2021 |
Mladineo, Ivona; Hrabar, Jerko; Trumbić, Željka; Manousaki, Tereza; Tsakogiannis, Alexandros; Taggart, John B; Tsigenopoulos, Costas S Pathogens, 10 (2), pp. 100, 2021, ISSN: 2076-0817. @article{mladineo_community_2021, title = {Community Parameters and Genome-Wide RAD-Seq Loci of Ceratothoa oestroides Imply Its Transfer between Farmed European Sea Bass and Wild Farm-Aggregating Fish}, author = {Ivona Mladineo and Jerko Hrabar and Željka Trumbić and Tereza Manousaki and Alexandros Tsakogiannis and John B Taggart and Costas S Tsigenopoulos}, url = {https://imbbc.hcmr.gr/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2020-Mladineo-Pathogens-7.pdf https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/2/100}, doi = {10.3390/pathogens10020100}, issn = {2076-0817}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-01}, urldate = {2021-02-02}, journal = {Pathogens}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {100}, abstract = {Wild fish assemblages that aggregate within commercial marine aquaculture sites for feeding and shelter have been considered as a primary source of pathogenic parasites vectored to farmed fish maintained in net pens at an elevated density. In order to evaluate whether Ceratothoa oestroides (Isopoda, Cymothoidae), a generalist and pestilent isopod that is frequently found in Adriatic and Greek stocks of farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), transfers between wild and farmed fish, a RAD-Seq (restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing)-mediated genetic screening approach was employed. The double-digest RAD-Seq of 310 C. oestroides specimens collected from farmed European sea bass (138) and different wild farm-aggregating fish (172) identified 313 robust SNPs that evidenced a close genetic relatedness between the “wild” and “farmed” genotypes. ddRAD-Seq proved to be an effective method for detecting the discrete genetic structuring of C. oestroides and genotype intermixing between two populations. The parasite prevalence in the farmed sea bass was 1.02%, with a mean intensity of 2.0 and mean abundance of 0.02, while in the wild fish, the prevalence was 8.1%; the mean intensity, 1.81; and the mean abundance, 0.15. Such differences are likely a consequence of human interventions during the farmed fish’s rearing cycle that, nevertheless, did not affect the transfer of C. oestroides.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Wild fish assemblages that aggregate within commercial marine aquaculture sites for feeding and shelter have been considered as a primary source of pathogenic parasites vectored to farmed fish maintained in net pens at an elevated density. In order to evaluate whether Ceratothoa oestroides (Isopoda, Cymothoidae), a generalist and pestilent isopod that is frequently found in Adriatic and Greek stocks of farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), transfers between wild and farmed fish, a RAD-Seq (restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing)-mediated genetic screening approach was employed. The double-digest RAD-Seq of 310 C. oestroides specimens collected from farmed European sea bass (138) and different wild farm-aggregating fish (172) identified 313 robust SNPs that evidenced a close genetic relatedness between the “wild” and “farmed” genotypes. ddRAD-Seq proved to be an effective method for detecting the discrete genetic structuring of C. oestroides and genotype intermixing between two populations. The parasite prevalence in the farmed sea bass was 1.02%, with a mean intensity of 2.0 and mean abundance of 0.02, while in the wild fish, the prevalence was 8.1%; the mean intensity, 1.81; and the mean abundance, 0.15. Such differences are likely a consequence of human interventions during the farmed fish’s rearing cycle that, nevertheless, did not affect the transfer of C. oestroides. |
2020 |
Tsakogiannis, Alexandros; Manousaki, Tereza; Anagnostopoulou, Vasileia; Stavroulaki, Melanthia; Apostolaki, Eugenia T The Importance of Genomics for Deciphering the Invasion Success of the Seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Changing Mediterranean Sea Journal Article Diversity, 12 (7), 2020, ISSN: 1424-2818. @article{tsakogiannis_importance_2020, title = {The Importance of Genomics for Deciphering the Invasion Success of the Seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Changing Mediterranean Sea}, author = {Alexandros Tsakogiannis and Tereza Manousaki and Vasileia Anagnostopoulou and Melanthia Stavroulaki and Eugenia T Apostolaki}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/12/7/263}, doi = {10.3390/d12070263}, issn = {1424-2818}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, journal = {Diversity}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, abstract = {The Mediterranean Sea is subject to pressures from biological invasion due to coastal anthropic activities and global warming, which potentially modify its biogeography. The Red Sea tropical seagrass Halophila stipulacea entered the Eastern Mediterranean over a century ago, and its occurrence is expanding towards the northwest. Here, we highlight the importance of genomics for deciphering the evolutionary and ecological procedures taking place during the invasion process of H. stipulacea and review the relatively sparse genetic information available for the species to date. We report the first draft whole-genome sequencing of a H. stipulacea individual from Greece, based on Illumina Sequencing technology. A comparison of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions revealed a high divergence of the herein sequenced individual compared to Mediterranean populations sequenced two decades ago, rendering further questions on the evolutionary processes taking place during H. stipulacea adaptation in the invaded Mediterranean Sea. Our work sets the baseline for a future analysis of the invasion genomic of the focal species.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The Mediterranean Sea is subject to pressures from biological invasion due to coastal anthropic activities and global warming, which potentially modify its biogeography. The Red Sea tropical seagrass Halophila stipulacea entered the Eastern Mediterranean over a century ago, and its occurrence is expanding towards the northwest. Here, we highlight the importance of genomics for deciphering the evolutionary and ecological procedures taking place during the invasion process of H. stipulacea and review the relatively sparse genetic information available for the species to date. We report the first draft whole-genome sequencing of a H. stipulacea individual from Greece, based on Illumina Sequencing technology. A comparison of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions revealed a high divergence of the herein sequenced individual compared to Mediterranean populations sequenced two decades ago, rendering further questions on the evolutionary processes taking place during H. stipulacea adaptation in the invaded Mediterranean Sea. Our work sets the baseline for a future analysis of the invasion genomic of the focal species. |
Blakeslee, April M H; Manousaki, Tereza; Vasileiadou, Katerina; Tepolt, Carolyn K An evolutionary perspective on marine invasions Journal Article Evolutionary Applications, 13 (3), pp. 479–485, 2020, (_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eva.12906). @article{blakeslee_evolutionary_2020, title = {An evolutionary perspective on marine invasions}, author = {April M H Blakeslee and Tereza Manousaki and Katerina Vasileiadou and Carolyn K Tepolt}, url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/eva.12906}, doi = {10.1111/eva.12906}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, journal = {Evolutionary Applications}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {479--485}, abstract = {Abstract Species distributions are rapidly changing as human globalization increasingly moves organisms to novel environments. In marine systems, species introductions are the result of a number of anthropogenic mechanisms, notably shipping, aquaculture/mariculture, the pet and bait trades, and the creation of canals. Marine invasions are a global threat to human and non-human populations alike and are often listed as one of the top conservation concerns worldwide, having ecological, evolutionary, and social ramifications. Evolutionary investigations of marine invasions can provide crucial insight into an introduced species’ potential impacts in its new range, including: physiological adaptation and behavioral changes to exploit new environments; changes in resident populations, community interactions, and ecosystems; and severe reductions in genetic diversity that may limit evolutionary potential in the introduced range. This special issue focuses on current research advances in the evolutionary biology of marine invasions and can be broadly classified into a few major avenues of research: the evolutionary history of invasive populations, post-invasion reproductive changes, and the role of evolution in parasite introductions. Together, they demonstrate the value of investigating marine invasions from an evolutionary perspective, with benefits to both fundamental and applied evolutionary biology at local and broad scales.}, note = {_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eva.12906}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Abstract Species distributions are rapidly changing as human globalization increasingly moves organisms to novel environments. In marine systems, species introductions are the result of a number of anthropogenic mechanisms, notably shipping, aquaculture/mariculture, the pet and bait trades, and the creation of canals. Marine invasions are a global threat to human and non-human populations alike and are often listed as one of the top conservation concerns worldwide, having ecological, evolutionary, and social ramifications. Evolutionary investigations of marine invasions can provide crucial insight into an introduced species’ potential impacts in its new range, including: physiological adaptation and behavioral changes to exploit new environments; changes in resident populations, community interactions, and ecosystems; and severe reductions in genetic diversity that may limit evolutionary potential in the introduced range. This special issue focuses on current research advances in the evolutionary biology of marine invasions and can be broadly classified into a few major avenues of research: the evolutionary history of invasive populations, post-invasion reproductive changes, and the role of evolution in parasite introductions. Together, they demonstrate the value of investigating marine invasions from an evolutionary perspective, with benefits to both fundamental and applied evolutionary biology at local and broad scales. |
Koutsouveli, Vasiliki; Manousaki, Tereza; Riesgo, Ana; Lagnel, Jacques; Kollias, Spyros; Tsigenopoulos, Costas S; Arvanitidis, Christos; Dounas, Costas; Magoulas, Antonios; Dailianis, Thanos Frontiers in Marine Science, 6 , pp. 786, 2020, ISSN: 2296-7745. @article{koutsouveli_gearing_2020, title = {Gearing Up for Warmer Times: Transcriptomic Response of Spongia officinalis to Elevated Temperatures Reveals Recruited Mechanisms and Potential for Resilience}, author = {Vasiliki Koutsouveli and Tereza Manousaki and Ana Riesgo and Jacques Lagnel and Spyros Kollias and Costas S Tsigenopoulos and Christos Arvanitidis and Costas Dounas and Antonios Magoulas and Thanos Dailianis}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00786/full}, doi = {10.3389/fmars.2019.00786}, issn = {2296-7745}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-01-01}, urldate = {2020-08-06}, journal = {Frontiers in Marine Science}, volume = {6}, pages = {786}, abstract = {The emblematic sponge Spongia officinalis is currently threatened by recurrent mortality incidents in its native habitats. Elevated temperature has been indicated as a major triggering factor, but the molecular mechanisms recruited for the organism’s response to thermal shifts are yet unknown. Here, we experimentally tested the effect of exposure to temperatures of varying intensity and span on its gene expression profile, replicating gradients encountered in the species’ native habitat. Analysis revealed major shifts in the organism’s transcriptomic profile induced by temperatures corresponding to the standard seasonal maximum, triggering processes related to signal transduction, inflammation, and apoptotic pathway. Further elevation of temperature corresponding to local extremes activated further the immune response of the sponge along with protein ubiquitination. Following prolonged exposure, activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress related to accumulation of misfolded proteins and signs of resilience were observed. In the latter condition, categories such as cellular response to stress, wound repair, and diminution of pathological inflammation as also genes related to cell regeneration and cell growth were upregulated. Our results highlight the acknowledged sensitivity of S. officinalis to environmental shifts, providing an insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the process. Furthermore, they suggest innate capacity for resilience at the current thermal extremes, implying a combination of factors and not temperature per se as the lethal agent. This sheds light on the mechanisms of pressure induced by the ongoing ocean warming trend to coastal sessile invertebrates.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The emblematic sponge Spongia officinalis is currently threatened by recurrent mortality incidents in its native habitats. Elevated temperature has been indicated as a major triggering factor, but the molecular mechanisms recruited for the organism’s response to thermal shifts are yet unknown. Here, we experimentally tested the effect of exposure to temperatures of varying intensity and span on its gene expression profile, replicating gradients encountered in the species’ native habitat. Analysis revealed major shifts in the organism’s transcriptomic profile induced by temperatures corresponding to the standard seasonal maximum, triggering processes related to signal transduction, inflammation, and apoptotic pathway. Further elevation of temperature corresponding to local extremes activated further the immune response of the sponge along with protein ubiquitination. Following prolonged exposure, activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress related to accumulation of misfolded proteins and signs of resilience were observed. In the latter condition, categories such as cellular response to stress, wound repair, and diminution of pathological inflammation as also genes related to cell regeneration and cell growth were upregulated. Our results highlight the acknowledged sensitivity of S. officinalis to environmental shifts, providing an insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the process. Furthermore, they suggest innate capacity for resilience at the current thermal extremes, implying a combination of factors and not temperature per se as the lethal agent. This sheds light on the mechanisms of pressure induced by the ongoing ocean warming trend to coastal sessile invertebrates. |
2019 |
Manousaki, Tereza; Koutsouveli, Vasiliki; Lagnel, Jacques; Kollias, Spyridon; Tsigenopoulos, Costas S; Arvanitidis, Christos; Magoulas, Antonios; Dounas, Costas; Dailianis, Thanos A de novo transcriptome assembly for the bath sponge Spongia officinalis, adjusting for microsymbionts Journal Article BMC Research Notes, 12 (1), pp. 813, 2019, ISSN: 1756-0500. @article{manousaki_novo_2019, title = {A de novo transcriptome assembly for the bath sponge Spongia officinalis, adjusting for microsymbionts}, author = {Tereza Manousaki and Vasiliki Koutsouveli and Jacques Lagnel and Spyridon Kollias and Costas S Tsigenopoulos and Christos Arvanitidis and Antonios Magoulas and Costas Dounas and Thanos Dailianis}, url = {https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-019-4843-6}, doi = {10.1186/s13104-019-4843-6}, issn = {1756-0500}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-01}, urldate = {2020-08-06}, journal = {BMC Research Notes}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {813}, abstract = {Objectives We report a transcriptome acquisition for the bath sponge Spongia officinalis, a non-model marine organism that hosts rich symbiotic microbial communities. To this end, a pipeline was developed to efficiently separate between bacterial expressed genes from those of eukaryotic origin. The transcriptome was produced to support the assessment of gene expression and, thus, the response of the sponge, to elevated temperatures, replicating conditions currently occurring in its native habitat. Data description We describe the assembled transcriptome along with the bioinformatic pipeline used to discriminate between signals of metazoan and prokaryotic origin. The pipeline involves standard read pre-processing steps and incorporates extra analyses to identify and filter prokaryotic reads out of the analysis. The proposed pipeline can be followed to overcome the technical RNASeq problems characteristic for symbiont-rich metazoan organisms with low or non-existent tissue differentiation, such as sponges and cnidarians. At the same time, it can be valuable towards the development of approaches for parallel transcriptomic studies of symbiotic communities and the host.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Objectives We report a transcriptome acquisition for the bath sponge Spongia officinalis, a non-model marine organism that hosts rich symbiotic microbial communities. To this end, a pipeline was developed to efficiently separate between bacterial expressed genes from those of eukaryotic origin. The transcriptome was produced to support the assessment of gene expression and, thus, the response of the sponge, to elevated temperatures, replicating conditions currently occurring in its native habitat. Data description We describe the assembled transcriptome along with the bioinformatic pipeline used to discriminate between signals of metazoan and prokaryotic origin. The pipeline involves standard read pre-processing steps and incorporates extra analyses to identify and filter prokaryotic reads out of the analysis. The proposed pipeline can be followed to overcome the technical RNASeq problems characteristic for symbiont-rich metazoan organisms with low or non-existent tissue differentiation, such as sponges and cnidarians. At the same time, it can be valuable towards the development of approaches for parallel transcriptomic studies of symbiotic communities and the host. |
Natsidis, Paschalis; Tsakogiannis, Alexandros; Pavlidis, Pavlos; Tsigenopoulos, Costas S; Manousaki, Tereza Phylogenomics investigation of sparids (Teleostei: Spariformes) using high-quality proteomes highlights the importance of taxon sampling Journal Article Communications Biology, 2 (1), pp. 400, 2019, ISSN: 2399-3642. @article{natsidis_phylogenomics_2019, title = {Phylogenomics investigation of sparids (Teleostei: Spariformes) using high-quality proteomes highlights the importance of taxon sampling}, author = {Paschalis Natsidis and Alexandros Tsakogiannis and Pavlos Pavlidis and Costas S Tsigenopoulos and Tereza Manousaki}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-019-0654-5}, doi = {10.1038/s42003-019-0654-5}, issn = {2399-3642}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-12-01}, urldate = {2020-08-18}, journal = {Communications Biology}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {400}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Kyriakis, Dimitrios; Kanterakis, Alexandros; Manousaki, Tereza; Tsakogiannis, Alexandros; Tsagris, Michalis; Tsamardinos, Ioannis; Papaharisis, Leonidas; Chatziplis, Dimitris; Potamias, George; Tsigenopoulos, Costas S Scanning of Genetic Variants and Genetic Mapping of Phenotypic Traits in Gilthead Sea Bream Through ddRAD Sequencing Journal Article Frontiers in Genetics, 10 , pp. 675, 2019, ISSN: 1664-8021. @article{kyriakis_scanning_2019, title = {Scanning of Genetic Variants and Genetic Mapping of Phenotypic Traits in Gilthead Sea Bream Through ddRAD Sequencing}, author = {Dimitrios Kyriakis and Alexandros Kanterakis and Tereza Manousaki and Alexandros Tsakogiannis and Michalis Tsagris and Ioannis Tsamardinos and Leonidas Papaharisis and Dimitris Chatziplis and George Potamias and Costas S Tsigenopoulos}, url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2019.00675/full}, doi = {10.3389/fgene.2019.00675}, issn = {1664-8021}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-08-01}, urldate = {2020-08-18}, journal = {Frontiers in Genetics}, volume = {10}, pages = {675}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2018 |
Pauletto, Marianna; Manousaki, Tereza; Ferraresso, Serena; Babbucci, Massimiliano; Tsakogiannis, Alexandros; Louro, Bruno; Vitulo, Nicola; Quoc, Viet Ha; Carraro, Roberta; Bertotto, Daniela; Franch, Rafaella; Maroso, Francesco; Aslam, Muhammad L; Sonesson, Anna K; Simionati, Barbara; Malacrida, Giorgio; Cestaro, Alessandro; Caberlotto, Stefano; Sarropoulou, Elena; Mylonas, Costantinos C; Power, Deborah M; Patarnello, Tomaso; Canario, Adelino V M; Tsigenopoulos, Costas; Bargelloni, Luca Genomic analysis of Sparus aurata reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish Journal Article Communications Biology, 1 (1), pp. 119, 2018, ISSN: 2399-3642. @article{pauletto_genomic_2018, title = {Genomic analysis of Sparus aurata reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish}, author = {Marianna Pauletto and Tereza Manousaki and Serena Ferraresso and Massimiliano Babbucci and Alexandros Tsakogiannis and Bruno Louro and Nicola Vitulo and Viet Ha Quoc and Roberta Carraro and Daniela Bertotto and Rafaella Franch and Francesco Maroso and Muhammad L Aslam and Anna K Sonesson and Barbara Simionati and Giorgio Malacrida and Alessandro Cestaro and Stefano Caberlotto and Elena Sarropoulou and Costantinos C Mylonas and Deborah M Power and Tomaso Patarnello and Adelino V M Canario and Costas Tsigenopoulos and Luca Bargelloni}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-018-0122-7}, doi = {10.1038/s42003-018-0122-7}, issn = {2399-3642}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-12-01}, urldate = {2020-08-21}, journal = {Communications Biology}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {119}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Tsakogiannis, Alexandros; Manousaki, Tereza; Lagnel, Jacques; Papanikolaou, Nikolaos; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Mylonas, Constantinos C; Tsigenopoulos, Costas S The gene toolkit implicated in functional sex in Sparidae hermaphrodites: inferences from comparative transcriptomics Journal Article Frontiers in Genetics, 9 , pp. 749, 2018, (Publisher: Frontiers). @article{tsakogiannis_gene_2018, title = {The gene toolkit implicated in functional sex in Sparidae hermaphrodites: inferences from comparative transcriptomics}, author = {Alexandros Tsakogiannis and Tereza Manousaki and Jacques Lagnel and Nikolaos Papanikolaou and Nikos Papandroulakis and Constantinos C Mylonas and Costas S Tsigenopoulos}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Frontiers in Genetics}, volume = {9}, pages = {749}, note = {Publisher: Frontiers}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2017 |
Lee, Hyuk Je; Schneider, Ralf F; Manousaki, Tereza; Kang, Ji Hyoun; Lein, Etienne; Franchini, Paolo; Meyer, Axel Genome biology and evolution, 9 (11), pp. 3122–3136, 2017, (Publisher: Oxford University Press). @article{lee_lateralized_2017, title = {Lateralized feeding behavior is associated with asymmetrical neuroanatomy and lateralized gene expressions in the brain in scale-eating cichlid fish}, author = {Hyuk Je Lee and Ralf F Schneider and Tereza Manousaki and Ji Hyoun Kang and Etienne Lein and Paolo Franchini and Axel Meyer}, doi = {10.1093/gbe/evx218}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Genome biology and evolution}, volume = {9}, number = {11}, pages = {3122--3136}, note = {Publisher: Oxford University Press}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2016 |
Braasch, Ingo; Gehrke, Andrew R; Smith, Jeramiah J; Kawasaki, Kazuhiko; Manousaki, Tereza; Pasquier, Jeremy; Amores, Angel; Desvignes, Thomas; Batzel, Peter; Catchen, Julian; Berlin, Aaron M; Campbell, Michael S; Barrell, Daniel; Martin, Kyle J; Mulley, John F; Ravi, Vydianathan; Lee, Alison P; Nakamura, Tetsuya; Chalopin, Domitille; Fan, Shaohua; Wcisel, Dustin; Cañestro, Cristian; Sydes, Jason; Beaudry, Felix E G; Sun, Yi; Hertel, Jana; Beam, Michael J; Fasold, Mario; Ishiyama, Mikio; Johnson, Jeremy; Kehr, Steffi; Lara, Marcia; Letaw, John H; Litman, Gary W; Litman, Ronda T; Mikami, Masato; Ota, Tatsuya; Saha, Nil Ratan; Williams, Louise; Stadler, Peter F; Wang, Han; Taylor, John S; Fontenot, Quenton; Ferrara, Allyse; Searle, Stephen M J; Aken, Bronwen; Yandell, Mark; Schneider, Igor; Yoder, Jeffrey A; Volff, Jean-Nicolas; Meyer, Axel; Amemiya, Chris T; Venkatesh, Byrappa; Holland, Peter W H; Guiguen, Yann; Bobe, Julien; Shubin, Neil H; Palma, Federica Di; Alföldi, Jessica; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Postlethwait, John H The spotted gar genome illuminates vertebrate evolution and facilitates human-teleost comparisons Journal Article Nature Genetics, 48 (4), pp. 427–437, 2016, ISSN: 1061-4036, 1546-1718. @article{braasch_spotted_2016, title = {The spotted gar genome illuminates vertebrate evolution and facilitates human-teleost comparisons}, author = {Ingo Braasch and Andrew R Gehrke and Jeramiah J Smith and Kazuhiko Kawasaki and Tereza Manousaki and Jeremy Pasquier and Angel Amores and Thomas Desvignes and Peter Batzel and Julian Catchen and Aaron M Berlin and Michael S Campbell and Daniel Barrell and Kyle J Martin and John F Mulley and Vydianathan Ravi and Alison P Lee and Tetsuya Nakamura and Domitille Chalopin and Shaohua Fan and Dustin Wcisel and Cristian Cañestro and Jason Sydes and Felix E G Beaudry and Yi Sun and Jana Hertel and Michael J Beam and Mario Fasold and Mikio Ishiyama and Jeremy Johnson and Steffi Kehr and Marcia Lara and John H Letaw and Gary W Litman and Ronda T Litman and Masato Mikami and Tatsuya Ota and Nil Ratan Saha and Louise Williams and Peter F Stadler and Han Wang and John S Taylor and Quenton Fontenot and Allyse Ferrara and Stephen M J Searle and Bronwen Aken and Mark Yandell and Igor Schneider and Jeffrey A Yoder and Jean-Nicolas Volff and Axel Meyer and Chris T Amemiya and Byrappa Venkatesh and Peter W H Holland and Yann Guiguen and Julien Bobe and Neil H Shubin and Federica Di Palma and Jessica Alföldi and Kerstin Lindblad-Toh and John H Postlethwait}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3526}, doi = {10.1038/ng.3526}, issn = {1061-4036, 1546-1718}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-04-01}, urldate = {2020-08-09}, journal = {Nature Genetics}, volume = {48}, number = {4}, pages = {427--437}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Manousaki, Tereza; Qiu, Huan; Noro, Miyuki; Hildebrand, Falk; Meyer, Axel; Kuraku, Shigehiro Molecular evolution in the lamprey genomes and its relevance to the timing of whole genome duplications Incollection Jawless Fishes of the World, 1 , Cambridge Scholars, 2016. @incollection{manousaki_molecular_2016, title = {Molecular evolution in the lamprey genomes and its relevance to the timing of whole genome duplications}, author = {Tereza Manousaki and Huan Qiu and Miyuki Noro and Falk Hildebrand and Axel Meyer and Shigehiro Kuraku}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, booktitle = {Jawless Fishes of the World}, volume = {1}, publisher = {Cambridge Scholars}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {incollection} } |
Manousaki, Tereza; Tsakogiannis, Alexandros; Taggart, John B; Palaiokostas, Christos; Tsaparis, Dimitris; Lagnel, Jacques; Chatziplis, Dimitrios; Magoulas, Antonios; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Mylonas, Constantinos C; others, Exploring a nonmodel teleost genome through rad sequencing—linkage mapping in Common Pandora, Pagellus erythrinus and comparative genomic analysis Journal Article G3: Genes, genomes, genetics, 6 (3), pp. 509–519, 2016, (Publisher: G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics). @article{manousaki_exploring_2016, title = {Exploring a nonmodel teleost genome through rad sequencing—linkage mapping in Common Pandora, Pagellus erythrinus and comparative genomic analysis}, author = {Tereza Manousaki and Alexandros Tsakogiannis and John B Taggart and Christos Palaiokostas and Dimitris Tsaparis and Jacques Lagnel and Dimitrios Chatziplis and Antonios Magoulas and Nikos Papandroulakis and Constantinos C Mylonas and others}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {G3: Genes, genomes, genetics}, volume = {6}, number = {3}, pages = {509--519}, note = {Publisher: G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2015 |
Kang, Ji Hyoun; Manousaki, Tereza; Franchini, Paolo; Kneitz, Susanne; Schartl, Manfred; Meyer, Axel Ecology and Evolution, 5 (4), pp. 848–864, 2015, ISSN: 20457758. @article{kang_transcriptomics_2015, title = {Transcriptomics of two evolutionary novelties: how to make a sperm-transfer organ out of an anal fin and a sexually selected “sword” out of a caudal fin}, author = {Ji Hyoun Kang and Tereza Manousaki and Paolo Franchini and Susanne Kneitz and Manfred Schartl and Axel Meyer}, url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ece3.1390}, doi = {10.1002/ece3.1390}, issn = {20457758}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-02-01}, urldate = {2020-08-09}, journal = {Ecology and Evolution}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {848--864}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2014 |
Manousaki, Tereza; Tsakogiannis, Alexandros; Lagnel, Jacques; Sarropoulou, Elena; Xiang, Jenny Z; Papandroulakis, Nikos; Mylonas, Constantinos C; Tsigenopoulos, Costas S The sex-specific transcriptome of the hermaphrodite sparid sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) Journal Article BMC genomics, 15 (1), pp. 655, 2014, (Publisher: BioMed Central). @article{manousaki_sex-specific_2014, title = {The sex-specific transcriptome of the hermaphrodite sparid sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo)}, author = {Tereza Manousaki and Alexandros Tsakogiannis and Jacques Lagnel and Elena Sarropoulou and Jenny Z Xiang and Nikos Papandroulakis and Constantinos C Mylonas and Costas S Tsigenopoulos}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {BMC genomics}, volume = {15}, number = {1}, pages = {655}, note = {Publisher: BioMed Central}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2013 |
Amemiya, Chris T; Alföldi, Jessica; Lee, Alison P; Fan, Shaohua; Philippe, Hervé; MacCallum, Iain; Braasch, Ingo; Manousaki, Tereza; Schneider, Igor; Rohner, Nicolas; Organ, Chris; Chalopin, Domitille; Smith, Jeramiah J; Robinson, Mark; Dorrington, Rosemary A; Gerdol, Marco; Aken, Bronwen; Biscotti, Maria Assunta; Barucca, Marco; Baurain, Denis; Berlin, Aaron M; Blatch, Gregory L; Buonocore, Francesco; Burmester, Thorsten; Campbell, Michael S; Canapa, Adriana; Cannon, John P; Christoffels, Alan; Moro, Gianluca De; Edkins, Adrienne L; Fan, Lin; Fausto, Anna Maria; Feiner, Nathalie; Forconi, Mariko; Gamieldien, Junaid; Gnerre, Sante; Gnirke, Andreas; Goldstone, Jared V; Haerty, Wilfried; Hahn, Mark E; Hesse, Uljana; Hoffmann, Steve; Johnson, Jeremy; Karchner, Sibel I; Kuraku, Shigehiro; Lara, Marcia; Levin, Joshua Z; Litman, Gary W; Mauceli, Evan; Miyake, Tsutomu; Mueller, Gail M; Nelson, David R; Nitsche, Anne; Olmo, Ettore; Ota, Tatsuya; Pallavicini, Alberto; Panji, Sumir; Picone, Barbara; Ponting, Chris P; Prohaska, Sonja J; Przybylski, Dariusz; Saha, Nil Ratan; Ravi, Vydianathan; Ribeiro, Filipe J; Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana; Scapigliati, Giuseppe; Searle, Stephen M J; Sharpe, Ted; Simakov, Oleg; Stadler, Peter F; Stegeman, John J; Sumiyama, Kenta; Tabbaa, Diana; Tafer, Hakim; Turner-Maier, Jason; van Heusden, Peter; White, Simon; Williams, Louise; Yandell, Mark; Brinkmann, Henner; Volff, Jean-Nicolas; Tabin, Clifford J; Shubin, Neil; Schartl, Manfred; Jaffe, David B; Postlethwait, John H; Venkatesh, Byrappa; Palma, Federica Di; Lander, Eric S; Meyer, Axel; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution Journal Article Nature, 496 (7445), pp. 311–316, 2013, ISSN: 0028-0836, 1476-4687. @article{amemiya_african_2013, title = {The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution}, author = {Chris T Amemiya and Jessica Alföldi and Alison P Lee and Shaohua Fan and Hervé Philippe and Iain MacCallum and Ingo Braasch and Tereza Manousaki and Igor Schneider and Nicolas Rohner and Chris Organ and Domitille Chalopin and Jeramiah J Smith and Mark Robinson and Rosemary A Dorrington and Marco Gerdol and Bronwen Aken and Maria Assunta Biscotti and Marco Barucca and Denis Baurain and Aaron M Berlin and Gregory L Blatch and Francesco Buonocore and Thorsten Burmester and Michael S Campbell and Adriana Canapa and John P Cannon and Alan Christoffels and Gianluca De Moro and Adrienne L Edkins and Lin Fan and Anna Maria Fausto and Nathalie Feiner and Mariko Forconi and Junaid Gamieldien and Sante Gnerre and Andreas Gnirke and Jared V Goldstone and Wilfried Haerty and Mark E Hahn and Uljana Hesse and Steve Hoffmann and Jeremy Johnson and Sibel I Karchner and Shigehiro Kuraku and Marcia Lara and Joshua Z Levin and Gary W Litman and Evan Mauceli and Tsutomu Miyake and Gail M Mueller and David R Nelson and Anne Nitsche and Ettore Olmo and Tatsuya Ota and Alberto Pallavicini and Sumir Panji and Barbara Picone and Chris P Ponting and Sonja J Prohaska and Dariusz Przybylski and Nil Ratan Saha and Vydianathan Ravi and Filipe J Ribeiro and Tatjana Sauka-Spengler and Giuseppe Scapigliati and Stephen M J Searle and Ted Sharpe and Oleg Simakov and Peter F Stadler and John J Stegeman and Kenta Sumiyama and Diana Tabbaa and Hakim Tafer and Jason Turner-Maier and Peter van Heusden and Simon White and Louise Williams and Mark Yandell and Henner Brinkmann and Jean-Nicolas Volff and Clifford J Tabin and Neil Shubin and Manfred Schartl and David B Jaffe and John H Postlethwait and Byrappa Venkatesh and Federica Di Palma and Eric S Lander and Axel Meyer and Kerstin Lindblad-Toh}, url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/nature12027}, doi = {10.1038/nature12027}, issn = {0028-0836, 1476-4687}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-04-01}, urldate = {2020-08-09}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {496}, number = {7445}, pages = {311--316}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Manousaki, Tereza; Hull, Pincelli M; Kusche, Henrik; Machado-Schiaffino, Gonzalo; Franchini, Paolo; Harrod, Chris; Elmer, Kathryn R; Meyer, Axel Molecular Ecology, 22 (3), pp. 650–669, 2013. @article{manousaki_parsing_2013, title = {Parsing parallel evolution: ecological divergence and differential gene expression in the adaptive radiations of thick-lipped M idas cichlid fishes from N icaragua}, author = {Tereza Manousaki and Pincelli M Hull and Henrik Kusche and Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino and Paolo Franchini and Chris Harrod and Kathryn R Elmer and Axel Meyer}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.12034}, doi = {10.1111/mec.12034}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Molecular Ecology}, volume = {22}, number = {3}, pages = {650--669}, abstract = {The study of parallel evolution facilitates the discovery of common rules of diversification. Here, we examine the repeated evolution of thick lips in Midas cichlid fishes (the Amphilophus citrinellus species complex) - from two Great Lakes and two crater lakes in Nicaragua - to assess whether similar changes in ecology, phenotypic trophic traits and gene expression accompany parallel trait evolution. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we characterize transcriptome-wide differential gene expression in the lips of wild-caught sympatric thick- and thin-lipped cichlids from all four instances of repeated thick-lip evolution. Six genes (apolipoprotein D, myelin-associated glycoprotein precursor, four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2, calpain-9, GTPase IMAP family member 8-like and one hypothetical protein) are significantly underexpressed in the thick-lipped morph across all four lakes. However, other aspects of lips’ gene expression in sympatric morphs differ in a lake-specific pattern, including the magnitude of differentially expressed genes (97-510). Generally, fewer genes are differentially expressed among morphs in the younger crater lakes than in those from the older Great Lakes. Body shape, lower pharyngeal jaw size and shape, and stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) differ between all sympatric morphs, with the greatest differentiation in the Great Lake Nicaragua. Some ecological traits evolve in parallel (those related to foraging ecology; e.g. lip size, body and head shape) but others, somewhat surprisingly, do not (those related to diet and food processing; e.g. jaw size and shape, stable isotopes). Taken together, this case of parallelism among thick- and thin-lipped cichlids shows a mosaic pattern of parallel and nonparallel evolution. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The study of parallel evolution facilitates the discovery of common rules of diversification. Here, we examine the repeated evolution of thick lips in Midas cichlid fishes (the Amphilophus citrinellus species complex) - from two Great Lakes and two crater lakes in Nicaragua - to assess whether similar changes in ecology, phenotypic trophic traits and gene expression accompany parallel trait evolution. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we characterize transcriptome-wide differential gene expression in the lips of wild-caught sympatric thick- and thin-lipped cichlids from all four instances of repeated thick-lip evolution. Six genes (apolipoprotein D, myelin-associated glycoprotein precursor, four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2, calpain-9, GTPase IMAP family member 8-like and one hypothetical protein) are significantly underexpressed in the thick-lipped morph across all four lakes. However, other aspects of lips’ gene expression in sympatric morphs differ in a lake-specific pattern, including the magnitude of differentially expressed genes (97-510). Generally, fewer genes are differentially expressed among morphs in the younger crater lakes than in those from the older Great Lakes. Body shape, lower pharyngeal jaw size and shape, and stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) differ between all sympatric morphs, with the greatest differentiation in the Great Lake Nicaragua. Some ecological traits evolve in parallel (those related to foraging ecology; e.g. lip size, body and head shape) but others, somewhat surprisingly, do not (those related to diet and food processing; e.g. jaw size and shape, stable isotopes). Taken together, this case of parallelism among thick- and thin-lipped cichlids shows a mosaic pattern of parallel and nonparallel evolution. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. |
Smith, Jeramiah J; Kuraku, Shigehiro; Holt, Carson; Sauka-Spengler, Tatjana; Jiang, Ning; Campbell, Michael S; Yandell, Mark D; Manousaki, Tereza; Meyer, Axel; Bloom, Ona E; others, Sequencing of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) genome provides insights into vertebrate evolution Journal Article Nature Genetics, 45 (4), pp. 415–421, 2013, (Publisher: Nature Publishing Group). @article{smith_sequencing_2013, title = {Sequencing of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) genome provides insights into vertebrate evolution}, author = {Jeramiah J Smith and Shigehiro Kuraku and Carson Holt and Tatjana Sauka-Spengler and Ning Jiang and Michael S Campbell and Mark D Yandell and Tereza Manousaki and Axel Meyer and Ona E Bloom and others}, url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.2568}, doi = {10.1038/ng.2568}, year = {2013}, date = {2013-01-01}, journal = {Nature Genetics}, volume = {45}, number = {4}, pages = {415--421}, note = {Publisher: Nature Publishing Group}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
2011 |
Manousaki, Tereza; Feiner, Nathalie; Begemann, Gerrit; Meyer, Axel; Kuraku, Shigehiro Co-orthology of P ax4 and P ax6 to the fly eyeless gene: molecular phylogenetic, comparative genomic, and embryological analyses Journal Article Evolution & Development, 13 (5), pp. 448–459, 2011. @article{manousaki_co-orthology_2011, title = {Co-orthology of P ax4 and P ax6 to the fly eyeless gene: molecular phylogenetic, comparative genomic, and embryological analyses}, author = {Tereza Manousaki and Nathalie Feiner and Gerrit Begemann and Axel Meyer and Shigehiro Kuraku}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00502.x}, doi = {10.1111/j.1525-142X.2011.00502.x}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Evolution & Development}, volume = {13}, number = {5}, pages = {448--459}, abstract = {The functional equivalence of P ax6/eyeless genes across distantly related animal phyla has been one of central findings on which evo‐devo studies is based. In this study, we show that P ax4 , in addition to P ax6 , is a vertebrate ortholog of the fly eyeless gene (and its duplicate, twin of eyeless [toy ] gene, unique to I nsecta). Molecular phylogenetic trees published to date placed the P ax4 gene outside the P ax6 /eyeless subgroup as if the P ax4 gene originated from a gene duplication before the origin of bilaterians. However, P ax4 genes had only been reported for mammals. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis, including previously unidentified teleost fish pax4 genes, equally supported two scenarios: one with the P ax4 –P ax6 duplication early in vertebrate evolution and the other with this duplication before the bilaterian radiation. We then investigated gene compositions in the genomic regions containing P ax4 and P ax6 , and identified (1) conserved synteny between these two regions, suggesting that the P ax4 –P ax6 split was caused by a large‐scale duplication and (2) its timing within early vertebrate evolution based on the duplication timing of the members of neighboring gene families. Our results are consistent with the so‐called two‐round genome duplications in early vertebrates. Overall, the P ax6 /eyeless ortholog is merely part of a 2:2 orthology relationship between vertebrates (with P ax4 and P ax6 ) and the fly (with eyeless and toy ). In this context, evolution of transcriptional regulation associated with the P ax4 –P ax6 split is also discussed in light of the zebrafish pax4 expression pattern that is analyzed here for the first time}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The functional equivalence of P ax6/eyeless genes across distantly related animal phyla has been one of central findings on which evo‐devo studies is based. In this study, we show that P ax4 , in addition to P ax6 , is a vertebrate ortholog of the fly eyeless gene (and its duplicate, twin of eyeless [toy ] gene, unique to I nsecta). Molecular phylogenetic trees published to date placed the P ax4 gene outside the P ax6 /eyeless subgroup as if the P ax4 gene originated from a gene duplication before the origin of bilaterians. However, P ax4 genes had only been reported for mammals. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis, including previously unidentified teleost fish pax4 genes, equally supported two scenarios: one with the P ax4 –P ax6 duplication early in vertebrate evolution and the other with this duplication before the bilaterian radiation. We then investigated gene compositions in the genomic regions containing P ax4 and P ax6 , and identified (1) conserved synteny between these two regions, suggesting that the P ax4 –P ax6 split was caused by a large‐scale duplication and (2) its timing within early vertebrate evolution based on the duplication timing of the members of neighboring gene families. Our results are consistent with the so‐called two‐round genome duplications in early vertebrates. Overall, the P ax6 /eyeless ortholog is merely part of a 2:2 orthology relationship between vertebrates (with P ax4 and P ax6 ) and the fly (with eyeless and toy ). In this context, evolution of transcriptional regulation associated with the P ax4 –P ax6 split is also discussed in light of the zebrafish pax4 expression pattern that is analyzed here for the first time |
Dessimoz, Christophe; Zoller, Stefan; Manousaki, Tereza; Qiu, Huan; Meyer, Axel; Kuraku, Shigehiro Briefings in Bioinformatics, 12 (5), pp. 474–484, 2011, (Publisher: Oxford University Press). @article{dessimoz_comparative_2011, title = {Comparative genomics approach to detecting split-coding regions in a low-coverage genome: lessons from the chimaera Callorhinchus milii (Holocephali, Chondrichthyes)}, author = {Christophe Dessimoz and Stefan Zoller and Tereza Manousaki and Huan Qiu and Axel Meyer and Shigehiro Kuraku}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbr038}, doi = {10.1093/bib/bbr038}, year = {2011}, date = {2011-01-01}, journal = {Briefings in Bioinformatics}, volume = {12}, number = {5}, pages = {474--484}, note = {Publisher: Oxford University Press}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Tereza Manousaki
2021 |
Pathogens, 10 (2), pp. 100, 2021, ISSN: 2076-0817. |
2020 |
The Importance of Genomics for Deciphering the Invasion Success of the Seagrass Halophila stipulacea in the Changing Mediterranean Sea Journal Article Diversity, 12 (7), 2020, ISSN: 1424-2818. |
An evolutionary perspective on marine invasions Journal Article Evolutionary Applications, 13 (3), pp. 479–485, 2020, (_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/eva.12906). |
Frontiers in Marine Science, 6 , pp. 786, 2020, ISSN: 2296-7745. |
2019 |
A de novo transcriptome assembly for the bath sponge Spongia officinalis, adjusting for microsymbionts Journal Article BMC Research Notes, 12 (1), pp. 813, 2019, ISSN: 1756-0500. |
Phylogenomics investigation of sparids (Teleostei: Spariformes) using high-quality proteomes highlights the importance of taxon sampling Journal Article Communications Biology, 2 (1), pp. 400, 2019, ISSN: 2399-3642. |
Scanning of Genetic Variants and Genetic Mapping of Phenotypic Traits in Gilthead Sea Bream Through ddRAD Sequencing Journal Article Frontiers in Genetics, 10 , pp. 675, 2019, ISSN: 1664-8021. |
2018 |
Genomic analysis of Sparus aurata reveals the evolutionary dynamics of sex-biased genes in a sequential hermaphrodite fish Journal Article Communications Biology, 1 (1), pp. 119, 2018, ISSN: 2399-3642. |
The gene toolkit implicated in functional sex in Sparidae hermaphrodites: inferences from comparative transcriptomics Journal Article Frontiers in Genetics, 9 , pp. 749, 2018, (Publisher: Frontiers). |
2017 |
Genome biology and evolution, 9 (11), pp. 3122–3136, 2017, (Publisher: Oxford University Press). |
2016 |
The spotted gar genome illuminates vertebrate evolution and facilitates human-teleost comparisons Journal Article Nature Genetics, 48 (4), pp. 427–437, 2016, ISSN: 1061-4036, 1546-1718. |
Molecular evolution in the lamprey genomes and its relevance to the timing of whole genome duplications Incollection Jawless Fishes of the World, 1 , Cambridge Scholars, 2016. |
Exploring a nonmodel teleost genome through rad sequencing—linkage mapping in Common Pandora, Pagellus erythrinus and comparative genomic analysis Journal Article G3: Genes, genomes, genetics, 6 (3), pp. 509–519, 2016, (Publisher: G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics). |
2015 |
Ecology and Evolution, 5 (4), pp. 848–864, 2015, ISSN: 20457758. |
2014 |
The sex-specific transcriptome of the hermaphrodite sparid sharpsnout seabream (Diplodus puntazzo) Journal Article BMC genomics, 15 (1), pp. 655, 2014, (Publisher: BioMed Central). |
2013 |
The African coelacanth genome provides insights into tetrapod evolution Journal Article Nature, 496 (7445), pp. 311–316, 2013, ISSN: 0028-0836, 1476-4687. |
Molecular Ecology, 22 (3), pp. 650–669, 2013. |
Sequencing of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) genome provides insights into vertebrate evolution Journal Article Nature Genetics, 45 (4), pp. 415–421, 2013, (Publisher: Nature Publishing Group). |
2011 |
Co-orthology of P ax4 and P ax6 to the fly eyeless gene: molecular phylogenetic, comparative genomic, and embryological analyses Journal Article Evolution & Development, 13 (5), pp. 448–459, 2011. |
Briefings in Bioinformatics, 12 (5), pp. 474–484, 2011, (Publisher: Oxford University Press). |