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2025
Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Eding, Ep H; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Lika, Konstadia
A Nutritional Bioenergetic Model for Farmed Fish: Effects of Food Composition on Growth, Oxygen Consumption and Waste Production Journal Article
In: Aquaculture Nutrition, vol. 2025, no. 1, pp. 9010939, 2025, ISSN: 1353-5773, 1365-2095.
@article{stavrakidis-zachou_nutritional_2025,
title = {A Nutritional Bioenergetic Model for Farmed Fish: Effects of Food Composition on Growth, Oxygen Consumption and Waste Production},
author = {Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Ep H Eding and Nikos Papandroulakis and Konstadia Lika},
editor = {Liqiao Chen},
url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/anu/9010939
/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/2025-Stavrakidis-Zachou-AquaNutr-44.pdf},
doi = {10.1155/anu/9010939},
issn = {1353-5773, 1365-2095},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-08-29},
urldate = {2025-09-04},
journal = {Aquaculture Nutrition},
volume = {2025},
number = {1},
pages = {9010939},
abstract = {The study of flow and transformation of energy and nutrients via mathematical modelling provides an in silico tool approach for designing scientific experiments, improving precision in aquaculture production and reducing the need for experimental animals. The proposed nutritional bioenergetics model is based on the dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory, a mechanistic framework to study individual metabolism. The model is an extension of the typical DEB models in that it includes a digestion module where the protein and non‐protein food components contribute to assimilation via the concept of a synthesising unit (SU). The model allows predictions for measurable quantities of interest for aquaculture, including feeding rate, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide, ammonia and solid waste production, under various temperatures and feeding conditions, both in terms of quantity and macronutrient composition. The feeding schedule’s effects, such as the diurnal variation in waste production in response to feeding frequency, are also captured. The model quantifies the effects of the dietary protein‐to‐energy ratio on food intake and assimilation; energy‐rich diets or those with excessive or poor amounts of protein show reduced intake. The model has been parametrised and validated for rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) to demonstrate its capabilities. Testing the model with diverse datasets has shown that it predicts weight gain well, and to a lesser extent, oxygen consumption and total ammonia production. The proposed model could be a useful in silico tool for fish researchers, technicians and farm operators.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The study of flow and transformation of energy and nutrients via mathematical modelling provides an in silico tool approach for designing scientific experiments, improving precision in aquaculture production and reducing the need for experimental animals. The proposed nutritional bioenergetics model is based on the dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory, a mechanistic framework to study individual metabolism. The model is an extension of the typical DEB models in that it includes a digestion module where the protein and non‐protein food components contribute to assimilation via the concept of a synthesising unit (SU). The model allows predictions for measurable quantities of interest for aquaculture, including feeding rate, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide, ammonia and solid waste production, under various temperatures and feeding conditions, both in terms of quantity and macronutrient composition. The feeding schedule’s effects, such as the diurnal variation in waste production in response to feeding frequency, are also captured. The model quantifies the effects of the dietary protein‐to‐energy ratio on food intake and assimilation; energy‐rich diets or those with excessive or poor amounts of protein show reduced intake. The model has been parametrised and validated for rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) to demonstrate its capabilities. Testing the model with diverse datasets has shown that it predicts weight gain well, and to a lesser extent, oxygen consumption and total ammonia production. The proposed model could be a useful in silico tool for fish researchers, technicians and farm operators.
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) to demonstrate its capabilities. Testing the model with diverse datasets has shown that it predicts weight gain well, and to a lesser extent, oxygen consumption and total ammonia production. The proposed model could be a useful in silico tool for fish researchers, technicians and farm operators.
2024
Falconer, Lynne; Sparboe, Lars Olav; Dale, Trine; Hjøllo, Solfrid Sætre; Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Bergh, Øivind; James, Philip; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Puvanendran, Velmurugu; Siikavuopio, Sten Ivar; Hansen, Øyvind Johannes; Ytteborg, Elisabeth
Diversification of marine aquaculture in Norway under climate change Journal Article
In: Aquaculture, vol. 593, pp. 741350, 2024, ISSN: 00448486.
@article{falconer_diversification_2024,
title = {Diversification of marine aquaculture in Norway under climate change},
author = {Lynne Falconer and Lars Olav Sparboe and Trine Dale and Solfrid Sætre Hjøllo and Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Øivind Bergh and Philip James and Nikos Papandroulakis and Velmurugu Puvanendran and Sten Ivar Siikavuopio and Øyvind Johannes Hansen and Elisabeth Ytteborg},
url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044848624008111
https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/2024-Falconer-AQUA-37.pdf},
doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.741350},
issn = {00448486},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-07-31},
urldate = {2024-07-31},
journal = {Aquaculture},
volume = {593},
pages = {741350},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2023
Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Lika, Konstadia
A bioenergetics approach to modelling tolerance limits under acute thermal stress in farmed finfish Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Marine Science, vol. 10, pp. 1173358, 2023, ISSN: 2296-7745.
@article{stavrakidis-zachou_bioenergetics_2023,
title = {A bioenergetics approach to modelling tolerance limits under acute thermal stress in farmed finfish},
author = {Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Nikos Papandroulakis and Konstadia Lika},
url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-Stavrakidis-Zachou-Frontiers-MarSci-27.pdf
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1173358/full},
doi = {10.3389/fmars.2023.1173358},
issn = {2296-7745},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-02},
urldate = {2023-06-09},
journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science},
volume = {10},
pages = {1173358},
abstract = {Pinpointing thermal tolerance thresholds for commercially important species, such as aquaculture finfish, under acute and chronic thermal stress is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of climate change. While experimental research, traditionally quantified by the determination of the Critical Thermal Maximum (CTmax), offers valuable insights, it is necessary to further develop appropriate tools to provide predictions and shed light on the underlying mechanisms of thermal tolerance. Bioenergetic models have long been used to study the effects of temperature on fish metabolism under chronic, but rarely under acute, scales. In this study, we present a modelling approach based on the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory that describes the tolerance limits of fish under acute thermal stress in bioenergetics terms. It adopts the notion of an energy-dependent tolerance to stress and defines acute tolerance limits at the intersection of fundamental energy fluxes, namely those relating to the mobilization of energy and to maintenance costs. To showcase this approach, DEB models for two finfish, the European sea bass (
Dicentrarchus labrax
) and the meagre (
Argyrosomus regius
) were used to run acute thermal challenge simulations and study shifts in the critical temperature achieved by the fish. The results suggest that the model can adequately capture the general tolerance patterns observed experimentally for the two species as well as pinpoint the parameters that may influence them. In particular, the simulations showed a positive relation between acclimation temperature and tolerance while the opposite stands for the body size of the fish, with smaller fish achieving higher critical temperatures than their larger counterparts. Also, tolerance limits were affected by the state of internal reserves, with well-fed fish exhibiting higher values. Finally, the potential application of this modelling approach on higher taxonomic scales was evaluated, by running simulations on species belonging to major fish orders. The preliminary results suggest that the method can capture differences among groups that are consistent with literature, suggesting it may be a realistic mechanistic approach for studying thermal tolerance in ectotherms.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pinpointing thermal tolerance thresholds for commercially important species, such as aquaculture finfish, under acute and chronic thermal stress is becoming increasingly relevant in the context of climate change. While experimental research, traditionally quantified by the determination of the Critical Thermal Maximum (CTmax), offers valuable insights, it is necessary to further develop appropriate tools to provide predictions and shed light on the underlying mechanisms of thermal tolerance. Bioenergetic models have long been used to study the effects of temperature on fish metabolism under chronic, but rarely under acute, scales. In this study, we present a modelling approach based on the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory that describes the tolerance limits of fish under acute thermal stress in bioenergetics terms. It adopts the notion of an energy-dependent tolerance to stress and defines acute tolerance limits at the intersection of fundamental energy fluxes, namely those relating to the mobilization of energy and to maintenance costs. To showcase this approach, DEB models for two finfish, the European sea bass (
Dicentrarchus labrax
) and the meagre (
Argyrosomus regius
) were used to run acute thermal challenge simulations and study shifts in the critical temperature achieved by the fish. The results suggest that the model can adequately capture the general tolerance patterns observed experimentally for the two species as well as pinpoint the parameters that may influence them. In particular, the simulations showed a positive relation between acclimation temperature and tolerance while the opposite stands for the body size of the fish, with smaller fish achieving higher critical temperatures than their larger counterparts. Also, tolerance limits were affected by the state of internal reserves, with well-fed fish exhibiting higher values. Finally, the potential application of this modelling approach on higher taxonomic scales was evaluated, by running simulations on species belonging to major fish orders. The preliminary results suggest that the method can capture differences among groups that are consistent with literature, suggesting it may be a realistic mechanistic approach for studying thermal tolerance in ectotherms.
Dicentrarchus labrax
) and the meagre (
Argyrosomus regius
) were used to run acute thermal challenge simulations and study shifts in the critical temperature achieved by the fish. The results suggest that the model can adequately capture the general tolerance patterns observed experimentally for the two species as well as pinpoint the parameters that may influence them. In particular, the simulations showed a positive relation between acclimation temperature and tolerance while the opposite stands for the body size of the fish, with smaller fish achieving higher critical temperatures than their larger counterparts. Also, tolerance limits were affected by the state of internal reserves, with well-fed fish exhibiting higher values. Finally, the potential application of this modelling approach on higher taxonomic scales was evaluated, by running simulations on species belonging to major fish orders. The preliminary results suggest that the method can capture differences among groups that are consistent with literature, suggesting it may be a realistic mechanistic approach for studying thermal tolerance in ectotherms.
Chatziantoniou, Andromachi; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Spondylidis, Spyros; Taskaris, Simeon; Topouzelis, Konstantinos
Aquasafe: A Remote Sensing, Web-Based Platform for the Support of Precision Fish Farming Journal Article
In: Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 6122, 2023, ISSN: 2076-3417.
@article{chatziantoniou_aquasafe_2023,
title = {Aquasafe: A Remote Sensing, Web-Based Platform for the Support of Precision Fish Farming},
author = {Andromachi Chatziantoniou and Nikos Papandroulakis and Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Spyros Spondylidis and Simeon Taskaris and Konstantinos Topouzelis},
url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-Chatziantoniou-AppSci-26.pdf
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/10/6122},
doi = {10.3390/app13106122},
issn = {2076-3417},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-31},
urldate = {2023-06-08},
journal = {Applied Sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {10},
pages = {6122},
abstract = {Marine aquaculture has been expanding rapidly in recent years, driven by the growing demand for marine products. However, this expansion has led to increased competition for space and resources with other coastal zone activities, which has resulted in the need for larger facilities and the relocation of operations to offshore areas. Moreover, the complex environment and exposure to environmental conditions and external threats further complicate the sustainable development of the sector. To address these challenges, new and innovative technologies are needed, such as the incorporation of remote sensing and in-situ data for comprehensive and continuous monitoring of aquaculture facilities. This study aims to create an integrated monitoring and decision support system utilizing both satellite and in-situ data to monitor aquaculture facilities on various scales, providing information on water quality, fish growth, and warning signs to alert managers and producers of potential hazards. This study focuses on identifying and estimating parameters that affect aquaculture processes, establishing indicators that can act as warning signs, and evaluating the system’s performance in real-life scenarios. The resulting monitoring tool, called “Aquasafe”, was evaluated for its effectiveness and performance by test users through real-life scenarios. The results of the implemented models showed high accuracy, with an R2 value of 0.67. Additionally, users were generally satisfied with the usefulness of the tool, suggesting that it holds promise for efficient management and decision making in marine aquaculture.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Marine aquaculture has been expanding rapidly in recent years, driven by the growing demand for marine products. However, this expansion has led to increased competition for space and resources with other coastal zone activities, which has resulted in the need for larger facilities and the relocation of operations to offshore areas. Moreover, the complex environment and exposure to environmental conditions and external threats further complicate the sustainable development of the sector. To address these challenges, new and innovative technologies are needed, such as the incorporation of remote sensing and in-situ data for comprehensive and continuous monitoring of aquaculture facilities. This study aims to create an integrated monitoring and decision support system utilizing both satellite and in-situ data to monitor aquaculture facilities on various scales, providing information on water quality, fish growth, and warning signs to alert managers and producers of potential hazards. This study focuses on identifying and estimating parameters that affect aquaculture processes, establishing indicators that can act as warning signs, and evaluating the system’s performance in real-life scenarios. The resulting monitoring tool, called “Aquasafe”, was evaluated for its effectiveness and performance by test users through real-life scenarios. The results of the implemented models showed high accuracy, with an R2 value of 0.67. Additionally, users were generally satisfied with the usefulness of the tool, suggesting that it holds promise for efficient management and decision making in marine aquaculture.
Sánchez-Cueto, Pablo; Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Clos-Garcia, Marc; Bosch, Montse; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Lladó, Salvador
Mediterranean Sea heatwaves jeopardize greater amberjack’s (Seriola dumerili) aquaculture productivity through impacts on the fish microbiota Journal Article
In: ISME Communications, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 36, 2023, ISSN: 2730-6151.
@article{sanchez-cueto_mediterranean_2023,
title = {Mediterranean Sea heatwaves jeopardize greater amberjack’s (Seriola dumerili) aquaculture productivity through impacts on the fish microbiota},
author = {Pablo Sánchez-Cueto and Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Marc Clos-Garcia and Montse Bosch and Nikos Papandroulakis and Salvador Lladó},
url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-Sanchez-Cueto-ISME-23.pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/s43705-023-00243-7},
doi = {10.1038/s43705-023-00243-7},
issn = {2730-6151},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-26},
urldate = {2023-06-02},
journal = {ISME Communications},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {36},
abstract = {Abstract
Climate change is dramatically increasing the frequency and severity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Mediterranean basin, strongly affecting marine food production systems. However, how it will shape the ecology of aquaculture systems, and the cascading effects on productivity, is still a major knowledge gap. The present work aims to increase our understanding of future impacts, caused by raising water temperatures, on the interaction between water and fish microbiotas, and consequential effects upon fish growth. Thus, the bacterial communities present in the water tanks, and mucosal tissues (skin, gills and gut), of greater amberjack farmed in recirculatory aquaculture systems (RAS), at three different temperatures (24, 29 and 33 °C), were characterized in a longitudinal study. The greater amberjack (
Seriola dumerili
) is a teleost species with high potential for EU aquaculture diversification due to its fast growth, excellent flesh quality and global market. We show that higher water temperatures disrupt the greater amberjack’s microbiota. Our results demonstrate the causal mediation exerted by this bacterial community shifts on the reduction of fish growth. The abundance of members of the
Pseudoalteromonas
is positively correlated with fish performance, whereas members of the
Psychrobacter, Chryseomicrobium, Paracoccus
and
Enterovibrio
are suggested as biomarkers for dysbiosis, at higher water temperatures. Hence, opening new evidence-based avenues for the development of targeted microbiota-based biotechnological tools, designed to increase the resilience and adaptation to climate change of the Mediterranean aquaculture industry.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Abstract
Climate change is dramatically increasing the frequency and severity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Mediterranean basin, strongly affecting marine food production systems. However, how it will shape the ecology of aquaculture systems, and the cascading effects on productivity, is still a major knowledge gap. The present work aims to increase our understanding of future impacts, caused by raising water temperatures, on the interaction between water and fish microbiotas, and consequential effects upon fish growth. Thus, the bacterial communities present in the water tanks, and mucosal tissues (skin, gills and gut), of greater amberjack farmed in recirculatory aquaculture systems (RAS), at three different temperatures (24, 29 and 33 °C), were characterized in a longitudinal study. The greater amberjack (
Seriola dumerili
) is a teleost species with high potential for EU aquaculture diversification due to its fast growth, excellent flesh quality and global market. We show that higher water temperatures disrupt the greater amberjack’s microbiota. Our results demonstrate the causal mediation exerted by this bacterial community shifts on the reduction of fish growth. The abundance of members of the
Pseudoalteromonas
is positively correlated with fish performance, whereas members of the
Psychrobacter, Chryseomicrobium, Paracoccus
and
Enterovibrio
are suggested as biomarkers for dysbiosis, at higher water temperatures. Hence, opening new evidence-based avenues for the development of targeted microbiota-based biotechnological tools, designed to increase the resilience and adaptation to climate change of the Mediterranean aquaculture industry.
Climate change is dramatically increasing the frequency and severity of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Mediterranean basin, strongly affecting marine food production systems. However, how it will shape the ecology of aquaculture systems, and the cascading effects on productivity, is still a major knowledge gap. The present work aims to increase our understanding of future impacts, caused by raising water temperatures, on the interaction between water and fish microbiotas, and consequential effects upon fish growth. Thus, the bacterial communities present in the water tanks, and mucosal tissues (skin, gills and gut), of greater amberjack farmed in recirculatory aquaculture systems (RAS), at three different temperatures (24, 29 and 33 °C), were characterized in a longitudinal study. The greater amberjack (
Seriola dumerili
) is a teleost species with high potential for EU aquaculture diversification due to its fast growth, excellent flesh quality and global market. We show that higher water temperatures disrupt the greater amberjack’s microbiota. Our results demonstrate the causal mediation exerted by this bacterial community shifts on the reduction of fish growth. The abundance of members of the
Pseudoalteromonas
is positively correlated with fish performance, whereas members of the
Psychrobacter, Chryseomicrobium, Paracoccus
and
Enterovibrio
are suggested as biomarkers for dysbiosis, at higher water temperatures. Hence, opening new evidence-based avenues for the development of targeted microbiota-based biotechnological tools, designed to increase the resilience and adaptation to climate change of the Mediterranean aquaculture industry.
2022
Chatziantoniou, Andromachi; Spondylidis, Spyros Charalampis; Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Topouzelis, Konstantinos
Dissolved oxygen estimation in aquaculture sites using remote sensing and machine learning Journal Article
In: Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, vol. 28, pp. 100865, 2022, ISSN: 23529385.
@article{chatziantoniou_dissolved_2022,
title = {Dissolved oxygen estimation in aquaculture sites using remote sensing and machine learning},
author = {Andromachi Chatziantoniou and Spyros Charalampis Spondylidis and Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Nikos Papandroulakis and Konstantinos Topouzelis},
url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-Chatziantoniou-RSA-76.pdf
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2352938522001732},
doi = {10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100865},
issn = {23529385},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-18},
urldate = {2022-11-18},
journal = {Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment},
volume = {28},
pages = {100865},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Lika, Konstadia; Pavlidis, Michail; Asaad, Mohamed H.; Papandroulakis, Nikos
2022, (Type: dataset).
@misc{stavrakidis-zachou_dataset__2022,
title = {Dataset_ metabolic scope performance and tolerance of juvenile European sea bass \textit{Dicentrarchus labrax} upon acclimation to high temperatures},
author = {Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Konstadia Lika and Michail Pavlidis and Mohamed H. Asaad and Nikos Papandroulakis},
url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-Stavrakidis-Zachou-PLOS-ONE-64.pdf
https://zenodo.org/record/6901703},
doi = {10.5281/ZENODO.6901703},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
urldate = {2022-09-26},
publisher = {Zenodo},
abstract = {This dataset contains the data associated with the article 'Metabolic scope, performance and tolerance of juvenile European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax upon acclimation to high temperatures' by Stavrakidis-Zachou et al. accepted for publication on Plos one in July 2022.},
note = {Type: dataset},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
This dataset contains the data associated with the article 'Metabolic scope, performance and tolerance of juvenile European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax upon acclimation to high temperatures' by Stavrakidis-Zachou et al. accepted for publication on Plos one in July 2022.
2021
Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Lika, Konstadia; Michail, Pavlidis; Tsalafouta, Aleka; Mohamed, Asaad H; Nikos, Papandroulakis
Thermal tolerance, metabolic scope and performance of meagre, Argyrosomus regius, reared under high water temperatures Journal Article
In: vol. 100, pp. 103063, 2021, ISSN: 03064565.
@article{stavrakidis-zachou_thermal_2021,
title = {Thermal tolerance, metabolic scope and performance of meagre, Argyrosomus regius, reared under high water temperatures},
author = {Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Konstadia Lika and Pavlidis Michail and Aleka Tsalafouta and Asaad H Mohamed and Papandroulakis Nikos},
url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021-Stavrakidis-JoTB-65-pre-print.pdf
https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030645652100231X},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103063},
issn = {03064565},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
urldate = {2021-09-16},
volume = {100},
pages = {103063},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cascarano, Maria Chiara; Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Mladineo, Ivona; Thompson, Kim D; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Katharios, Pantelis
Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species Journal Article
In: vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1205, 2021.
@article{cascarano_mediterranean_2021,
title = {Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species},
author = {Maria Chiara Cascarano and Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Ivona Mladineo and Kim D Thompson and Nikos Papandroulakis and Pantelis Katharios},
url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2021-Cascarano-pathogens-71.pdf
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/9/1205},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens10091205},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-01},
urldate = {2021-09-22},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {1205},
abstract = {Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.
Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Lika, Konstadia; Anastasiadis, Panagiotis; Papandroulakis, Nikos
Projecting climate change impacts on Mediterranean finfish production: a case study in Greece Journal Article
In: Climatic Change, vol. 165, no. 3, pp. 67, 2021, ISSN: 1573-1480.
@article{stavrakidis-zachou_projecting_2021,
title = {Projecting climate change impacts on Mediterranean finfish production: a case study in Greece},
author = {Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Konstadia Lika and Panagiotis Anastasiadis and Nikos Papandroulakis},
url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-Stavrakidis-Zachou-Climate-Chnage-38.pdf
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03096-y},
doi = {10.1007/s10584-021-03096-y},
issn = {1573-1480},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2021-06-24},
journal = {Climatic Change},
volume = {165},
number = {3},
pages = {67},
abstract = {Finfish aquaculture in the Mediterranean Sea faces increasing challenges due to climate change, while potential adaptation requires a robust assessment of the arising threats and opportunities. This paper presents an approach developed to investigate effects of climate drivers on Greek aquaculture, a representative Mediterranean country with a leading role in the sector. Using a farm level approach, dynamic energy budget models for European seabass and meagre were developed, and environmental forcing was used to simulate changes in production and farm profitability under IPCC scenarios RCP45 and RCP85. The effects of temperature and extreme weather events at the individual and farm levels were considered along with that of husbandry parameters such as stocking timing, market size, and farm location (inshore, offshore) for nine regions. The simulations suggest that at the individual level, fish may benefit from warmer temperatures in the future in terms of growth, thus reaching commercial sizes faster, while the husbandry parameters may have as large an effect on growth as the projected shifts in climatic cues. However, this benefit will be largely offset by the adverse effects of extreme weather events at the population level. Such events will be more frequent in the future and, depending on the intensity one assigns to them, they could cause losses in biomass and farm profits that range from mild to detrimental for the industry. Overall, these results provide quantification of some of the potential threats for an important aquaculture sector while suggesting possibilities to benefit from emerging opportunities. Therefore, they could contribute to improving the sector’s readiness for tackling important challenges in the future.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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Finfish aquaculture in the Mediterranean Sea faces increasing challenges due to climate change, while potential adaptation requires a robust assessment of the arising threats and opportunities. This paper presents an approach developed to investigate effects of climate drivers on Greek aquaculture, a representative Mediterranean country with a leading role in the sector. Using a farm level approach, dynamic energy budget models for European seabass and meagre were developed, and environmental forcing was used to simulate changes in production and farm profitability under IPCC scenarios RCP45 and RCP85. The effects of temperature and extreme weather events at the individual and farm levels were considered along with that of husbandry parameters such as stocking timing, market size, and farm location (inshore, offshore) for nine regions. The simulations suggest that at the individual level, fish may benefit from warmer temperatures in the future in terms of growth, thus reaching commercial sizes faster, while the husbandry parameters may have as large an effect on growth as the projected shifts in climatic cues. However, this benefit will be largely offset by the adverse effects of extreme weather events at the population level. Such events will be more frequent in the future and, depending on the intensity one assigns to them, they could cause losses in biomass and farm profits that range from mild to detrimental for the industry. Overall, these results provide quantification of some of the potential threats for an important aquaculture sector while suggesting possibilities to benefit from emerging opportunities. Therefore, they could contribute to improving the sector’s readiness for tackling important challenges in the future.
Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Sturm, Astrid; Lika, Konstadia; Wätzold, Frank; Papandroulakis, Nikos
ClimeGreAq: A software-based DSS for the climate change adaptation of Greek aquaculture Journal Article
In: Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 143, pp. 105121, 2021, ISSN: 13648152.
@article{stavrakidis-zachou_climegreaq_2021,
title = {ClimeGreAq: A software-based DSS for the climate change adaptation of Greek aquaculture},
author = {Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Astrid Sturm and Konstadia Lika and Frank Wätzold and Nikos Papandroulakis},
url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/2021-Stavrakidis-EnvModSoft-56.pdf
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Georgopoulou, Dimitra G; Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Mitrizakis, Nikos; Papandroulakis, Nikos
Tracking and Analysis of the Movement Behavior of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Aquaculture Systems Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Animal Science, vol. 2, pp. 79, 2021, ISSN: 2673-6225.
@article{georgopoulou_tracking_2021,
title = {Tracking and Analysis of the Movement Behavior of European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Aquaculture Systems},
author = {Dimitra G Georgopoulou and Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Nikos Mitrizakis and Nikos Papandroulakis},
url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2021-Georgopoulou-FrontAS-83.pdf
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fanim.2021.754520},
doi = {10.3389/fanim.2021.754520},
issn = {2673-6225},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
urldate = {2022-01-12},
journal = {Frontiers in Animal Science},
volume = {2},
pages = {79},
abstract = {Monitoring and understanding fish behavior is crucial for achieving precision in everyday husbandry practices (i.e. for optimizing farm performance), and for improving fish welfare in aquaculture. Various intelligent monitoring and control methods, using mathematical models, acoustic methods and computer vision, have been recently developed for this reason. Here, a tracking algorithm based on computer vision that extracts short trajectories of individual European seabass in both recirculating aquaculture systems and sea cages was developed using videos from network cameras. Using this methodology, parameters such as instantaneous normalized speed, travel direction and preference for the tank surface by European seabass could be quantified. When testing the sensitivity of this algorithm for detecting fish swimming variations under different husbandry scenarios, we found that the algorithm could detect variations in all of the abovementioned parameters and could potentially be a useful tool for monitoring the behavioral state of European seabass.},
keywords = {},
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Monitoring and understanding fish behavior is crucial for achieving precision in everyday husbandry practices (i.e. for optimizing farm performance), and for improving fish welfare in aquaculture. Various intelligent monitoring and control methods, using mathematical models, acoustic methods and computer vision, have been recently developed for this reason. Here, a tracking algorithm based on computer vision that extracts short trajectories of individual European seabass in both recirculating aquaculture systems and sea cages was developed using videos from network cameras. Using this methodology, parameters such as instantaneous normalized speed, travel direction and preference for the tank surface by European seabass could be quantified. When testing the sensitivity of this algorithm for detecting fish swimming variations under different husbandry scenarios, we found that the algorithm could detect variations in all of the abovementioned parameters and could potentially be a useful tool for monitoring the behavioral state of European seabass.
2019
Stavrakidis-Zachou, Orestis; Ernst, Anneliese; Steinbach, Christian; Wagner, Kai; Waller, Uwe
Development of denitrification in semi-automated moving bed biofilm reactors operated in a marine recirculating aquaculture system Journal Article
In: Aquaculture International, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1485–1501, 2019, ISSN: 0967-6120, 1573-143X, (AQUA).
@article{stavrakidis-zachou_development_2019,
title = {Development of denitrification in semi-automated moving bed biofilm reactors operated in a marine recirculating aquaculture system},
author = {Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou and Anneliese Ernst and Christian Steinbach and Kai Wagner and Uwe Waller},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10499-019-00402-5},
doi = {10.1007/s10499-019-00402-5},
issn = {0967-6120, 1573-143X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-10-01},
urldate = {2022-01-17},
journal = {Aquaculture International},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {1485--1501},
note = {AQUA},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
2018
Stavrakidis-Zachou, O; Papandroulakis, N; Lika, K
A DEB model for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Parameterisation and application in aquaculture Journal Article
In: Journal of Sea Research, 2018, ISSN: 13851101, (Publisher: Elsevier B.V.).
@article{stavrakidis-zachou_deb_2018,
title = {A DEB model for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax): Parameterisation and application in aquaculture},
author = {O Stavrakidis-Zachou and N Papandroulakis and K Lika},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048271464&doi=10.1016%2fj.seares.2018.05.008&partnerID=40&md5=035d420f79ff92d901d84ce9e157326c},
doi = {10.1016/j.seares.2018.05.008},
issn = {13851101},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sea Research},
abstract = {The framework provided by the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory allows the quantification of metabolic processes and the associated biological rates that are of interest for aquaculture, such as growth and feeding. The DEB parameters were estimated for farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a species of major importance for the Mediterranean aquaculture, using zero- and uni-variate literature data and achieving an overall good fit. The obtained parameter set was used to validate the model on sites representatively covering the geographic distribution of the aquaculture activity in Greece via comparison of model predictions to observations. Inter-individual variability of farmed fish was introduced through: 1) an individual initial weight and 2) a factor that acts as an individual-specific multiplier for some of the model parameters and produces scatter in maximum size, and age and size at puberty. Growth of E. sea bass was adequately predicted by the model while feeding tended to be underestimated, particularly during the period following the summer months when warmer temperatures promote high growth rates. The results suggest robustness of the model since it is able to simulate growth and food intake in several independent aquaculture production units, using a common parameter set. The accuracy of growth predictions supports the applicability of the model in variable environmental conditions in the context of climate change. Reconstruction of the feeding history from growth data revealed variations in the scaled functional response (f), i.e., the feeding rate as fraction of maximum possible one of an individual of a given size, throughout the production cycle. However, model simulations with constant f result in reasonably good predictions for growth and feeding in variable environmental conditions. Tendency of the model to underestimate the feeding process revealed both model weaknesses associated with higher temperatures as well as irregularities in the feeding protocols applied at the farm level. Our work demonstrates the capacity and potential of DEB theory for further development of tools that contribute to the assessment and improvement of feeding practices in aquaculture. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.},
note = {Publisher: Elsevier B.V.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}
The framework provided by the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory allows the quantification of metabolic processes and the associated biological rates that are of interest for aquaculture, such as growth and feeding. The DEB parameters were estimated for farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a species of major importance for the Mediterranean aquaculture, using zero- and uni-variate literature data and achieving an overall good fit. The obtained parameter set was used to validate the model on sites representatively covering the geographic distribution of the aquaculture activity in Greece via comparison of model predictions to observations. Inter-individual variability of farmed fish was introduced through: 1) an individual initial weight and 2) a factor that acts as an individual-specific multiplier for some of the model parameters and produces scatter in maximum size, and age and size at puberty. Growth of E. sea bass was adequately predicted by the model while feeding tended to be underestimated, particularly during the period following the summer months when warmer temperatures promote high growth rates. The results suggest robustness of the model since it is able to simulate growth and food intake in several independent aquaculture production units, using a common parameter set. The accuracy of growth predictions supports the applicability of the model in variable environmental conditions in the context of climate change. Reconstruction of the feeding history from growth data revealed variations in the scaled functional response (f), i.e., the feeding rate as fraction of maximum possible one of an individual of a given size, throughout the production cycle. However, model simulations with constant f result in reasonably good predictions for growth and feeding in variable environmental conditions. Tendency of the model to underestimate the feeding process revealed both model weaknesses associated with higher temperatures as well as irregularities in the feeding protocols applied at the farm level. Our work demonstrates the capacity and potential of DEB theory for further development of tools that contribute to the assessment and improvement of feeding practices in aquaculture. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Stavrakidis-Zachou, O; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Sturm, Astrid; Anastasiadis, Panagiotis; Wätzold, Frank; Lika, Konstadia
Towards a computer-based decision support system for aquaculture stakeholders in Greece in the context of climate change Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics, vol. 4, no. 3/4, pp. 219, 2018, ISSN: 2054-5819, 2054-5827.
@article{stavrakidis-zachou_towards_2018,
title = {Towards a computer-based decision support system for aquaculture stakeholders in Greece in the context of climate change},
author = {O Stavrakidis-Zachou and Nikos Papandroulakis and Astrid Sturm and Panagiotis Anastasiadis and Frank Wätzold and Konstadia Lika},
url = {http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=99235},
doi = {10.1504/IJSAMI.2018.099235},
issn = {2054-5819, 2054-5827},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-01-01},
urldate = {2020-08-26},
journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Management and Informatics},
volume = {4},
number = {3/4},
pages = {219},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
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}