups of fish for both species studied. Muscle, liver and kidney were analysed for AA content after frequent sampling of fish. Tissue ascorbate levels increased after feeding the ascorbate containing diets, the rate of increase was although higher for sea bream than for sea bass. Ascorbate levels in groups fed the fat coated diet were lower than those fed the diets containing phosphate esters, probably due to a higher destruction of this form during feed preparation and storage. AA levels in the tissues studied were different with muscle having the lowest and kidney the highest value. Ascorbate levels in fish fed the ascorbate free diet decreased significantly. No growth reduction or deficiency signs were observed. |
Nengas, Ioannis; Alexis, Maria N; Davies, Simon J High inclusion levels of poultry meals and related byproducts in diets for gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L. Journal Article Aquaculture, 179 (1-4), pp. 13–23, 1999, ISSN: 00448486. @article{nengas_high_1999, title = {High inclusion levels of poultry meals and related byproducts in diets for gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L.}, author = {Ioannis Nengas and Maria N Alexis and Simon J Davies}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044848699001489}, doi = {10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00148-9}, issn = {00448486}, year = {1999}, date = {1999-09-01}, urldate = {2020-08-18}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {179}, number = {1-4}, pages = {13--23}, abstract = {The feasibility of replacing fish meal protein at high levels of 75 and 100% with a high quality poultry meat meal was assessed in diets for gilthead seabream. A combined mixture of poultry meat meal and feather meal was also tested at high inclusion levels of 75 and 100%. Finally, two lower grade poultry by-product meals produced for the Greek industry were tested at various levels for comparison. The diets were isocaloric containing 18 MJ/kg of gross energy, isonitrogenous (CP: 45%) and had a lipid content of 13% on an as fed basis. The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system and its duration was 84 days. The groups of fish fed 75 and 100% poultry meat meal showed a slight reduction in growth parameters compared to fish fed the control diet containing white fish meal but was not statistically significant (P textless 0.05). Similar results were obtained for the fish fed the poultry and feather mixture. Feed efficiency, protein and energy utilisation followed the same trends. One of the locally produced meals at substitution levels of up to 50% produced no significant reduction in growth of seabream (P textless 0.05). At the level of 75% of the protein, however, the material caused a severe decrease in growth performance, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilisation. Inferior quality was also demonstrated by the other poultry meal available on the Greek market. Protein digestibility coefficients were measured for all diets and essential amino acid indices and chemical score values were calculated.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The feasibility of replacing fish meal protein at high levels of 75 and 100% with a high quality poultry meat meal was assessed in diets for gilthead seabream. A combined mixture of poultry meat meal and feather meal was also tested at high inclusion levels of 75 and 100%. Finally, two lower grade poultry by-product meals produced for the Greek industry were tested at various levels for comparison. The diets were isocaloric containing 18 MJ/kg of gross energy, isonitrogenous (CP: 45%) and had a lipid content of 13% on an as fed basis. The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system and its duration was 84 days. The groups of fish fed 75 and 100% poultry meat meal showed a slight reduction in growth parameters compared to fish fed the control diet containing white fish meal but was not statistically significant (P textless 0.05). Similar results were obtained for the fish fed the poultry and feather mixture. Feed efficiency, protein and energy utilisation followed the same trends. One of the locally produced meals at substitution levels of up to 50% produced no significant reduction in growth of seabream (P textless 0.05). At the level of 75% of the protein, however, the material caused a severe decrease in growth performance, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilisation. Inferior quality was also demonstrated by the other poultry meal available on the Greek market. Protein digestibility coefficients were measured for all diets and essential amino acid indices and chemical score values were calculated. |
Rigos, G; Christophilogiannis, P; Yiagnisi, M; Andriopoulou, A; Koutsodimou, M; Nengas, I; Alexis, M Myxosporean infections in Greek mariculture Journal Article Aquaculture International, 7 , pp. 361 – 364, 1999. @article{rigos_myxosporean_1999, title = {Myxosporean infections in Greek mariculture}, author = {G Rigos and P Christophilogiannis and M Yiagnisi and A Andriopoulou and M Koutsodimou and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033512619&partnerID=40&md5=b36f94c8f28917da682199a49d768f7b}, year = {1999}, date = {1999-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture International}, volume = {7}, pages = {361 -- 364}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Rigos, G; Alexis, M; Nengas, I Leaching, palatability and digestibility of oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid included in diets fed to seabass Dicentrarchus labrax L. Journal Article Aquaculture Research, 30 , pp. 841 – 847, 1999. @article{rigos_leaching_1999, title = {Leaching, palatability and digestibility of oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid included in diets fed to seabass Dicentrarchus labrax L.}, author = {G Rigos and M Alexis and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033385354&partnerID=40&md5=b697c8b14ba6b9a0fe7b97acc49786f2}, year = {1999}, date = {1999-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {30}, pages = {841 -- 847}, abstract = {The leaching of oxolinic acid (OA) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from medicated feeds, as well as the palatability and digestibility of these drugs were investigated in seabass Dicentrarchus labrax L. (350g) at 16°C and 24°C water temperature. Oil- coated OA and OTC on feeds were greatly affected by leaching at 16 °C (losses of 55.5% and 42.5% for OA and OTC respectively) and 24 °C (32% for OA and 47% for OTC). However, a significant reduction in drug loss resulting from leaching was evident when the antibiotics were mixed with the diet at 16°C (5% for OA and 6.5% for OTC) and 24°C (10% and 20% for OA and OTC respectively). Increased water temperature induced a significant effect on the leaching of both drugs when mixed with the feed, but did not affect the loss of oil-coated drugs. There was a significant reduction in feed consumption of fish fed a diet with oil-coated OTC (90% and 92% at 16°C and 24°C respectively), whereas intake of feed containing oil-coated OA was only slightly affected (10% at 16 °C, 12% at 24 °C). The depressed palatability of feeds containing oil-coated OTC was overcome by mixing the drug with the diet. Both antibiotics were well digested by seabass (94% and 85% for OA and OTC respectively) at 24°C; however, more than one-third of each drug was recovered in the faeces at 16 °C (64% and 59% for OA and OTC respectively). The significance of these findings for the interaction between fish therapy and marine environment is stressed.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The leaching of oxolinic acid (OA) and oxytetracycline (OTC) from medicated feeds, as well as the palatability and digestibility of these drugs were investigated in seabass Dicentrarchus labrax L. (350g) at 16°C and 24°C water temperature. Oil- coated OA and OTC on feeds were greatly affected by leaching at 16 °C (losses of 55.5% and 42.5% for OA and OTC respectively) and 24 °C (32% for OA and 47% for OTC). However, a significant reduction in drug loss resulting from leaching was evident when the antibiotics were mixed with the diet at 16°C (5% for OA and 6.5% for OTC) and 24°C (10% and 20% for OA and OTC respectively). Increased water temperature induced a significant effect on the leaching of both drugs when mixed with the feed, but did not affect the loss of oil-coated drugs. There was a significant reduction in feed consumption of fish fed a diet with oil-coated OTC (90% and 92% at 16°C and 24°C respectively), whereas intake of feed containing oil-coated OA was only slightly affected (10% at 16 °C, 12% at 24 °C). The depressed palatability of feeds containing oil-coated OTC was overcome by mixing the drug with the diet. Both antibiotics were well digested by seabass (94% and 85% for OA and OTC respectively) at 24°C; however, more than one-third of each drug was recovered in the faeces at 16 °C (64% and 59% for OA and OTC respectively). The significance of these findings for the interaction between fish therapy and marine environment is stressed. |
1998 |
Rigos, G; Grigorakis, K; Nengas, I; Christophilogiannis, P; Yiagnisi, M; Koutsodimou, M; Andriopoulou, A; Alexis, M Stress-related pathology seems a significant obstacle for the intensive farming of common dentex, Dentex dentex (linnaeus 1758) Journal Article Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 18 , pp. 15 – 18, 1998. @article{rigos_stress-related_1998, title = {Stress-related pathology seems a significant obstacle for the intensive farming of common dentex, Dentex dentex (linnaeus 1758)}, author = {G Rigos and K Grigorakis and I Nengas and P Christophilogiannis and M Yiagnisi and M Koutsodimou and A Andriopoulou and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0003198749&partnerID=40&md5=304dccbac8bdb17b0c47eb5a179a0be7}, year = {1998}, date = {1998-01-01}, journal = {Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists}, volume = {18}, pages = {15 -- 18}, abstract = {High mortalities of pathological origin were evident when juvenile common dentex (Dentex dentex) L. were exposed to stress situations and increased handling. The pathological examination of an outbreak revealed the presence of two parasites, two bacterial pathogens and a chlamydia-like organism. These pathological findings that were accompanied with a moderate agonistic behaviour of the fish and cannibalism signs seem to be associated with the relatively high susceptibility of common dentex to stress conditions. The stressed individuals found to succumb easily to disease problems leading to progressive mortalities. Similar findings were appeared in the investigation of a new disease incidence due to bacterial infections. Neither pathological signs nor agonistic behaviour or cannibalism bites were evident when the fish were exposed to minimum stress situations and not extensively handled.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } High mortalities of pathological origin were evident when juvenile common dentex (Dentex dentex) L. were exposed to stress situations and increased handling. The pathological examination of an outbreak revealed the presence of two parasites, two bacterial pathogens and a chlamydia-like organism. These pathological findings that were accompanied with a moderate agonistic behaviour of the fish and cannibalism signs seem to be associated with the relatively high susceptibility of common dentex to stress conditions. The stressed individuals found to succumb easily to disease problems leading to progressive mortalities. Similar findings were appeared in the investigation of a new disease incidence due to bacterial infections. Neither pathological signs nor agonistic behaviour or cannibalism bites were evident when the fish were exposed to minimum stress situations and not extensively handled. |
Rigos, G; Christophilogiannis, P; Giahnishi, M; Andriopoulou, A; Koutsodimoy, M; Nengas, I; Alexis, M Amyloodinium occelatum infestation on sharpsnout sea bream, Puntazzo puntazzo cetti Journal Article Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 18 , pp. 198 – 200, 1998. @article{rigos_amyloodinium_1998, title = {Amyloodinium occelatum infestation on sharpsnout sea bream, Puntazzo puntazzo cetti}, author = {G Rigos and P Christophilogiannis and M Giahnishi and A Andriopoulou and M Koutsodimoy and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-3042877967&partnerID=40&md5=e145ac3be1044818c798bd4a72383612}, year = {1998}, date = {1998-01-01}, journal = {Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists}, volume = {18}, pages = {198 -- 200}, abstract = {The devastating effect of Amyloodinium occelatum on sharpsnout sea bream, Puntazzo puntazzo Cetti is described in this note. Massive and rapid mortalities (100% in 48 h) of cultured juvenile (12 g) sharpsnout sea bream were attributed to an epizootic infection with the dinoflagellate A. occelatum parasitising the gills. A clinical infection was also apparent in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L (10 g ) kept in adjacent cages but 25 % of the infected population survived the infection. On the contrary, sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. (20gr) that were maintained near to the infected Sparids remained unaffected. This epizootic was attributed to the location of the cages site and the optimum for the parasite water temperature. The incidence confirms the lethal identity of the particular pathogen on cultured fish.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The devastating effect of Amyloodinium occelatum on sharpsnout sea bream, Puntazzo puntazzo Cetti is described in this note. Massive and rapid mortalities (100% in 48 h) of cultured juvenile (12 g) sharpsnout sea bream were attributed to an epizootic infection with the dinoflagellate A. occelatum parasitising the gills. A clinical infection was also apparent in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L (10 g ) kept in adjacent cages but 25 % of the infected population survived the infection. On the contrary, sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. (20gr) that were maintained near to the infected Sparids remained unaffected. This epizootic was attributed to the location of the cages site and the optimum for the parasite water temperature. The incidence confirms the lethal identity of the particular pathogen on cultured fish. |
1997 |
Rigos, G; Grigorakis, K; Christophilogannis, P; Nengas, I; Alexis, M Ceratomyxa spp. (myxosporea) infection in cultured common dentex from Greece Journal Article Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 17 , pp. 174 – 176, 1997. @article{rigos_ceratomyxa_1997, title = {Ceratomyxa spp. (myxosporea) infection in cultured common dentex from Greece}, author = {G Rigos and K Grigorakis and P Christophilogannis and I Nengas and M Alexis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0001359151&partnerID=40&md5=c9888b53eed53faf487895ab5061da21}, year = {1997}, date = {1997-01-01}, journal = {Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists}, volume = {17}, pages = {174 -- 176}, abstract = {Ceratomyxosis was found in common dentex (Dentex dentex L.), a new cultured Sparidae species in Mediterranean mariculture. The cause of the disease appeared to be the myxosporean Ceratomyxa diplodae and C. labrakis with the first being more prevalent. Both coelozoic species were recovered from the bile and the intestinal mucosa without affecting other tissues, however, a possible disorder of the digestive functions may be the cause of the moderate emaciation and mortality of the fish.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ceratomyxosis was found in common dentex (Dentex dentex L.), a new cultured Sparidae species in Mediterranean mariculture. The cause of the disease appeared to be the myxosporean Ceratomyxa diplodae and C. labrakis with the first being more prevalent. Both coelozoic species were recovered from the bile and the intestinal mucosa without affecting other tissues, however, a possible disorder of the digestive functions may be the cause of the moderate emaciation and mortality of the fish. |
1996 |
Nengas, I; Alexis, M N; Davies, S J Partial substitution of fishmeal with soybean meal products and derivatives in diets for the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (L.) Journal Article Aquaculture Research, 27 , pp. 147 – 156, 1996. @article{nengas_partial_1996, title = {Partial substitution of fishmeal with soybean meal products and derivatives in diets for the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (L.)}, author = {I Nengas and M N Alexis and S J Davies}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0001414634&partnerID=40&md5=3d8f337f2bc02e7328233a341eeacc51}, year = {1996}, date = {1996-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {27}, pages = {147 -- 156}, abstract = {Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of several soybean products as constituents in diets for the gilthead sea bream. Sparus aurata (L). In a preliminary experiment, the fish were fed six diets containing different levels of solvent extracted soybean meal as a replacement for white fishmeal at four substitution levels: 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the fishmeal protein component. The diets supported less growth as the inclusion of soybean meal increased. However, significant reductions in growth were apparent at the 30% substitution level. All growth parameters followed the same trend. In the second experiment, six diets with 35% of the total protein contributed from differently processed soybean meals were tested. The products included three industrial full-fat meals heat processed for different periods, a solvent extracted meal and a soya protein concentrate. Protein digestibility coefficients were measured for all the experimental diets. All growth parameters of the fish fed the underheated full-fat meal, solvent extracted meal and soya concentrate were significantly lower than the control group. Protein digestibility coefficients were similar with no statistical differences (P textless 0.05).}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Two growth trials were conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of several soybean products as constituents in diets for the gilthead sea bream. Sparus aurata (L). In a preliminary experiment, the fish were fed six diets containing different levels of solvent extracted soybean meal as a replacement for white fishmeal at four substitution levels: 10, 20, 30 and 40% of the fishmeal protein component. The diets supported less growth as the inclusion of soybean meal increased. However, significant reductions in growth were apparent at the 30% substitution level. All growth parameters followed the same trend. In the second experiment, six diets with 35% of the total protein contributed from differently processed soybean meals were tested. The products included three industrial full-fat meals heat processed for different periods, a solvent extracted meal and a soya protein concentrate. Protein digestibility coefficients were measured for all the experimental diets. All growth parameters of the fish fed the underheated full-fat meal, solvent extracted meal and soya concentrate were significantly lower than the control group. Protein digestibility coefficients were similar with no statistical differences (P textless 0.05). |
1995 |
Nengas, I; Alexis, M N; Davies, S J; Petichakis, G Investigation to determine digestibility coefficients of various raw materials in diets for gilthead sea bream, Sparus auratus L. Journal Article Aquaculture Research, 26 (3), pp. 185–194, 1995, ISSN: 1355-557X, 1365-2109. @article{nengas_investigation_1995, title = {Investigation to determine digestibility coefficients of various raw materials in diets for gilthead sea bream, Sparus auratus L.}, author = {I Nengas and M N Alexis and S J Davies and G Petichakis}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029132532&partnerID=40&md5=9689c28ef976e73848ed195bdd701739}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2109.1995.tb00901.x}, issn = {1355-557X, 1365-2109}, year = {1995}, date = {1995-03-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {26}, number = {3}, pages = {185--194}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |