2023 |
Vasilaki, A; Mente, E; Fountoulaki, E; Henry, M; Nikoloudaki, C; Berillis, P; Kousoulaki, K; Nengas, I Fishmeal, plant protein, and fish oil substitution with single-cell ingredients in organic feeds for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Journal Article Frontiers in Physiology, 14 , pp. 1199497, 2023, ISSN: 1664-042X. @article{vasilaki_fishmeal_2023, title = {Fishmeal, plant protein, and fish oil substitution with single-cell ingredients in organic feeds for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)}, author = {A Vasilaki and E Mente and E Fountoulaki and M Henry and C Nikoloudaki and P Berillis and K Kousoulaki and I Nengas}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023-Vasilaki-Frontiers-Physio-28.pdf https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2023.1199497/full}, doi = {10.3389/fphys.2023.1199497}, issn = {1664-042X}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-06-06}, urldate = {2023-06-12}, journal = {Frontiers in Physiology}, volume = {14}, pages = {1199497}, abstract = {Single-cell ingredients (SCI) are considered promising nutrient sources which are produced using environmentally friendly biotechnological processes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the replacement of fishmeal, plant protein sources, and fish oil with SCI in organic feeds for European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). Bacterial protein, yeast protein, and microalgae were used to replace fishmeal trimmings, soya bean meal, and fish oil from trimmings. Triplicate groups (30 fish per replicate) of European sea bass (14.4 ± 2.4 g) were fed the experimental diets for 71 days. The results showed that the incorporation of SCI at all levels of inclusion significantly enhanced nutrient digestibility. Additionally, growth performance parameters were not affected by SCI inclusion, exhibiting similar or improved values. Moreover, a tendency for improved anterior and posterior gut structure was observed and a significant increase of lysozyme activity at the two highest inclusion levels of SCI was determined. Overall, the results showed that the inclusion of SCI at 15% (bacterial: yeast: algae—9.4: 4.7: 1) is possible without compromising any of the parameters evaluated. According to these findings, a higher substitution of fishmeal trimmings, plant protein sources, and fish oil from trimmings with SCI in organic diets for European sea bass ( D. labrax ) can be further evaluated in future studies.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Single-cell ingredients (SCI) are considered promising nutrient sources which are produced using environmentally friendly biotechnological processes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the replacement of fishmeal, plant protein sources, and fish oil with SCI in organic feeds for European sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). Bacterial protein, yeast protein, and microalgae were used to replace fishmeal trimmings, soya bean meal, and fish oil from trimmings. Triplicate groups (30 fish per replicate) of European sea bass (14.4 ± 2.4 g) were fed the experimental diets for 71 days. The results showed that the incorporation of SCI at all levels of inclusion significantly enhanced nutrient digestibility. Additionally, growth performance parameters were not affected by SCI inclusion, exhibiting similar or improved values. Moreover, a tendency for improved anterior and posterior gut structure was observed and a significant increase of lysozyme activity at the two highest inclusion levels of SCI was determined. Overall, the results showed that the inclusion of SCI at 15% (bacterial: yeast: algae—9.4: 4.7: 1) is possible without compromising any of the parameters evaluated. According to these findings, a higher substitution of fishmeal trimmings, plant protein sources, and fish oil from trimmings with SCI in organic diets for European sea bass ( D. labrax ) can be further evaluated in future studies. |
2022 |
Fountoulaki, E; Vasilaki, A; Nikolopoulou, D; Schrama, J; Kaushik, S J; Prabhu, Antony Jesu P Faecal waste production, characteristics and recovery in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is affected by dietary ingredient composition Journal Article Aquaculture, 548 , pp. 737582, 2022, ISSN: 00448486. @article{fountoulaki_faecal_2022b, title = {Faecal waste production, characteristics and recovery in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is affected by dietary ingredient composition}, author = {E Fountoulaki and A Vasilaki and D Nikolopoulou and J Schrama and S J Kaushik and P Antony Jesu Prabhu}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2022-Fountoulaki-AQUA-preprint-1.pdf https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S004484862101245X}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737582}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-01}, urldate = {2022-03-11}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {548}, pages = {737582}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2021 |
Rigos, George; Kogiannou, Dimitra; Vasilaki, Antigoni; Kotsiri, Mado Evaluation of Praziquantel Efficacy against Zeuxapta seriolae Infections in Greater Amberjack, Seriola dumerili Journal Article Applied Sciences, 11 (10), pp. 4656, 2021, ISSN: 2076-3417. @article{rigos_evaluation_2021, title = {Evaluation of Praziquantel Efficacy against Zeuxapta seriolae Infections in Greater Amberjack, Seriola dumerili}, author = {George Rigos and Dimitra Kogiannou and Antigoni Vasilaki and Mado Kotsiri}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/2021-Rigos-ApllSciences-41l.pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4656}, doi = {10.3390/app11104656}, issn = {2076-3417}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-05-01}, urldate = {2021-06-24}, journal = {Applied Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {10}, pages = {4656}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dietary praziquantel (PZQ), a promising fish anthelminthic, against Zeuxapta seriolae, a lethal ectoparasite of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili Risso) farmed in the Mediterranean and elsewhere. The trial was carried out in small cages (3 m3) in situ, harbouring fish (125 ± 14 g) naturally infected with Z. seriolae, at 25 ± 1 °C water temperature. Praziquantel-medicated diet (150 mg PZQ/kg fish) was delivered for three days against a control group. Measurement of both adults and oncomiracidia of Z. seriolae in sampled gill arches revealed significant differences between the tested groups (PZQ: 19.3 ± 9.8 vs. Control: 3.8 ± 6.3). Considering an estimated efficacy of 80.4% in the medicated fish, the present study indicates that oral PZQ treatments can confront Z. seriolae infections considerably in farmed greater amberjack and, perhaps, replace the commonly used hydrogen peroxidase baths.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dietary praziquantel (PZQ), a promising fish anthelminthic, against Zeuxapta seriolae, a lethal ectoparasite of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili Risso) farmed in the Mediterranean and elsewhere. The trial was carried out in small cages (3 m3) in situ, harbouring fish (125 ± 14 g) naturally infected with Z. seriolae, at 25 ± 1 °C water temperature. Praziquantel-medicated diet (150 mg PZQ/kg fish) was delivered for three days against a control group. Measurement of both adults and oncomiracidia of Z. seriolae in sampled gill arches revealed significant differences between the tested groups (PZQ: 19.3 ± 9.8 vs. Control: 3.8 ± 6.3). Considering an estimated efficacy of 80.4% in the medicated fish, the present study indicates that oral PZQ treatments can confront Z. seriolae infections considerably in farmed greater amberjack and, perhaps, replace the commonly used hydrogen peroxidase baths. |
2020 |
Henry, Morgane A; Fountoulaki, Eleni; Vasilaki, Antigoni; Rigos, George; Kokou, Fotini; Karalazos, Vasileios Aquaculture, 528 , pp. 735479, 2020, ISSN: 0044-8486. @article{henry_dietary_2020, title = {Dietary micronutrient supplementation in low fishmeal based diets for optimum growth and immune status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles}, author = {Morgane A Henry and Eleni Fountoulaki and Antigoni Vasilaki and George Rigos and Fotini Kokou and Vasileios Karalazos}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044848620312412}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735479}, issn = {0044-8486}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {528}, pages = {735479}, abstract = {The present study aimed to evaluate the optimal dietary micronutrient supplementation of plant-based diets for juvenile European sea bass. A 90-day feeding trial was performed, where fish were fed a high fishmeal (FM) based diet (62% DM; positive control) or low FM diets (12.5% FM and krill meal), supplemented with increasing levels of a micronutrient mixture (Nutrient Package, NP) consisting of vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients. The supplementation levels ranged from 0% (no supplementation, negative control) to 400%, where 100% supplementation level corresponded to the requirement levels recommended for other fish species. Fish growth and feed performance (SGR, DGI, FCR, PER) were significantly impaired at levels NP0 and NP25 compared to the FM control. Body Fe and Zn concentrations were positively affected by the graded levels of the NP, while Mn and Se concentrations remained stable. Growth parameters were particularly correlated to body Fe and Zn, while immune parameters were mainly correlated to body Zn. Significant immunosuppression was evidenced (concerning the respiratory burst activity) when low FM diets were not supplemented with NP. High inclusion levels of the NP showed a negative impact on lysozyme activity. Histological examinations did not reveal any significant effects on gills, gut and liver morphology. At identical NP supplementation level (50%), fish fed low and high FM diets showed similar growth and innate immunity suggesting that long-term feeding with plant-based diets do not significantly affect the fish when adequate minerals and vitamins supplementation is provided. Quadratic regression analysis showed that the inclusion of the NP between 260 and 300% improves growth and immune parameters of fish fed low-FM diets as well as Zn body incorporation. Overall, the present study suggested the positive impact of NP supplementation of PM-based diets on both fish growth and health but future NP could include less Mn, more Fe, closer to levels obtained in fish fed FM (245 mg·kg−1), and Zn at 122 mg·kg−1.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The present study aimed to evaluate the optimal dietary micronutrient supplementation of plant-based diets for juvenile European sea bass. A 90-day feeding trial was performed, where fish were fed a high fishmeal (FM) based diet (62% DM; positive control) or low FM diets (12.5% FM and krill meal), supplemented with increasing levels of a micronutrient mixture (Nutrient Package, NP) consisting of vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients. The supplementation levels ranged from 0% (no supplementation, negative control) to 400%, where 100% supplementation level corresponded to the requirement levels recommended for other fish species. Fish growth and feed performance (SGR, DGI, FCR, PER) were significantly impaired at levels NP0 and NP25 compared to the FM control. Body Fe and Zn concentrations were positively affected by the graded levels of the NP, while Mn and Se concentrations remained stable. Growth parameters were particularly correlated to body Fe and Zn, while immune parameters were mainly correlated to body Zn. Significant immunosuppression was evidenced (concerning the respiratory burst activity) when low FM diets were not supplemented with NP. High inclusion levels of the NP showed a negative impact on lysozyme activity. Histological examinations did not reveal any significant effects on gills, gut and liver morphology. At identical NP supplementation level (50%), fish fed low and high FM diets showed similar growth and innate immunity suggesting that long-term feeding with plant-based diets do not significantly affect the fish when adequate minerals and vitamins supplementation is provided. Quadratic regression analysis showed that the inclusion of the NP between 260 and 300% improves growth and immune parameters of fish fed low-FM diets as well as Zn body incorporation. Overall, the present study suggested the positive impact of NP supplementation of PM-based diets on both fish growth and health but future NP could include less Mn, more Fe, closer to levels obtained in fish fed FM (245 mg·kg−1), and Zn at 122 mg·kg−1. |
2019 |
Kokou, Fotini; Henry, Morgane; Nikoloudaki, Chrisa; Kounna, Christiana; Vasilaki, Antigoni; Fountoulaki, Eleni Optimum protein-to-lipid ratio requirement of the juvenile shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) as estimated by nutritional and histological parameters Journal Article Aquaculture Nutrition, 25 (2), pp. 444–455, 2019, (_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/anu.12870). @article{kokou_optimum_2019, title = {Optimum protein-to-lipid ratio requirement of the juvenile shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) as estimated by nutritional and histological parameters}, author = {Fotini Kokou and Morgane Henry and Chrisa Nikoloudaki and Christiana Kounna and Antigoni Vasilaki and Eleni Fountoulaki}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/anu.12870}, doi = {10.1111/anu.12870}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Nutrition}, volume = {25}, number = {2}, pages = {444--455}, abstract = {Abstract The shi drum is an emerging Mediterranean aquaculture species that has gained increasing interest in recent years. However, the nutrient requirements of this species remain to be determined to optimize its culture. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary protein (470g/kg or 520g/kg) to lipid ratios (100g/kg, 150 or 200g/kg) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization and tissue morphology of the shi drum (7 g average initial weight). Dietary protein levels positively correlated with weight gain, showing high protein demands (textgreater470g/kg) for this species. Nonetheless, dietary lipid levels negatively affected growth rate, feed intake and efficiency, and protein utilization, suggesting that this macronutrient cannot be efficiently utilized in high concentrations (textgreater100g/kg). Histological evaluation revealed fat accumulation within the hepatocytes and the enterocytes with increasing dietary lipid levels, starting from 150g/kg lipid inclusion. Overall, our results confirm the high dietary protein requirements of the shi drum (textgreater470g/kg for fish of 7 g initial weight) and suggest that lipid levels should not exceed 100g/kg of inclusion in the diets as this species has a low tolerance to this macronutrient.}, note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/anu.12870}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract The shi drum is an emerging Mediterranean aquaculture species that has gained increasing interest in recent years. However, the nutrient requirements of this species remain to be determined to optimize its culture. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary protein (470g/kg or 520g/kg) to lipid ratios (100g/kg, 150 or 200g/kg) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization and tissue morphology of the shi drum (7 g average initial weight). Dietary protein levels positively correlated with weight gain, showing high protein demands (textgreater470g/kg) for this species. Nonetheless, dietary lipid levels negatively affected growth rate, feed intake and efficiency, and protein utilization, suggesting that this macronutrient cannot be efficiently utilized in high concentrations (textgreater100g/kg). Histological evaluation revealed fat accumulation within the hepatocytes and the enterocytes with increasing dietary lipid levels, starting from 150g/kg lipid inclusion. Overall, our results confirm the high dietary protein requirements of the shi drum (textgreater470g/kg for fish of 7 g initial weight) and suggest that lipid levels should not exceed 100g/kg of inclusion in the diets as this species has a low tolerance to this macronutrient. |
2016 |
Grigorakis, K; Alexi, N; Vasilaki, A; Giogios, I; Fountoulaki, E Chemical quality and sensory profile of the mediterranean farmed fish shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) as affected by its dietary protein/fat levels Journal Article Italian Journal of Animal Science, 15 (4), pp. 681–688, 2016, ISSN: 15944077, (Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd.). @article{grigorakis_chemical_2016, title = {Chemical quality and sensory profile of the mediterranean farmed fish shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) as affected by its dietary protein/fat levels}, author = {K Grigorakis and N Alexi and A Vasilaki and I Giogios and E Fountoulaki}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84996565541&doi=10.1080%2f1828051X.2016.1222890&partnerID=40&md5=991fee64ac8d2146e822844d0c584c62}, doi = {10.1080/1828051X.2016.1222890}, issn = {15944077}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Italian Journal of Animal Science}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, pages = {681--688}, abstract = {Two groups of identically-reared shi drum,having received different diets (Group A: 45% protein and 16% fat and Group B: 48% protein and 12% fat),were compared for their yields and their chemical and sensory quality. They exhibited similar dressing and filleting yields,fat deposit and fillet composition. Differences were observed in the fillet fatty acids,with group B exhibiting higher 16:1ω-7,16:1ω-9,16:0,18:0,and total saturate contents. Their fillet volatile compounds also differed (group A,in particular,contained higher levels of carbonyl-compounds). A triangle test revealed that the two shi drum groups were perceived as sensory different. A Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) test showed that group A (high dietary lipids) was perceived as having a significantly higher ‘fish oil’ aroma,hardness and elasticity,while group B was characterised mainly by higher ‘sweet taste’,higher ‘hay’ and ‘fresh seaweed’ aroma and ‘crab/prawn’ flavour. © 2016 The Author(s).}, note = {Publisher: Taylor and Francis Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Two groups of identically-reared shi drum,having received different diets (Group A: 45% protein and 16% fat and Group B: 48% protein and 12% fat),were compared for their yields and their chemical and sensory quality. They exhibited similar dressing and filleting yields,fat deposit and fillet composition. Differences were observed in the fillet fatty acids,with group B exhibiting higher 16:1ω-7,16:1ω-9,16:0,18:0,and total saturate contents. Their fillet volatile compounds also differed (group A,in particular,contained higher levels of carbonyl-compounds). A triangle test revealed that the two shi drum groups were perceived as sensory different. A Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) test showed that group A (high dietary lipids) was perceived as having a significantly higher ‘fish oil’ aroma,hardness and elasticity,while group B was characterised mainly by higher ‘sweet taste’,higher ‘hay’ and ‘fresh seaweed’ aroma and ‘crab/prawn’ flavour. © 2016 The Author(s). |
2011 |
Grigorakis, Kriton; Fountoulaki, Eleni; Vasilaki, Antigoni; Mittakos, Ioannis; Nathanailides, Cosmas Lipid quality and filleting yield of reared meagre (Argyrosomus regius): Lipid quality & filleting yield of reared meagre Journal Article International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 46 (4), pp. 711–716, 2011, ISSN: 09505423. @article{grigorakis_lipid_2011, title = {Lipid quality and filleting yield of reared meagre (Argyrosomus regius): Lipid quality & filleting yield of reared meagre}, author = {Kriton Grigorakis and Eleni Fountoulaki and Antigoni Vasilaki and Ioannis Mittakos and Cosmas Nathanailides}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02537.x}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02537.x}, issn = {09505423}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-04-01}, urldate = {2020-08-10}, journal = {International Journal of Food Science & Technology}, volume = {46}, number = {4}, pages = {711--716}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2010 |
Grigorakis, K; Giogios, I; Vasilaki, A; Nengas, I Effect of the fish oil, oxidation status and of heat treatment temperature on the volatile compounds of the produced fish feeds Journal Article Animal Feed Science and Technology, 158 (1-2), pp. 73–84, 2010, ISSN: 03778401. @article{grigorakis_effect_2010, title = {Effect of the fish oil, oxidation status and of heat treatment temperature on the volatile compounds of the produced fish feeds}, author = {K Grigorakis and I Giogios and A Vasilaki and I Nengas}, url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0377840110000970}, doi = {10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.012}, issn = {03778401}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-06-01}, urldate = {2020-08-10}, journal = {Animal Feed Science and Technology}, volume = {158}, number = {1-2}, pages = {73--84}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Fountoulaki, E; Henry, M; Rigos, G; Vasilaki, A; Mente, E; Sweetman, J; Nengas, I Evaluation of zinc supplementation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juvenile diets Journal Article Aquaculture Research, 41 , pp. e208 – e216, 2010. @article{fountoulaki_evaluation_2010, title = {Evaluation of zinc supplementation in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juvenile diets}, author = {E Fountoulaki and M Henry and G Rigos and A Vasilaki and E Mente and J Sweetman and I Nengas}, url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77955955157&partnerID=40&md5=998c56a51dbd36e139c6f19395287c12}, doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2109.2010.02503.x}, year = {2010}, date = {2010-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture Research}, volume = {41}, pages = {e208 -- e216}, abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the effect of increased zinc dietary levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, immune status and induced wound healing in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish weighing 10 g were fed five diets containing organic zinc at 30, 70, 110 and 150 mg kg -1 diet and one inorganic zinc source (zinc oxide) at 150 mg kg -1 diet for a period of 12 weeks. No significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the growth performance parameters (final weight, specific growth rate), immunological indices tested (respiratory burst activity in whole blood) and the wound-healing process. Zinc accumulation in the skin, vertebrae and liver increased significantly (P<0.01) with increased dietary zinc levels but not in muscle. The highest zinc concentrations were obtained in skin tissue, followed by vertebrae, liver and muscle tissue. Using the concentration of zinc in skin as a response criterion, broken-line analysis showed that the supplementation of 148 mg organic Zn kg -1 diet seemed to be the optimum dietary zinc supplementation level for sea bass juveniles. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aimed to investigate the effect of increased zinc dietary levels on the growth performance, feed utilization, immune status and induced wound healing in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish weighing 10 g were fed five diets containing organic zinc at 30, 70, 110 and 150 mg kg -1 diet and one inorganic zinc source (zinc oxide) at 150 mg kg -1 diet for a period of 12 weeks. No significant (P>0.05) differences were found in the growth performance parameters (final weight, specific growth rate), immunological indices tested (respiratory burst activity in whole blood) and the wound-healing process. Zinc accumulation in the skin, vertebrae and liver increased significantly (P<0.01) with increased dietary zinc levels but not in muscle. The highest zinc concentrations were obtained in skin tissue, followed by vertebrae, liver and muscle tissue. Using the concentration of zinc in skin as a response criterion, broken-line analysis showed that the supplementation of 148 mg organic Zn kg -1 diet seemed to be the optimum dietary zinc supplementation level for sea bass juveniles. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
2009 |
Fountoulaki, E; Vasilaki, A; Hurtado, R; Grigorakis, K; Karacostas, I; Nengas, I; Rigos, G; Kotzamanis, Y; Venou, B; Alexis, M N Aquaculture, 289 (3-4), pp. 317–326, 2009, ISSN: 00448486. @article{fountoulaki_fish_2009, title = {Fish oil substitution by vegetable oils in commercial diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.); effects on growth performance, flesh quality and fillet fatty acid profile. Recovery of fatty acid profiles by a fish oil finishing diet under fluctuating water temperatures}, author = {E Fountoulaki and A Vasilaki and R Hurtado and K Grigorakis and I Karacostas and I Nengas and G Rigos and Y Kotzamanis and B Venou and M N Alexis}, url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61649088364&doi=10.1016%2fj.aquaculture.2009.01.023&partnerID=40&md5=e3b4d18877877d60dcd12caa1fda3f45}, doi = {10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.01.023}, issn = {00448486}, year = {2009}, date = {2009-01-01}, journal = {Aquaculture}, volume = {289}, number = {3-4}, pages = {317--326}, abstract = {The effects of long term feeding (6 months) of commercial diets with low fish meal content and high levels of vegetable oils (69% fish oil substitution level) were determined in gilthead sea bream (110 g). A control diet containing South American fish oil (FO) was evaluated against feeds with either soybean oil (SO), palm oil (PO) or rapeseed oil (RO). Afterwards, all fish were fed a fish oil finishing diet to determine the progressive recovery of the fillet fatty acid profiles. The results showed that growth and feed utilization in gilthead sea bream are not affected by fish oil substitution with soybean and rapeseed oil, contrary to palm oil inclusion. Flesh and liver docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ArA) contents were reduced to a lower degree than their reduction in the diet, whereas eicosapentaenoic (EPA) reduction was more pronounced in both tissues. Sensory analysis revealed no difference in the organoleptic characteristics of the dietary groups. However, low acceptance scores were calculated for all treated groups. No histological alterations were seen in gut tissue but liver of the PO group showed intense lipid accumulation. Re-feeding with a fish oil finishing diet for 120 days was not adequate for restoration of DHA, ArA and EPA. Linoleic (LA) and oleic acid (OA) were retained even after 120 days re-feeding with the fish oil diet. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The effects of long term feeding (6 months) of commercial diets with low fish meal content and high levels of vegetable oils (69% fish oil substitution level) were determined in gilthead sea bream (110 g). A control diet containing South American fish oil (FO) was evaluated against feeds with either soybean oil (SO), palm oil (PO) or rapeseed oil (RO). Afterwards, all fish were fed a fish oil finishing diet to determine the progressive recovery of the fillet fatty acid profiles. The results showed that growth and feed utilization in gilthead sea bream are not affected by fish oil substitution with soybean and rapeseed oil, contrary to palm oil inclusion. Flesh and liver docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ArA) contents were reduced to a lower degree than their reduction in the diet, whereas eicosapentaenoic (EPA) reduction was more pronounced in both tissues. Sensory analysis revealed no difference in the organoleptic characteristics of the dietary groups. However, low acceptance scores were calculated for all treated groups. No histological alterations were seen in gut tissue but liver of the PO group showed intense lipid accumulation. Re-feeding with a fish oil finishing diet for 120 days was not adequate for restoration of DHA, ArA and EPA. Linoleic (LA) and oleic acid (OA) were retained even after 120 days re-feeding with the fish oil diet. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |